This is a list of space probes that have left Earth orbit (or were launched with that intention but failed), organized by their planned destination. It includes planetary probes, solar probes, and probes to asteroids and comets. Flybys (such as gravity assists) that were incidental to the main purpose of the mission are also included.
Excluded are lunar missions, which are listed separately at List of lunar probes and List of Apollo missions. Flybys of Earth are listed separately at List of Earth flybys. Planned and proposed missions are in the List of proposed Solar System probes.
Key
Colour key:
{|
|-
| – Mission or flyby completed successfully (or partially successfully)
|
| – Failed mission
|-
| – Mission en route or in progress (including mission extensions)
|
|<!-- – Planned mission-->
|
|}
- <sup>†</sup> means "tentatively identified", as classified by NASA. These are Cold War-era Soviet missions, mostly failures, about which few or no details have been officially released. The information given may be speculative.
- Date is the date of:
:* closest encounter (flybys)
:* impact (impactors)
:* orbital insertion to end of mission, whether planned or premature (orbiters)
:* landing to end of mission, whether planned or premature (landers)
:* launch (missions that never got underway due to failure at or soon after launch)
: In cases which do not fit any of the above, the event to which the date refers is stated. As a result of this scheme missions are not always listed in order of launch.
- Some of the terms used under Type:
:* Flyby: The probe flies by an astronomical body, but does not orbit it
:* Orbiter: Part of a probe that orbits an astronomical body
:* Lander: Part of a probe that descend to the surface of an astronomical body
:* Rover: Part of a probe that acts as a vehicle to move on the solid-surface of an astronomical body
:* Penetrator: Part of a probe that impacts an astronomical body
:* Atmospheric probe or balloon: Part of a probe that descend through or floats in the atmosphere of an astronomical body; not restricted to weather balloons and other atmospheric sounders, as it can also be used for surface and subsurface imaging and remote sensing.
:* Sample return: Parts of the probe return to Earth with physical samples
- Under Status, in the case of flybys (such as gravity assists) that are incidental to the main mission, "success" indicates the successful completion of the flyby, not necessarily that of the main mission.
Solar probes
While the Sun is not physically explorable with current technology, the following solar observation probes have been designed and launched to operate in heliocentric orbit or at one of the Earth–Sun Lagrangian points – additional solar observatories were placed in Earth orbit and are not included in this list:
1960–1969
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size:95%;"
! colspan="2" style="text-align:left; width:15%;"| Spacecraft
! style="text-align:left; width:11%;"| Organization
! style="text-align:left; width:17%;"| Date
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Type
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Status
! style="text-align:left; width:24%;"| Notes
! style="text-align:left; width:7%;"| Image
! style="text-align:left; width:6%;"| Ref
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Pioneer 5
| NASA/<br />24px DOD
| March–April 1960
| orbiter
| success
| measured magnetic field phenomena, solar flare particles, and ionization in the interplanetary region
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Pioneer 6(A)
| NASA
| December 1965 – still contactable in 2000
| orbiter
| success
| rowspan="4" | network of solar-orbiting "space weather" monitors, observing solar wind, cosmic rays, and magnetic fields
| rowspan="4" | 50px
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Pioneer 7(B)
| NASA
| August 1966 – still contactable in 1995
| orbiter
| success
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Pioneer 8(C)
| NASA
| December 1967 – still contactable in 2001
| orbiter
| success
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Pioneer 9(D)
| NASA
| November 1968 – May 1983
| orbiter
| success
|
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
| colspan="2" | Pioneer-E
| NASA
| 27 August 1969
| orbiter
| failure
| intended as part of the Pioneer network; failed to reach orbit
| 50px
|
|}
1974–1997
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size:95%;"
! colspan="2" style="text-align:left; width:15%;"| Spacecraft
! style="text-align:left; width:11%;"| Organization
! style="text-align:left; width:17%;"| Date
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Type
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Status
! style="text-align:left; width:24%;"| Notes
! style="text-align:left; width:7%;"| Image
! style="text-align:left; width:6%;"| Ref
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Helios A
| DFVLR/<br /> NASA
| November 1974 – 1982
| orbiter
| success
| rowspan="2" | observations of solar wind, magnetic and electric fields, cosmic rays and cosmic dust between Earth and Sun
| rowspan="2" | 50px
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Helios B
| DFVLR/<br /> NASA
| January 1976 – 1985?
| orbiter
| success
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | ISEE-3
| NASA
| 1978–1982
| orbiter
| success
| observed solar phenomena in conjunction with Earth-orbiting ISEE-1 and ISEE-2; later renamed International Cometary Explorer (ICE) and directed to Comet Giacobini-Zinner
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Ulysses<br />(first pass)
| rowspan="2" | ESA/<br /> NASA
| 1994
| rowspan="2" | orbiter
| rowspan="2" | success
| south polar observations
| rowspan="2" | 50px
| rowspan="2" |
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| 1995
| north polar observations
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | WIND
| NASA
| November 1994 – still active as of October 2024
| orbiter
| success
| solar wind measurements
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | SOHO
| ESA/<br /> NASA
| May 1996 – extended to December 2025
| orbiter
| success
| investigation of Sun's core, corona, and solar wind; comet discoveries
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | ACE
| NASA
| August 1997 – projected until 2024
| orbiter
| success
| solar wind observations
| 50px
|
|}
Since 2000
{| class="wikitable sticky-header" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:left; width:15%;"| Spacecraft
! style="text-align:left; width:11%;"| Organization
! style="text-align:left; width:17%;"| Date
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Type
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Status
! style="text-align:left; width:24%;"| Notes
! style="text-align:left; width:7%;"| Image
! style="text-align:left; width:6%;"| Ref
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Ulysses<br />(second pass)
| rowspan="2" | ESA/<br /> NASA
| 2000
| rowspan="2" | orbiter
| rowspan="2" | success
| south polar observations
| rowspan="2" | 50px
| rowspan="2" |
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| 2001
| north polar observations
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Genesis
| NASA
| 2001–2004
| orbiter/<br />sample return
| success
| solar wind sample return; crash landed on return to Earth, much data salvaged
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | STEREO A
| NASA
| December 2006 – <br/>still active as of October 2024
| orbiter
| success
| stereoscopic imaging of coronal mass ejections and other solar phenomena
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | STEREO B
| NASA
| December 2006 – October 2014. <br/> August 2016 – October 2018 <br/> (communication lost between 1 October 2014 and 21 August 2016) <br/> NASA directed that periodic recovery operations of Stereo-B cease with last support on October 17, 2018.
| orbiter
| success
| stereoscopic imaging of coronal mass ejections and other solar phenomena
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Ulysses<br />(third pass)
| rowspan="2" | ESA/<br /> NASA
| 2007
| rowspan="2" | orbiter
| success
| south polar observations
| rowspan="2" | 50px
| rowspan="2" |
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| 2008
| partial success
| north polar observations; some data returned despite failing power and reduced transmission capacity
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | DSCOVR
| NOAA
| February 2015 – still active as of October 2024
| orbiter
| success
| solar wind and coronal mass ejection monitoring, as well as Earth climate monitoring
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | Parker Solar Probe
| NASA
| | November 2018 – December 2025
| orbiter/flyby<br />(approach 26 times)
| en route
| close-range solar coronal study
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | Solar Orbiter
| ESA
| 10 February 2020 (launch)
| orbiter
| en route
| solar and heliospheric physics
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | Aditya-L1
| ISRO
| 2 September 2023 (launch)
| orbiter
| success
| Solar corona observation
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | SWFO-L1
| NOAA
| 24 September 2025 (launch)
| orbiter
| success
| Space weather, solar wind and coronal mass ejection monitoring
| 50px
|
|}
Mercury probes
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; font-size:95%;"
! colspan="2" style="text-align:left; width:15%;"| Spacecraft
! style="text-align:left; width:11%;"| Organization
! style="text-align:left; width:17%;"| Date
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Type
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Status
! style="text-align:left; width:24%;"| Notes
! style="text-align:left; width:7%;"| Image
! style="text-align:left; width:6%;"| Ref
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" | Mariner 10
| rowspan="3" | NASA
| 29 March 1974
| rowspan="3" | flyby
| rowspan="3" | success
| minimum distance 704 km
| rowspan="3" | 50px
| rowspan="3" |
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
|
| 48,069 km
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| 16 March 1975
| 327 km
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" | MESSENGER
| rowspan="4" | NASA
| style="background:#EFE7B8" | 14 January 2008
| rowspan="3" style="background:#EFE7B8" | flyby
| rowspan="3" style="background:#EFE7B8" | success
| style="background:#EFE7B8" | minimum distance 200 km
| rowspan="4" | 50px
| rowspan="4" |
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| style="background:#EFE7B8" | 6 October 2008
| style="background:#EFE7B8" | minimum distance 200 km
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| 29 September 2009
| minimum distance 228 km
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| 18 March 2011 –<br/>30 April 2015
| orbiter
| success
| first spacecraft to orbit Mercury; unavoidable impact on the surface at end of mission
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" rowspan="6" | BepiColombo<br />(Mercury Cruise System)
| rowspan="6" | ESA/<br /> JAXA
| style="background:#EFE7B8" | 1 October 2021
| style="background:#EFE7B8" rowspan="6" | flyby
| style="background:#EFE7B8" rowspan="6" | success
| style="background:#EFE7B8" | minimum distance 199 km
| rowspan="8" | 50px
| rowspan="8" |
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| 23 June 2022
| minimum distance 200 km
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| 19 June 2023
| minimum distance 236 km
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| 4 September 2024
| minimum distance 165 km - closest planetary flyby ever performed
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| 1 December 2024
| minimum distance 37,626 km
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| 8 January 2025
| minimum distance 295 km
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| rowspan="2" |
| Mercury<br />Planetary Orbiter
| ESA
| 21 November 2026 (orbital insertion) <br/> TBD 2027 (final MPO orbit)
| orbiter
| en route (attached to Mercury Cruise System)
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| Mio<br />(Mercury<br />Magnetospheric Orbiter)
| JAXA
| 21 November 2026 (orbital insertion)
| orbiter
| en route (attached to Mercury Cruise System)
|
|}
Venus probes
Early programs encompassing multiple spacecraft include:
- Venera program — USSR Venus orbiter and lander (1961–1984)
- Pioneer Venus project — US Venus orbiter and entry probes (1978)
- Vega program — USSR mission to Venus and Comet Halley (1984)
1961–1969
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:left; width:15%;"| Spacecraft
! style="text-align:left; width:11%;"| Organization
! style="text-align:left; width:17%;"| Date
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Type
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Status
! style="text-align:left; width:24%;"| Notes
! style="text-align:left; width:7%;"| Image
! style="text-align:left; width:6%;"| Ref
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
| colspan="2" | Tyazhely Sputnik
| (USSR)
| 4 February 1961
| lander
| failure
| failed to escape from Earth orbit
|
|
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
| colspan="2" | Venera 1
| (USSR)
| 19 May 1961 –<br />20 May 1961
| flyby
| failure
| contact lost 7 days after launch; first spacecraft to fly by another planet
|
|
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
| colspan="2" | Mariner 1
| NASA
| 22 July 1962
| flyby
| failure
| guidance failure shortly after launch
|
|
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
| colspan="2" | Sputnik 19
| (USSR)
| 25 August 1962
| lander
| failure
| failed to escape Earth orbit
|
|
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
| colspan="2" | Sputnik 20
| (USSR)
| 1 September 1962
| lander
| failure
| failed to escape Earth orbit
|
|
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
| colspan="2" | Sputnik 21
| (USSR)
| 12 September 1962
| flyby
| failure
| third stage exploded
|
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Mariner 2
| NASA
| 14 December 1962
| flyby
| success
| first successful Venus flyby; minimum distance 34,773 km
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
| colspan="2" | Cosmos 21<sup>†</sup>
| (USSR)
| 11 November 1963
| flyby
| failure
| failed to escape Earth orbit
|
|
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
| colspan="2" | Venera 1964A<sup>†</sup>
| (USSR)
| 19 February 1964
| flyby
| failure
| failed to reach Earth orbit
|
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Magellan
| NASA
| 10 August 1990 –<br/>12 October 1994
| orbiter
| success
| global radar mapping
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Cassini
| rowspan="2" | NASA/<br /> ESA/<br /> ASI
| 26 April 1998
| rowspan="2" | flyby
| rowspan="2" | success
| rowspan="2" | gravity assist en route to Saturn
| rowspan="2" | 50px
| rowspan="2" |
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| 24 June 1999
|}
Since 2006
{| class="wikitable sticky-header" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:left; width:15%;"| Spacecraft
! style="text-align:left; width:11%;"| Organization
! style="text-align:left; width:17%;"| Date
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Type
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Status
! style="text-align:left; width:24%;"| Notes
! style="text-align:left; width:7%;"| Image
! style="text-align:left; width:6%;"| Ref
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Venus Express
| ESA
| 11 April 2006 – 18 January 2015
| orbiter
| success
| atmospheric studies; planetary imaging; magnetic observations
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | MESSENGER
| rowspan="2" | NASA
| 24 October 2006
| rowspan="2" | flyby
| success
| gravity assist only; minimum distance 2990 km
| rowspan="2" | 50px
| rowspan="2" |
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| 6 June 2007
| success
| minimum distance 300 km; en route to Mercury
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Akatsuki<br>(PLANET-C)
| rowspan="2" | JAXA
| style="background:#F2F2F2" | 6 December 2010 (Venus flyby)
| style="background:#F2F2F2" | orbiter
| style="background:#F2F2F2" | failure
| rowspan="2" | failed orbital insertion in 2010; success in 2015<br/>science mission began May 2016, contact lost April 2024, end of mission declared 18 September 2025
| rowspan="2" | 50px
| rowspan="2" |
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| 7 December 2015 (orbital insertion) – 29 May 2024
| orbiter
| success
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | IKAROS
| JAXA
| 8 December 2010
| flyby
| success
| solar sail technology development / interplanetary space exploration
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
| colspan="2" | Shin'en<br>(UNITEC-1)
| UNISEC
| December 2010?
| flyby
| failure
| contact lost shortly after launch
|
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" | Parker Solar Probe
| rowspan="3" | NASA
| 10 October 2018
| rowspan="3" | flyby
| rowspan="3" | success
| rowspan="3" | gravity assist en route to solar corona
| rowspan="3" | 50px
| rowspan="3" |
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" | Solar Orbiter
| rowspan="1" | ESA
| 27 December 2020
| rowspan="1" | flyby
| rowspan="1" | success
| rowspan="1" | gravity assist en route to inclined heliocentric orbit for solar polar observations
| rowspan="1" |
| rowspan="1" |
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | Solar Orbiter
| ESA
| December 2026
| flyby
| en route
| gravity assist en route to inclined heliocentric orbit
|
|
| orbiter
| success
| studying climate and geology; communications relay for Spirit and Opportunity rovers <br/> longest surviving spacecraft in orbit around a planet other than Earth
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
| colspan="2" | Nozomi
| ISAS
| 14 December 2003
| orbiter
| failure
| failed to attain Mars orbit, became flyby
|
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | Mars Express
| ESA
| 25 December 2003 – still active as of October 2024
| orbiter
| success
| surface imaging and mapping; first European probe in Martian orbit
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
|
| Beagle 2
| UK
| 25 December 2003
| lander
| failure
| Deployed by the Mars Express; lost for 11 years and imaged by NASA's MRO in 2015
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Mars Exploration Rover-A "Spirit"
| NASA
| 4 January 2004 – 22 March 2010
| rover
| success
| became stuck in May 2009; then operating as a static science station until contact lost in March 2010
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Mars Exploration Rover-B "Opportunity"
| NASA
| 25 January 2004 – 10 June 2018
| rover
| success
| lost contact 10 June 2018 due to 2018 global dust storm. NASA concluded mission on 13 February 2019 after failed communication attempts since August 2018.
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
| NASA
| 10 March 2006 – still active as of October 2024
| orbiter
| success
| surface imaging and surveying
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Rosetta
| ESA
| 25 February 2007
| flyby
| success
| gravity assist en route to asteroid and comet encounters
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Phoenix
| NASA
| 25 May 2008 –<br />10 November 2008
| lander
| success
| collection of soil samples near the northern pole to search for water and investigate Mars' geological history and biological potential
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Dawn
| NASA
| 17 February 2009
| flyby
| success
| gravity assist en route to Vesta and Ceres
| 50px
|
|}
2011–2018
{| class="wikitable sticky-header" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:left; width:15%;"| Spacecraft
! style="text-align:left; width:11%;"| Organization
! style="text-align:left; width:17%;"| Date
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Type
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Status
! style="text-align:left; width:24%;"| Notes
! style="text-align:left; width:7%;"| Image
! style="text-align:left; width:6%;"| Ref
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
| colspan="2" | Fobos-Grunt
| RKA
| rowspan="2" | 8 November 2011 (launch)
| orbiter and Phobos sample return
| rowspan="2" |failure
| rowspan="2" |failed to escape Earth orbit
|
|
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
|
| Yinghuo-1
| CNSA
| orbiter
|
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity
| NASA
| 6 August 2012 –
| rover
| success
| investigation of past and present habitability, climate and geology
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Mangalyaan / Mars Orbiter Mission
| ISRO
| 24 September 2014 – 27 September 2022
| orbiter
| success
| first Indian spacecraft to orbit another planet, studying Martian atmosphere; mineralogical mapping.
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | MAVEN
| NASA
| 25 September 2014 –
| orbiter
| success
| studying Martian atmosphere
| 50px
|
|-style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (ExoMars 2016)
| ESA/<br /> RKA
| 19 October 2016 –
| orbiter
| success
| atmospheric gas analysis; communication relay for surface probes
| 50px
| rowspan="2" |
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
|
| Schiaparelli EDM lander
| ESA
| 19 October 2016
| lander
| failure
| landing test, meteorological observation, crashed upon landing
| 50px
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | InSight
| NASA
| 26 November 2018 – 21 December 2022
| lander
| success
|studied the deep interior of Mars, with a seismometer and a heat-flow probe.
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
|
| MarCO A "WALL-E"
| NASA
| 26 November 2018
| flyby
| success
| rowspan="2" | relaying data from InSight during its entry, descent, and landing
| rowspan="2" | left|50px
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
|
| MarCO B "EVE"
| NASA
| 26 November 2018
| flyby
| success
|
|}
Since 2020
{| class="wikitable sticky-header" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:left; width:15%;"| Spacecraft
! style="text-align:left; width:11%;"| Organization
! style="text-align:left; width:17%;"| Date
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Type
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Status
! style="text-align:left; width:24%;"| Notes
! style="text-align:left; width:7%;"| Image
! style="text-align:left; width:6%;"| Ref
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | Emirates Mars Mission
| MBRSC
| 9 February 2021 –
| orbiter
| in orbit
| conduct studies of Martian atmosphere
|
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | Tianwen-1 orbiter
| CNSA
| 10 February 2021 -
| orbiter
| in orbit
| orbital studies of Martian surface morphology, soil, and atmosphere
| rowspan="6"|
| rowspan="6" |
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
|
| Tianwen-1 Deployable Camera 1
| CNSA
| ~10 February 2021
| flyby (post mission)
| success
| imaged Tianwen-1 in deep space
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
|
| Tianwen-1 Deployable Camera 2
| CNSA
| 10 February 2021 (released on 31 December 2021)
| orbiter
| success
| imaged Tianwen-1 orbiter and Northern Mars Ice Caps from Mars orbit.
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
|
| Tianwen-1 lander
| CNSA
| 14 May 2021
| lander
| success
| Reaches end of designed lifespan after successful soft landing.
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
|
| Zhurong
| CNSA
| 22 May 2021 - 5 May 2022
| rover
| success
|in-situ studies of Martian surface morphology, soil, and atmosphere
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
|
| Tianwen-1 Remote Camera
| CNSA
| 1 June 2021
| lander
| success
| imaged Tianwen-1 lander and Zhurong rover on Mars
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | Mars 2020 Perseverance
| NASA
| 18 February 2021 -
| rover
|landed
| investigate past and present habitability, climate, and geology; produce O<sub>2</sub> from CO<sub>2</sub>; collect samples for Mars Sample Return Mission
| 50px
| rowspan="2" |
|-style="background:#EFE7B8"
|
| Mars Helicopter Ingenuity
| NASA
| 3 April 2021 - 25 January 2024
| autonomous UAV helicopter
| success
| experimental scout for the Perseverance rover. Took 1st flight successfully from takeoff to landing.
| 50px
|-style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Europa Clipper
| NASA
| 1 March 2025
| flyby
| success
| gravity assist en route to Jupiter
| 50px
|
|-style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Hera
| ESA
| 12 March 2025
| flyby
| success
| gravity assist en route to Didymos
| 50px
|
|-style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | Psyche
| NASA
| 13 October 2023 (launch)<br>May 2026 (flyby)
| flyby
| enroute
| gravity assist en route to Psyche
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | ESCAPADE Blue
| NASA
| 13 November 2025 (launch)
| orbiter
| enroute
| conduct studies of Martian magenetosphere
|
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | ESCAPADE Gold
| NASA
| 13 November 2025 (launch)
| orbiter
| enroute
| conduct studies of Martian magenetosphere
|
|
|}
Phobos probes
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; font-size:95%;"
! colspan="2" style="text-align:left; width:15%;"| Spacecraft
! style="text-align:left; width:11%;"| Organization
! style="text-align:left; width:17%;"| Date
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Type
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Status
! style="text-align:left; width:24%;"| Notes
! style="text-align:left; width:7%;"| Image
! style="text-align:left; width:6%;"| Ref
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
| colspan="2" | Phobos 1
| USSR
| 7 July 1988 (launch)
| flyby
| failure
| contact lost en route to Mars
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
|
| DAS
| USSR
| 2 September 1988
| fixed lander
| failure
| never deployed
|
|
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
| colspan="2" | Phobos 2
| USSR
| 27 March 1989 (contact lost)
| flyby
| failure
| attained Mars orbit; contact lost prior to deployment of lander
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
|
| DAS
| USSR
| 27 March 1989
| fixed lander
| failure
| never deployed
|
|
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
|
| "Frog"
| USSR
| 27 March 1989
| mobile lander
| failure
| never deployed
|
|
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
| colspan="2" | Fobos-Grunt
| RKA
| 8 November 2011 (launch)
| sample return
| failure
| failed to escape Earth orbit; launched with Yinghuo-1 Mars orbiter
|
|
<!--|-
| colspan="2" | MMX
| JAXA
| 2026 (launch) <br/> 2027 (arrival)
| sample return
| planned
| return sample in 2031
|
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|
| MMX rover
| CNES/<br /> DLR
| 2027
| rover
| planned
|
|-->
|}
Ceres probes
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; font-size:95%;"
! colspan="2" style="text-align:left; width:15%;"| Spacecraft
! style="text-align:left; width:11%;"| Organization
! style="text-align:left; width:17%;"| Date
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Type
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Status
! style="text-align:left; width:24%;"| Notes
! style="text-align:left; width:7%;"| Image
! style="text-align:left; width:6%;"| Ref
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Dawn
| NASA
| 6 March 2015 – 1 November 2018
| orbiter
| success
| first spacecraft to orbit two different celestial bodies; previously visited Vesta
| 50px
|
|}
Asteroid probes
{| class="wikitable sticky-header" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! style="text-align:left" | Target
! colspan="2" style="text-align:left" | Spacecraft
! style="text-align:left" | Organization
! style="text-align:left" | Date
! style="text-align:left" | Type
! style="text-align:left" | Status
! style="text-align:left" | Notes
! style="width:50px; text-align:left;"| Image
! style="width:50px; text-align:left;"| Ref
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| 951 Gaspra
| colspan="2" | Galileo
| NASA
| 29 October 1991
| flyby
| success
| en route to Jupiter; minimum distance 1900 km
| 50px
|
| flyby
| failure
| launched with Hayabusa2 in 2014; mission abandoned after ion thruster failure
|
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| rowspan="7" | 162173 Ryugu
| colspan="2" | Hayabusa2
| JAXA
| 27 June 2018 – 13 November 2019
| sample return
| success
| asteroid rendezvous in June 2018, sample capture in 2019; returned sample to Earth on 5 December 2020
|
| rowspan="7" |
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
|
| Minerva II-1A
| JAXA
| 21 September 2018
| hopper
| success
|
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
|
| Minerva II-1B
| JAXA
| 21 September 2018
| hopper
| success
|
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
|
| MASCOT
| DLR/<br /> CNES
| 3 October 2018
| mobile lander
| success
|
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
|
| SCI
| JAXA
| 5 April 2019
| impactor
| success
|
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
|
| DCAM-3
| JAXA
| 5 April 2019
| orbiter
| success
| observing SCI's impact, and the ejecta created by the impact
|
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
|
| Minerva II-2
| JAXA
| 2 October 2019
| hopper
| failure
| Rover failed before deployment, it was deployed in orbit around the asteroid to perform gravitational measurements before it impacted on 8 October 2019.
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| 101955 Bennu
| colspan="2" | OSIRIS-REx
| NASA
| August 2018
| sample return
| success
| orbital insertion in 2018, sample capture in 2020, a flyby in 2021, return to Earth in 2023
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
| 2002 GT
| colspan="2" | Deep Impact
| NASA
| January 2020
| flyby
| failure
| contact lost; previously visited comet 103P/Hartley
| 50px
|
|-style="background:#EFE7B8"
| rowspan="2" | 65803 Didymos
| colspan="2" | DART
| NASA
| 26 September 2022
| flyby/impactor
| success
| kinetic impactor of Dimorphos to test planetary defense
| 50px
| rowspan="2" |
|-style="background:#EFE7B8"
|
| LICIACube
| ASI
| 26 September 2022
| flyby
| success
| observe DART's impact
|50px
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
| 2020 GE (tentative)
| colspan="2" | Near-Earth Asteroid Scout
| NASA
| 16 November 2022 (launch)
| flyby
| failure
| Small spacecraft asteroid flyby technology demonstration. Communication failure
| 50px
|
|-style="background:#EFE7B8"
| 152830 Dinkinesh
| colspan="2" | Lucy
| NASA
| 1 November 2023
| flyby
| success
| main-belt asteroid flyby en route to Jupiter Trojans; minimum distance 425 km; discovered a natural satellite of the asteroid
| 50px
|
|
|
|-style="background:#CCFFD9"
| 469219 Kamooalewa
| colspan="2" | Tianwen-2 (ZhengHe)
| CNSA
| 29 May 2025 (launch) <br/> 7 June 2026 (orbit)
| sample return
| en route
| orbit then return sample from an Apollo NEA
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| 98943 Torifune
| colspan="2" | Hayabusa2
| JAXA
| 2026
| flyby
| en route
|
|
|
|-
|-style="background:#CCFFD9"
| 3548 Eurybates
| colspan="2" | Lucy
| NASA
| August 2027
| flyby
| en route
|First flyby of a Jupiter trojan
| 50px
|
|-style="background:#CCFFD9"
| 15094 Polymele
| colspan="2" | Lucy
| NASA
| September 2027
| flyby
| en route
|
| 50px
|
|-style="background:#CCFFD9"
| rowspan="3" | 65803 Didymos
| colspan="2" | Hera
| ESA
| 2027
| orbiter
| en route
| studying effects of DART's impact on the asteroid
| rowspan=4|50px
| rowspan="3" | -->
|-style="background:#CCFFD9"
| 11351 Leucus
| colspan="2" | Lucy
| NASA
| April 2028
| flyby
| en route
|
| 50px
|
|-style="background:#CCFFD9"
| 21900 Orus
| colspan="2" | Lucy
| NASA
| November 2028
| flyby
| en route
|
| 50px
|
<!--|-
| 3200 Phaethon
| colspan="2" | DESTINY<sup>+</sup>
| JAXA
| 2024 (launch) <br/> 2028 (flyby)
| flyby
| planned
|First flyby of a rock comet
|
| -->
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| 99942 Apophis
| colspan="2" | OSIRIS-APEX (formerly OSIRIS-REx)
| NASA
| 21 April 2029
| orbiter
| en route
| study of a C-type asteroid in 2029
| 50px
|
|-style="background:#CCFFD9"
| 16 Psyche
| colspan="2" | Psyche
| NASA
| 13 October 2023 (launch) <br/> August 2029 (arrival)
| orbiter
| en route
| Selected for mission #14 of NASA's Discovery Program to explore a metallic asteroid.
| 50px
|
| orbiter
| success
| First solar-powered Jupiter orbiter, first mission to achieve a polar orbit of Jupiter.
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | JUICE
| ESA
| 14 April 2023 (launch)
| orbiter
| en route
| mission to study Jupiter's three icy moons Callisto, Europa and Ganymede, eventually orbiting Ganymede as the first spacecraft to orbit a satellite of another planet.
| 50px
|
|-style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | Europa Clipper
| NASA
| 14 October 2024 (launch)<br>11 April 2030 (planned)
| orbiter
| en route
| planned to orbit Jupiter and fly by Europa multiple times
| 50px
|
|-
| colspan="2" | IHP-2
| CNSA
| 2025 (launch), 2033 (Jupiter closest approach)
| flyby
| under study
| Proposed Interstellar Heliosphere Probe with Jovian gravity assist (and later Neptune and KBO flybys)
|
| -->
|}
Ganymede probes
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; font-size:95%;"
! colspan="2" style="text-align:left; width:15%;"| Spacecraft
! style="text-align:left; width:11%;"| Organization
! style="text-align:left; width:17%;"| Date
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Type
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Status
! style="text-align:left; width:24%;"| Notes
! style="text-align:left; width:7%;"| Image
! style="text-align:left; width:6%;"| Ref
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| colspan="2" | JUICE
| ESA
| 14 April 2023 (launch)
| orbiter
| en route
| mission to study Jupiter's three icy moons Callisto, Europa and Ganymede, eventually orbiting Ganymede as the first spacecraft to orbit a satellite of another planet.
| 50px
|
<!--|-
| Dragonfly
| NASA
| July 2028
| rotorcraft lander
| planned
| planned lander and aircraft, study prebiotic chemistry and extraterrestrial habitability.
| 50px
| -->
|}
Uranus probes
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; font-size:95%;"
! colspan="2" style="text-align:left; width:15%;"| Spacecraft
! style="text-align:left; width:11%;"| Organization
! style="text-align:left; width:17%;"| Date
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Type
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Status
! style="text-align:left; width:24%;"| Notes
! style="text-align:left; width:7%;"| Image
! style="text-align:left; width:6%;"| Ref
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Voyager 2
| NASA
| 24 January 1986
| flyby
| success
| previously visited Jupiter and Saturn; went on to visit Neptune
| 50px
|
<!--|-
| colspan="2" | Tianwen-4
| CNSA
| 2029 or early 2030s
| flyby
| planned
| Planned Jupiter orbiter with attached Uranus probe
|
|
|-
| colspan="2" | Uranus Orbiter and Probe
| NASA
| 2031
| Orbiter and Probe
| under study
| highest priority Flagship-class mission by the 2023–2032 Planetary Science Decadal Survey
|
| -->
|}
Neptune probes
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; font-size:95%;"
! colspan="2" style="text-align:left; width:15%;"| Spacecraft
! style="text-align:left; width:11%;"| Organization
! style="text-align:left; width:17%;"| Date
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Type
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Status
! style="text-align:left; width:24%;"| Notes
! style="text-align:left; width:7%;"| Image
! style="text-align:left; width:6%;"| Ref
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| colspan="2" | Voyager 2
| NASA
| 25 August 1989
| flyby
| success
| previously visited Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus
| 50px
|
<!--|-
| colspan="2" | IHP-2
| CNSA
| 2024 (launch), 2038 (Neptune closest approach)
| flyby
| under study
| Proposed heliosphere probe with Neptunian flyby and possible atmospheric probe
|
|
|-->
|}
Kuiper belt probes
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; font-size:95%;"
! style="text-align:left" | Target
! colspan="2" style="text-align:left" | Spacecraft
! style="text-align:left" | Organization
! style="text-align:left" | Date
! style="text-align:left" | Type
! style="text-align:left" | Status
! style="text-align:left" | Notes
! style="width:50px; text-align:left;"| Image
! style="width:50px; text-align:left;"| Ref
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
|
| colspan="2" | New Horizons
| NASA
| 1 January 2019
| flyby
| success
| extended mission after Pluto; may flyby another object in 2020s.
| 50px
|
<!-- |-
|To Be Determined
| colspan="2" | IHP-2
| CNSA
| 2024 (launch,) after 2038 (KBO flyby)
| flyby
| under study
| Proposed Interstellar Heliosphere Probe with potential KBO target
|
| <!--still active (as of April 2008)-->
| style="width:50px;"| 50px
| style="width:50px;"|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| Spitzer Space Telescope
| NASA
| 25 August 2003 (launch) –<br>30 January 2020 (end)
| Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit
| success
| infrared astronomy
|
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| Kepler
| NASA
| 6 March 2009 (launch) - 2018
| Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit
| success
| search for extrasolar planets
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| Herschel Space Observatory
| ESA
| 14 May 2009 (launch)
| Lissajous orbit around Sun-Earth L2 point
| success
| study of formation and evolution of galaxies and stars
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| Planck
| ESA
| 14 May 2009 (launch) - 2013
| Lissajous orbit around Sun-Earth L2 point
| success
| cosmic microwave background observations
|
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| IKAROS
| JAXA
| rowspan="2" | 20 May 2010 (launch)
| rowspan="2" | Earth-Venus transfer heliocentric orbit
| operational
| solar sail technology development / interplanetary space exploration
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| Shin'en 2
| Kyushu Institute of Technology
| rowspan="2" | 3 December 2014 (launch)
| rowspan="2" | heliocentric orbit
| success
| amateur radio satellite / material demonstration
|
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| ARTSAT2:DESPATCH
| Tama Art University
| success
| deep space artwork / amateur radio satellite
|
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| LISA Pathfinder
| ESA
| 3 December 2015 (launch) –<br>30 June 2017 (end)
| Halo orbit around Sun-Earth L1 point
| success
| test mission for proposed LISA gravitational wave observatory
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| Spektr-RG
|
| 13 July 2019 (launch)
| Halo orbit around Sun-Earth L2 point
| operational
| X-ray astronomy
|
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| Chang'e 5
| CNSA
| 23 November 2020 (launch) -<br>30 August 2021 (left L1)
| Halo orbit about Sun-Earth L1 point
| success
| test mission post lunar sample return
|
|
|-style="background:#CCFFD9"
| James Webb Space Telescope
| NASA <br /> ESA<br /> CSA
| 25 December 2021 (launch)
| Sun-Earth L2 point
| in orbit
| infrared astronomy
| 50px
|
|-style="background:#CCFFD9"
|ArgoMoon
| ASI
| rowspan="3" |16 November 2022 (launch)
|High Earth Orbit with Lunar Flybys (heliocentric)
| in orbit
|image the ICPS and perform deep space Nanotechnology experiments.
|50x50px
|
|-style="background:#CCFFD9"
|BioSentinel
| NASA
| rowspan="2" |heliocentric orbit
| in orbit
|it contains yeast cards that will be rehydrated in space, designed to detect, measure, and compare the effects of deep space radiation.
|50px
|
|-style="background:#F2F2F2"
|Team Miles
| Fluid & Reason
| failure
|demonstrate low-thrust plasma propulsion in deep space. Deployed, but contact was not established.
|
|
|- style="background:#F2F2F2"
|CuSP
| NASA
|16 November 2022
|heliocentric orbit
|failure
|study particles and magnetic fields.
|50px
|
|-style="background:#CCFFD9"
| Euclid
| ESA
| 1 July 2023 (launch)
| Halo orbit around Sun-Earth L2 point
| enroute
| measure the rate of expansion of the Universe through time to better understand dark energy and dark matter
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#EFE7B8"
| Chang'e 6
| CNSA
| 3 May 2024 (launch)
| Halo orbit about Sun-Earth L2 point
| success
| on extended test mission post lunar sample return
|
| <br/>
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| IMAP
| NASA
| 24 September 2025 (launch)
| Halo orbit around Sun-Earth L1 point
| operational
| Heliophysics
| 50px
|
|- style="background:#CCFFD9"
| Carruthers Geocorona Observatory
| NASA
| 24 September 2025 (launch)
| Halo orbit around Sun-Earth L1 point
| operational
| ultraviolet observations of Earth
| 50px
|
|}
See also
- Lists of spacecraft
- List of uncrewed spacecraft by program
- Discovery and exploration of the Solar System
- List of space telescopes
- Sample return mission
- Timeline of Solar System exploration
- List of interplanetary voyages
- List of missions to the outer planets
References
External links
- Planetary Society: Cassini's Tour of the Saturn System