List of Hessian monarchs

thumb|right|Royal Standard of the Grand Duke of Hesse 1903–1918

This is a list of monarchs of Hesse () during the history of Hesse on west-central Germany. These monarchs belonged to a dynasty collectively known as the House of Hesse and the House of Brabant, originally the Reginar. Hesse was ruled as a landgraviate, electorate and later as a grand duchy until 1918.

The title of all of the following monarchs was "landgrave" () unless otherwise noted.

Landgraviate of Hesse

In the early Middle Ages the Hessengau territory (named after the Germanic Chatti tribes) formed the northern parts of the German stem duchy of Franconia along with the adjacent Lahngau. Upon the extinction of the ducal Conradines, these Rhenish Franconian counties were gradually acquired by Landgrave Louis I of Thuringia and his successors.

After the War of the Thuringian Succession upon the death of Landgrave Henry Raspe in 1247, his niece Duchess Sophia of Brabant secured the Hessian possessions for her minor son Henry the Child, who would become the first landgrave of Hesse and founder of the House of Hesse in 1246. The remaining Thuringian landgraviate fell to the Wettin margrave Henry III of Meissen. Henry I of Hesse was raised to princely status by King Adolf of Germany in 1292.

Rulers of Hesse

Ludovingian dynasty and House of Hesse

Partitions of Hesse under Ludowingian and Hesse families

{|align="center" style="border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;"

| colspan=7 style="background: #fff;" |Lordship of Hesse-Gudensberg As part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia, inherited through marriage Gudensberg separated in 1140-1157, 1172-1180 and 1227-1240) (1123-1264)

| colspan=7 style="background: #eee;" |War of the Thuringian Succession (1247-1264): Hesse was separated from Thuringia

| colspan=7 style="background: #fff;" |Landgraviate of Hesse Ludovingian matrilineal line; Briefly divided in Lower Hesse and Upper Hesse in 1308-1311 and 1458-1500 (1264–1567)

| colspan=4 style="background: #def;" |Landgraviate of Cassel (1567–1803)

| colspan=1 style="background: #fbd;" |Landgraviate of Rheinfels (1st creation) (1567–1583)

| colspan=1 style="background: #fea898;" |Landgraviate of Marburg (1567–1604)

| colspan=1 style="background: #ceb;" |Landgraviate of Darmstadt (1567–1806)

| colspan=5 style="background: #def;" |

| colspan=2 style="background: #ceb;" |

| colspan=3 style="background: #def;" |

| colspan=1 style="background: #aed;" |

| colspan=1 style="background: #fbd;" |Landgraviate of Rheinfels (2nd creation) (1627–1658)

| colspan=1 rowspan="5" style="background: #dcb;" |Landgraviate of Homburg (1st creation) (1622–1806)

| colspan=1 style="background: #ceb;" |

| colspan=2 style="background: #dce;" |

| colspan=1 rowspan="4" style="background: #def;" |Raised to: Electorate of Hesse (1st creation) (1803–1807)

| colspan=2 style="background: #aed;" |

| colspan=1 style="background: #ceb;" |

| colspan=1 rowspan="3" style="background: #ada;" |Landgraviate of Barchfeld (1st creation) (1721–1807)

| colspan=1 rowspan="3" style="background: #dce;" |Landgraviate of Philippsthal (1st creation) (1663–1807)

| colspan=1 style="background: #aed;" |

| colspan=1 style="background: #ecf;" |Landgraviate of Wanfried (1700–1755)

| colspan=1 style="background: #ceb;" |

| colspan=2 rowspan="2" style="background: #aed;" |Landgraviate of Rotenburg (1st creation) (1627–1807)

| colspan=1 style="background: #ceb;" |

| colspan=1 style="background: #ceb;" |Raised to: Grand Duchy of Hesse (1806–1918)

| colspan=5 style="background: #eee;" |Annexed to the Kingdom of Westphalia

| colspan=2 style="background: #ceb;" |

| colspan=1 rowspan="2" style="background: #ada;" |Landgraviate of Barchfeld (2nd creation) (1813–1866)

| colspan=1 rowspan="2" style="background: #dce;" |Landgraviate of Philippsthal (2nd creation) (1813–1866)

| colspan=1 style="background: #def;" |Electorate of Hesse (2nd creation) (1813–1866)

| colspan=2 style="background: #aed;" |Landgraviate of Rotenburg (2nd creation) (1813–1834)

| colspan=1 rowspan="2" style="background: #dcb;" |Landgraviate of Homburg (2nd creation) (1815–1866)

| colspan=1 rowspan="3" style="background: #ceb;" |

| colspan=3 style="background: #def;" |

| colspan=6 style="background: #eee;" |Annexed to the Kingdom of Prussia

Table of rulers

{| class="wikitable sticky-header"

! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Born!!Reign!!Ruling part!!Consort!!Death!!Notes

|- style="background:#ggg"

|colspan=8 align=center|Ludovingian dynasty

|- style="background:#fff"

| ||

|align=center|c.1090 Second son of Louis the Springer, count in Thuringia and Adelaide of Stade

|align=center|1123 – 1130||Lordship of Gudensberg (in Hesse)|| 1123 no children

|align=center|1130 aged 39–40|| A second son, didn't inherit the main property of his family. First recorded Ludowingian ruler in the Hessian region, through marriage with the widow of Giso IV, Count of Gudensberg. As he didn't leave descendants, Gudensberg passed to his brother and his respective wife, who was Kunigunde and Giso's daughter.

|- style="background:#fff"

| Louis I || 100px

|align=center|c.1090 First son of Louis the Springer, count in Thuringia and Adelaide of Stade

|align=center|c.1130 – 12 January 1140||Lordship of Hesse (as part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia)||Hedwig of Gudensberg 1110 six children

|align=center|12 January 1140 aged 49–50|| First recorded Landgrave of Thuringia. Despite brother of Henry Raspe, he could only inherit the Hessian possessions after marrying Hedwig, daughter of Giso IV and step-daughter of his brother.

|-style="background:#fff"

|colspan="7" align="center"| Regency of Hedwig of Gudensberg (1140-1142)

|rowspan="3"| Children of Louis I, divided their inheritance. Henry Raspe II died with no children, and Gudensberg returned to the main Thuringian line.

|- style="background:#fff"

| Louis II of Iron || 100px

|align=center|1128 First son of Louis I and Hedwig of Gudensberg

|align=center|12 January 1140 – 14 October 1172||Lordship of Hesse (as part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia)||Judith of Hohenstaufen 1150 five children

|align=center|14 October 1172 Freyburg aged 43–44

|- style="background:#fff"

| || 100px

|align=center|c.1130 Second son of Louis I and Hedwig of Gudensberg

|align=center|12 January 1140 – 1157||Lordship of Hesse (as part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia, in Gudensberg)||Unmarried

|align=center|1157 aged 26–27

|- style="background:#fff"

| Louis III the Mild || 100px

|align=center|1151 First son of Louis II and Judith of Hohenstaufen

|align=center|14 October 1172 – 16 October 1190||Lordship of Hesse (as part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia)|| 1172 one child Sophia of Minsk 1184 no children

|align=center|16 October 1190 near Cyprus aged 43–44

|rowspan="2"| Children of Louis II, divided their inheritance. Henry Raspe III died with no children, and Gudensberg returned to the main Thuringian line. Louis III also didn't leave male inheritors, and all of the family's inheritance was reunited in his younger brother Herman.

|- style="background:#fff"

| ||

|align=center|c.1155 Second son of Louis II and Judith of Hohenstaufen

|align=center|14 October 1172 – 18 July 1180||Lordship of Hesse (as part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia, in Gudensberg)||Unmarried

|align=center|18 July 1180 aged 26–27

|- style="background:#fff"

| Herman I the Hard || 100px

|align=center|1155 Third son of Louis II and Judith of Hohenstaufen

|align=center|16 October 1190 – 25 April 1217||Lordship of Hesse (as part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia)||Sophia of Sommerschenburg (d.1190) 1182 two children Sophia of Wittelsbach 1196 six children

|align=center|25 April 1217 Gotha aged 61–62||

|- style="background:#fff"

| Louis IV the Holy || 100px

|align=center|28 October 1200 Creuzburg First son of Herman I and Sophia of Wittelsbach

|align=center|25 April 1217 – 11 September 1227||Lordship of Hesse (as part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia)||Elizabeth of Hungary 1220 Wartburg three children

|align=center|11 September 1227 Otranto aged 26|| His death on his way to Crusade, leaving home with minor children, caused political turmoil in Thuringia regarding his succession.

|-style="background:#fff"

|colspan="7" align="center"| Regency of Henry Raspe of Thuringia (1227-1241)

|rowspan="3"| After Louis IV's death, his brother Henry Raspe took regency on behalf of his young nephew but never liberated him from his control; some historians have even accused Henry of poisoning the youth. Henry Raspe's brother, Conrad (Grand Master of the Teutonic Order since 1239) aided him in his consolidation of power, and ruled in Hesse and Gudensberg.

|- style="background:#fff"

| Herman II || 100px

|align=center|28 March 1222 Creuzburg Son of Louis IV and Elizabeth of Hungary

|align=center|11 September 1227 – 3 January 1241||Lordship of Hesse (as part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia)|| 1239 no children

|align=center|3 January 1241 Creuzburg aged 18

|- style="background:#fff"

| Conrad || 100px

|align=center|1206 Third son of Herman I and Sophia of Wittelsbach

|align=center|11 September 1227 – 24 July 1240||Lordship of Hesse (as part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia, in Gudensberg)||Unmarried

|align=center|24 July 1240 Rome aged 33–34

|- style="background:#fff"

| Henry Raspe IV || 100px

|align=center|1204 Second son of Herman I and Sophia of Wittelsbach

|align=center|3 January 1241 – 16 February 1247||Lordship of Hesse (as part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia)||Elisabeth of Brandenburg 1228 no children 1238 no children Beatrice of Brabant 1241 no children

|align=center|16 February 1247 Wartburg aged 42–43|| After Herman II's death, and after being his regent, ascended alone to the Thuringian inheritance. He claimed the title of King of the Romans, but his claim rapidly fell out of favor. Left no descendants, which opened the War of the Thuringian Succession.

|- style="background:#fff"

| Sophia || 100px

|align=center|20 March 1224 Daughter of Louis IV and Elizabeth of Hungary

|align=center|16 February 1247 – 1264||Lordship of Hesse (during the War of the Thuringian Succession)||Henry II, Duke of Brabant 1241 two children

|align=center|29 May 1275 Marburg aged 51|| Through marriage, she became stepmother of Beatrice, the third wife of her uncle. Sophia fought for her inheritance against her cousin, Henry III, Margrave of Meissen. Eventually kept a part of the old Landgraviate of Thuringia, of which she abdicated in 1264 to her son.

|- style="background:#ggg"

|colspan=8 align=center|House of Hesse (Matrilineal Ludowingian line)

|- style="background:#fff"

| Henry I the Child || 100px

|align=center|24 June 1244 Marburg Son of Henry II, Duke of Brabant and Sophia

|align=center|1264 – 21 December 1308||Landgraviate of Hesse|| 1263 seven children 1276 seven children

|align=center|21 December 1308 Marburg aged 64|| In 1264, he was recognized as legitimate owner of Hesse, establishing his mother's partial victory in the War of the Thuringian Succession.

|-style="background:#fff"

|| Otto I the Elder ||

|align=center|1272 Son of Henry I and

|align=center|21 December 1308 – 17 January 1328||Landgraviate of Hesse (at Upper Hesse until 1311)|| 1297 Marburg five children

|align=center|17 January 1328 aged 55–56

|rowspan="2"|Children of Henry I, divided Hesse. After the John's death with no descendants, Otto reunited Hesse.

|-style="background:#def"

| John ||

|align=center|1278 Son of Henry I and

|align=center|21 December 1308 – 14 February 1311||Landgraviate of Lower Hesse|| 1306 one child

|align=center|14 February 1311 Kassel aged 32–33

|-style="background:#fff"

| Henry II the Iron ||

|align=center|1299 First son of Otto I and

|align=center|17 January 1328 – 3 June 1376

|rowspan="2"|Landgraviate of Hesse||Elisabeth of Thuringia 1321 five children

|align=center|3 June 1376 Kassel aged 76–77

|rowspan="4"| Sons of Otto I, divided their inheritance. In 1336, Henry associated his son Otto to his rule.

|-style="background:#fff"

| Otto II the Younger ||

|align=center|1322 Son of Henry II and Elisabeth of Thuringia

|align=center|1340 – December 1366||Elisabeth of Cleves 1338 no children

|align=center|December 1366 Spangenberg aged 43–44

|-style="background:#fff"

| Louis (I) the Younger ||

|align=center|1305 First son of Otto I and

|align=center|17 January 1328 – 2 February 1345||Landgraviate of Hesse (at Grebenstein)||Elisabeth of Sponheim-Kreuznach 15 October 1340 three children

|align=center|2 February 1345 aged 39–40

|-style="background:#fff"

| Herman I the Elder ||

|align=center|1305 First son of Otto I and

|align=center|17 January 1328 – 1370||Landgraviate of Hesse (at )||Unmarried

|align=center|1370 aged 64–65

|-style="background:#fff"

| Herman II the Scholar ||

|align=center|1341 Grebenstein Son of Louis (I) the Younger and Elisabeth of Sponheim-Kreuznach

|align=center|1376 – 24 May 1413||Landgraviate of Hesse (in co-rulership since 1366)|| 3 February 1377 no children Margaret of Nuremberg 15 October 1383 Kulmbach eight children

|align=center|24 May 1413 Spangenberg aged 71–72||

|-style="background:#fff"

| Louis I the Peaceful ||

|align=center|6 February 1402 Spangenberg Son of Herman II and Margaret of Nuremberg

|align=center|24 May 1413 – 17 January 1458||Landgraviate of Hesse||Anna of Saxony 8 September 1433 Kassel five children

|align=center|17 January 1458 Spangenberg aged 55|| At his death, Hesse was once again divided.

|-style="background:#def"

| Louis II the Frank || 100px

|align=center|7 September 1438 First son of Louis I and Anna of Saxony

|align=center|17 January 1458 – 8 November 1471||Landgraviate of Lower Hesse|| 1454 four children

|align=center|8 November 1471 aged 33

|rowspan="3" style="background:#fff"|Children of Louis I, divided Hesse between them. Henry III associated his son Louis III in a co-rulership.

|-style="background:#fea898"

| Henry III the Rich || 100px

|align=center|15 October 1440 Spangenberg Second son of Louis I and Anna of Saxony

|align=center|17 January 1458 – 13 January 1483

|rowspan="2"|Landgraviate of Upper Hesse||Anna of Katzenelnbogen 1458 six children

|align=center|13 January 1483 Marburg aged 42

|-style="background:#fea898"

| Louis III the Younger ||

|align=center|November 1461 First son of Henry III and Anna of Katzenelnbogen

|align=center|1474 – 2 July 1478||Unmarried

|align=center|2 July 1478 aged 16

|-style="background:#def"

| William I the Elder ||

|align=center|4 July 1466 Kassel First son of Louis II and

|align=center|8 November 1471 – 3 June 1493||Landgraviate of Lower Hesse|| 17 February 1488 Münden five children

|align=center|8 February 1515 Spangenberg aged 40||Didn't have male heirs. Abdicated in 1493 to his brother, also named William.

|-style="background:#fea898"

|colspan="7" align="center"| Regency of Herman IV, Archbishop of Cologne and Hans Hofman of Dörnberg (1483-1489)

|rowspan="2"|Died without heirs.

|-style="background:#fea898"

| William III the Younger ||

|align=center|8 September 1471 Second son of Henry III and Anna of Katzenelnbogen

|align=center|13 January 1483 – 17 February 1500||Landgraviate of Upper Hesse||Elisabeth of the Palatinate 12 February 1496 Heidelberg no children

|align=center|17 February 1500 near Rauschenberg aged 28

|-style="background:#fff"

|| William II the Middle ||113x113px

|align=center|13 November 1625 Rosbach vor der Höhe First son of Frederick I and Margaret Elisabeth of Leiningen-Westerburg

|align=center|9 May 1638 – 1669||Landgraviate of Homburg (1669-1681 in Bingenheim only)|| Sophia Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt 21 April 1650 Darmstadt twelve children Anna Elisabeth of Saxe-Lauenburg 2 April 1665 Lübeck (annulled 1672) no children

|align=center|27 August 1681 Echzell aged 55

|-style="background:#ceb"

| Louis VI the Intrepid ||100px

|align=center|3 June 1743 Kassel Son of Frederick II and Mary of Great Britain

|align=center|31 October 1785 – 9 July 1807 21 November 1813 – 27 February 1821||Landgraviate of Cassel (until 1803) Electorate of Hesse (from 1803)|| Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark 1 September 1764 Copenhagen four children

|align=center|27 February 1821 Kassel aged 77|| Created Prince-elector of Hesse as His Royal and Serene Highness in 1803. Between 1807 and 1813 the Grand Duchy was annexed to the Kingdom of Westphalia.

|-style="background:#def"

|colspan="8" align=center| The Electorate briefly annexed to the Kingdom of Westphalia (1807-1813)

|-style="background:#ceb"

| Louis I||100px

|align=center|14 June 1753 Prenzlau Son of Louis IX and Caroline of Palatinate-Zweibrücken

|align=center|6 April 1790 – 6 April 1830||Landgraviate of Darmstadt (until 1806) Grand Duchy of Hesse (from 1806)|| Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt 19 February 1777 Darmstadt seven children

|align=center|6 April 1830 Darmstadt || Created Grand Duke of Hesse in 1806.

|-style="background:#ada"

| Charles ||100px

|align=center|27 June 1784 Barchfeld Son of Adolph and Louise of Saxe-Meiningen

|align=center|1803 – 9 July 1807 21 November 1813 – 17 July 1854||Landgraviate of Barchfeld|| Auguste of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen 19 July 1816 Öhringen two children Sophie of Bentheim and Steinfurt 10 September 1823 Steinfurt four children

|align=center|17 July 1854 Philippsthal aged 70|| Between 1806 and 1813 the Landgraviate was annexed to the Kingdom of Westphalia.

|-style="background:#ada"

|colspan="8" align=center| Barchfeld briefly annexed to the Kingdom of Westphalia (1807-1813)

|-style="background:#dce"

| Louis ||100px

|align=center|8 October 1766 Philippsthal First son of William and

|align=center|21 November 1813 – 15 February 1816||Landgraviate of Philippsthal|| Marie Franziska Berghe of Trips 21 January 1791 Susteren two children

|align=center|15 February 1816 Naples aged 49|| Landgraviate recovered in 1813 by the hand of the Elector of Hesse. Left no children, and the Landgraviate was inherited by his brother.

|-style="background:#aed"

| Victor Amadeus ||100px

|align=center|2 September 1779 Rotenburg an der Fulda Son of Charles Emmanuel and

|align=center|21 November 1813 – 12 November 1834||Landgraviate of Rotenburg||Leopoldine of Fürstenberg 20 October 1799 Prague no children Elisabeth of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 10 September 1812 Langenburg one child Eleonora of Salm-Reifferscheidt-Krautheim and Gerlachsheim 19 November 1831 Gerlachsheim no children

|align=center|12 November 1834 Racibórz aged 55|| In 1834, Hesse-Rotenburg reunited with the Electorate of Hesse.

|-style="background:#aed"

|colspan="8" align=center| Rotenburg annexed to the Electorate of Hesse

|-style="background:#dce"

| Ernest Constantine ||100px

|align=center|8 August 1771 Philippsthal Second son of William and

|align=center|15 February 1816 – 25 December 1849||Landgraviate of Philippsthal||Louise of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 10 April 1796 Rudolstadt five children 17 February 1812 Kassel two children

|align=center|25 December 1849 Meiningen aged 78|| Landgraviate recovered in 1813 by the hand of the Elector of Hesse.

|-style="background:#dcb"

| Frederick VI ||100px

|align=center|30 July 1769 Bad Homburg First son of Frederick V and Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt

|align=center|20 January 1820 – 2 April 1829||Landgraviate of Homburg|| Elizabeth of the United Kingdom 7 April 1818 London no children

|align=center|2 April 1829 Bad Homburg aged 59|| Left no heirs. The landgraviate was inherited by his brother.

|-style="background:#def"

| William II ||100px

|align=center|28 July 1777 Hanau Son of William I and Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark

|align=center|27 February 1821 – 20 November 1847||Electorate of Hesse|| Augusta of Prussia 13 February 1797 Berlin six children Emilie Ortlöpp 8 July 1841 (morganatic) eight children Caroline of Berlepsch 8 July 1841 Hanau (morganatic) no children

|align=center|20 November 1847 Frankfurt aged 70||

|-style="background:#dcb"

| Louis William ||100px

|align=center|29 August 1770 Bad Homburg Second son of Frederick V and Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt

|align=center|2 April 1829 – 19 January 1839||Landgraviate of Homburg|| Augusta Amalia of Nassau-Usingen 1804 (annulled 1805) no children

|align=center|19 January 1839 Luxembourg aged 68|| Left no heirs. The land was inherited by his brother.

|-style="background:#ceb"

| Louis II ||100px

|align=center|26 December 1777 Darmstadt Son of Louis I and Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt

|align=center|6 April 1830 – 16 June 1848||Grand Duchy of Hesse|| Wilhelmine of Baden 19 June 1804 Karlsruhe seven children

|align=center|16 June 1848 Darmstadt aged 70||

|-style="background:#dcb"

| Philip ||100px

|align=center|11 March 1779 Bad Homburg Third son of Frederick V and Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt

|align=center|19 January 1839 – 15 December 1846||Landgraviate of Homburg|| Rosalie Antonie Pototschnig 1838 (morganatic) no children

|align=center|15 December 1846 Bad Homburg aged 67|| Left no heirs. The land was inherited by his brother.

|-style="background:#dcb"

| Gustav ||100px

|align=center|17 February 1781 Bad Homburg Fourth son of Frederick V and Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt

|align=center|15 December 1846 – 8 September 1848||Landgraviate of Homburg|| Louise of Anhalt-Dessau 12 February 1818 Dessau three children

|align=center|8 September 1848 Bad Homburg aged 67|| Left no male heirs. The landgraviate was inherited by his brother.

|-style="background:#def"

| Frederick William ||100px

|align=center|20 August 1802 Hanau Son of William II and Augusta of Prussia

|align=center|20 November 1847 – 22 July 1866||Electorate of Hesse|| Gertrude von Hanau 26 June 1831 (morganatic) nine children

|align=center|6 January 1875 Prague aged 72|| In 1866 the Electorate was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia.

|-style="background:#def"

|colspan="8" align=center| Electorate of Hesse annexed to the Kingdom of Prussia

|-style="background:#ceb"

| Louis III ||100px

|align=center|9 June 1806 Darmstadt Son of Louis II and Wilhelmine of Baden

|align=center|16 June 1848 – 13 June 1877||Grand Duchy of Hesse|| Mathilde Caroline of Bavaria 26 December 1833 Munich no children Magdalene of Hochstadten 1868 (morganatic) no children

|align=center|13 June 1877 Seeheim aged 71||

|-style="background:#dcb"

| Ferdinand ||100px

|align=center|26 April 1783 Bad Homburg Fifth son of Frederick V and Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt

|align=center|8 September 1848 – 24 March 1866||Landgraviate of Homburg|| Unmarried

|align=center|24 March 1866 Bad Homburg aged 82|| Left no male heirs. At his death the Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg was briefly added to the territory of Louis III (Hesse-Darmstadt) before being annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia later in 1866.

|-style="background:#dcb"

|colspan="8" align=center| Homburg annexed to the Kingdom of Prussia

|-style="background:#dce"

| Charles II ||

|align=center|22 May 1803 Philippsthal Son of Ernest Constantine and Louise of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt

|align=center|25 December 1849 – 22 July 1866||Landgraviate of Philippsthal||Marie of Württemberg 9 October 1845 Pokój two children

|align=center|12 February 1868 Philippsthal aged 64|| In 1866 the Landgraviate was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia.

|-style="background:#dce"

|colspan="8" align=center| Philippsthal annexed to the Kingdom of Prussia

|-style="background:#ada"

| Alexis ||100px

|align=center|13 September 1829 Burgsteinfurt Son of Charles and Sophie of Bentheim and Steinfurt

|align=center|17 July 1854 – 22 July 1866||Landgraviate of Barchfeld|| Louise of Prussia 17 June 1854 Berlin (divorced 1861) no children

|align=center|16 August 1905 Herleshausen aged 75|| In 1866 the Landgraviate was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia.

|-style="background:#ada"

|colspan="8" align=center| Barchfeld annexed to the Kingdom of Prussia

|-style="background:#ceb"

| Louis IV ||100px

|align=center|12 September 1837 Darmstadt Son of Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine and Elisabeth of Prussia

|align=center|13 June 1877 – 13 March 1892||Grand Duchy of Hesse|| Alice of the United Kingdom 1 July 1862 East Cowes seven children Alexandrine von Hutten-Czapska 30 April 1884 Darmstadt (morganatic, annulled 1884) no children

|align=center|13 March 1892 Darmstadt aged 54|| Nephew of Louis III.

|-style="background:#ceb"

| Ernest Louis ||100px

|align=center|25 November 1868 Darmstadt Son of Louis IV and Alice of the United Kingdom

|align=center|13 March 1892 – 9 November 1918||Grand Duchy of Hesse|| Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 19 April 1894 Coburg (annulled 21 December 1901) two children Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich 2 February 1905 Darmstadt two children

|align=center|9 October 1937 Langen aged 68|| Deposed in 1918, at the end of World War I.

References

External links

The History Files: King Lists Europe: Kingdoms of Germany – Hesse

Landgraviate of Hesse

Rulers of Hesse

Ludovingian dynasty and House of Hesse

Partitions of Hesse under Ludowingian and Hesse families

Table of rulers

See also

References

External links