Levittown, New York

Levittown is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York. It is a suburb of New York City, located halfway between the villages of Hempstead and Farmingdale. The CDP had a total population of 51,758 at the time of the 2020 census, making it the most populous unincorporated CDP in Nassau County and the second most populous CDP on Long Island, behind Brentwood.

Levittown gets its name from its builder, the firm of Levitt & Sons, Inc. founded by Abraham Levitt on August 2, 1929, which built the district as a planned community for returning World War II veterans between 1947 and 1951. Sons William and Alfred served as the company's president and chief architect and planner, respectively. Levittown was the first truly mass-produced suburb and is widely regarded as the archetype for postwar suburbs throughout the country. William Levitt, who assumed control of Levitt & Sons in 1954, is considered the father of modern suburbia in the United States.

There have been multiple proposals in the past to incorporate Levittown either as a village or as the third city in Nassau County.

History

Overview

The building firm, Levitt & Sons, headed by Abraham Levitt and his two sons, William and Alfred, built four planned communities called "Levittown", in New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey (now Willingboro Township), and Puerto Rico; the Levittown in New York was the first. Additionally, Levitt & Sons' designs are featured prominently in the older portion of Buffalo Grove, Illinois; Vernon Hills, Illinois; the Belair section of Bowie, Maryland; and the Greenbriar section of Fairfax, Virginia.

The Levitt firm began before World War II, as a builder of custom homes in upper middle-class communities on Long Island. During the war, however, the home building industry languished under a general embargo on private use of scarce raw materials. William "Bill" Levitt served in the Navy in the Seabees – the service's construction battalions – and developed expertise in the mass-produced building of military housing using uniform and interchangeable parts. He was insistent that a postwar building boom would require similar mass-produced housing, and was able to purchase options on large swaths of onion and potato fields in undeveloped sections of Long Island.

Returning to the firm after war's end, Bill Levitt persuaded his father and brother to embrace the utilitarian system of construction he had learned in the Navy. With his brother, Alfred, who was an architect, he designed a small one-floor house with an unfinished "expansion attic" that could be rapidly constructed and as rapidly rented to returning GIs and their young families. Levitt & Sons built the community with an eye towards speed, efficiency, and cost-effective construction; these methods led to a production rate of 30 houses a day by July 1948.

They used pre-cut lumber and nails shipped from their own factories in Blue Lake, California, and built on concrete slabs, as they had done in a previous planned community in Norfolk, Virginia. This necessitated negotiating a change in the building code which, prior to the building of this community, did not permit concrete slabs. Given the urgent need for housing in the region, the town agreed. Levitt & Sons also controversially utilized non-union contractors in the project, a move which provoked picket lines. On the other hand, they paid their workers well and offered multiple incentives that allowed them to earn extra money, so that they often could earn twice as much a week as elsewhere. The company also cut out middlemen and purchased many items, including lumber and televisions, directly from manufacturers. The building of every house was reduced to 26 steps, with sub-contractors responsible for each step. His mass production of thousands of houses at virtually the same time allowed Levitt to sell them, with kitchens fully stocked with modern appliances, and a television in the living room, for as little as $8,000 each (equal to $ today), which, with the G.I. Bill and federal housing subsidies, reduced the up-front cost of a house to many buyers to around $400 (equal to $ today).

The planned 2,000-home rental community was quickly successful, with the New York Herald Tribune reporting that half of the properties had been rented within two days of the community being announced on May 7, 1947. As demand continued, exceeding availability, the Levitts expanded their project with 4,000 more homes, as well as community services, including schools and postal delivery. With the full implementation of federal government supports for housing, administered under the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), the Levitt firm switched from rental to sale of their houses, offering ownership on a 30-year mortgage with no down payment and monthly costs the same as rental. The resulting surge in demand pressed the firm to further expand its development, which changed its name from Island Trees to Levittown shortly thereafter.

Levittown was designed to provide a large amount of housing at a time when there was a high demand for affordable family homes. This suburban development would become a symbol of the "American Dream" as it allowed thousands of families to become home owners.

Unsuccessful incorporation proposals

In 1952, Carl Sigman, who was running as the Democratic candidate for county executive, stated that he felt it would be wise for Levittown to become incorporated as a city.

Discriminatory practices

As well as a symbol of the American dream, Levittown would also become a symbol of racial segregation in the United States, due to clause 25 of the standard lease agreement signed by the first residents of Levittown, who had an option to buy their homes. This "restrictive covenant" stated in capital letters and bold type that the house could not "be used or occupied by any person other than members of the Caucasian race."

Such discriminatory housing standards were consistent with government policies of the time. The Federal Housing Administration allowed developers to justify segregation within public housing. The FHA offered mortgages only to non-mixed developments, which discouraged developers from creating racially integrated housing. Before the sale of Levittown homes began, the sales agents were aware that no applications from "non-White" families – including Black, Asian, and Jewish ones – would be accepted. As a result, American veterans who wished to purchase a home in Levittown were unable to do so if they were of a demographic deemed "non-White."

William Levitt attempted to justify their decision to only sell homes to white families by saying that it was in the best interest for business. The Levitts explained that they would open up applications to blacks after they had sold as many homes to white people as possible.

Timeline

February 12, 1664: Jerusalem Purchase between John Seaman and Takapausha of the Massapequan Indians whereupon the English were granted rights to settle in on lands that now comprise southern and easternmost Levittown (south of Hempstead Tpke.), northern and eastern Wantagh, and most of Seaford. As Seaman established his farm, Cherrywood, two years later, near the current location of Salk Middle School and MacArthur High School, he was the first European to live in what's now Levittown. This is the start of the use of the word "Jerusalem" to describe the aforementioned areas.
March 22, 1747: Land deed between the Seaman and Weeks families first to mention the Island of Trees endowing the general area of northern Levittown with the name "Island Trees". said "An original ranch model would be ideal. We would like someone to donate their Levittown house, or we would like to find a donor to provide the funds so that we could secure a Levittown house." He noted that "The stories played out in suburban Levittown are the stories of America. They are stories important to everyone." Although "None of this is set in concrete," according to Yeingst, "the Levittown house would be dismantled at the site, transported to Washington and reconstructed. Then it would be exhibited along with other innovations in American home life."

Geography

thumb|U.S. Census map of Levittown|leftAccording to the U.S. Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.9 square miles (17.8 km2), all land. It does not conform to the U.S. Postal Service boundaries nor to the extent of the development built by Levitt & Sons; it also includes areas built by other developers.

Levittown, New York, is an unincorporated area in Nassau County, New York. It can be defined in three overlapping but non-conforming ways. The most common use is Levittown as defined by the United States Postal Service's Zip Code 11756. Another definition is the extent of the Levitt & Sons development built from 1947 to 1951. A third is the Census Designated Place (CDP) called Levittown as defined by the United States Census Bureau.

The United States Postal Service ZIP code called Levittown, New York, is 11756 and what is most commonly used to mean Levittown, New York. It does not include all the houses built in this area by Levitt & Sons and it does include houses built by other developers. The actual Levitt built development sprawls over three other postal zones, Wantagh NY (11793) and Westbury, NY (11590) in the Town of Hempstead, and Hicksville, NY (11801) in the Town of Oyster Bay.

Climate

Levittown has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa) and average monthly temperatures in the central CDP in the vicinity of Hempstead Turnpike (NY 24) and Jerusalem Avenue range from in January to in July. The hardiness zone is borderline between 7a and 7b, meaning that the average annual absolute minimum temperature is approximately .

Demographics

Racial and ethnic composition

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"

|+Levitown CDP, New York – Racial and ethnic composition

!Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)

!Pop 2000

!Pop 2010

!style="background-color: #ffffb3;" |Pop 2020

!% 2000

!% 2010

!style="background-color: #ffffb3;" |% 2020

|White alone (NH)

|47,251

|41,814

|style='background: #ffffe6; |34,853

|89.04%

|80.60%

|style='background: #ffffe6; |67.34%

|Black or African American alone (NH)

|247

|403

|style='background: #ffffe6; |675

|0.47%

|0.78%

|style='background: #ffffe6; |1.30%

|Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)

|26

|43

|style='background: #ffffe6; |65

|0.05%

|0.08%

|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.13%

|Asian alone (NH)

|1,493

|2,937

|style='background: #ffffe6; |5,900

|2.81%

|5.66%

|style='background: #ffffe6; |11.40%

|Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH)

|style='background: #ffffe6; |6

|0.02%

|0.01%

|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.01%

|Other race alone (NH)

|61

|130

|style='background: #ffffe6; |283

|0.11%

|0.25%

|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.55%

|Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)

|379

|569

|style='background: #ffffe6; |1,359

|0.71%

|1.10%

|style='background: #ffffe6; |2.63%

|Hispanic or Latino (any race)

|3,601

|5,979

|style='background: #ffffe6; |8,617

|6.79%

|11.52%

|style='background: #ffffe6; |16.65%

|Total

|53,067

|51,881

|style='background: #ffffe6; |51,758

|100.00%

|style='background: #ffffe6; |100.00%

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, Levittown had a population of 51,758. The median age was 42.2 years. 20.4% of residents were under the age of 18 and 17.1% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 93.8 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 91.7 males age 18 and over.

There were 16,634 households in Levittown, of which 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 62.9% were married-couple households, 11.7% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 21.7% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 15.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

! Race !! Number !! Percent

| White || 36,758 || 71.0%

| Black or African American || 763 || 1.5%

| American Indian and Alaska Native || 176 || 0.3%

| Asian || 5,955 || 11.5%

| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander || 7 || 0.0%

| Some other race || 3,273 || 6.3%

| Two or more races || 4,826 || 9.3%

| Hispanic or Latino (of any race) || 8,617 || 16.6%

2000 census

As of the 2000 census, the population was spread out, with 18.2% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.

thumb|Levittown Public Library

2005–2007 American Community Survey estimates

According to 2005–2007 American Community Survey estimates, the median income for a household in the community was $124,995, and the median income for a family was $132,887. Males had a median income of $94,803 versus $79,962 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $45,917. 1.0% of the population and 0.1% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 0.2% of those under the age of 18 and 0.3% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Religion

By the 1960s, Levittown's population was one-third Roman Catholic, one-third Jewish, and one-third Protestant.

Education

thumb|[[Division Avenue High School]]

thumb|[[Island Trees High School]]

Levittown is served primarily by two public school districts, the Island Trees Union Free School District with approximately 2,574 students and the Levittown Union Free School District with approximately 7,380 students.

The Island Trees Union Free School District serves northeastern Levittown, and portions of Bethpage, Seaford and Plainedge. The district hosts Island Trees High School, Island Trees Memorial Middle School, Michael F. Stokes Elementary School, and J. Fred Sparke Elementary School.

In 1982, Island Trees gained national attention from the United States Supreme Court case Board of Education v. Pico. The case determined that students' first amendment rights were violated when the school board removed several books it found objectionable from the high school's library.

The Levittown Union Free School District, which also serves North Wantagh and the northern portion of Seaford, has two high schools: Division Avenue and General Douglas MacArthur, one career and technical institute: Gerald R. Claps Career & Technical Center, two middle schools: Wisdom Lane and Jonas Salk, and six elementary schools: Abbey Lane, East Broadway, Gardiners Avenue, Lee Road, Northside, and Summit Lane. Vocational schools available are the Brittany Beauty School, Hunter Business School,

Infrastructure

thumb|right|Welcome to Levittown

Transportation

Although there is no passenger rail service in Levittown proper, the Long Island Rail Road provides service from the Hicksville and Bethpage stations on its Main Line and from the Wantagh and Bellmore stations on the Babylon Branch. Founded in 1956 by Homer K. Moore as a means for transport for the residents of Wantagh and Levittown, WLVAC provides emergency care on ambulances staffed with trained volunteers.

thumb|right|Fire Station#3

Fire

Levittown is protected by three volunteer fire departments, the Levittown Fire Department with 231 members operating out of 3 stations, Station 3 of the East Meadow Fire Department which covers portions of Levittown west of Division Avenue, and Station 2 of the Wantagh Fire Department which serves portions of Levittown South of Abbey Lane School.

Police

Levittown is patrolled by the eighth precinct of the Nassau County Police Department.

Notable people

People born in Levittown:

Brand New band members Jesse Lacey (1978), Vin Accardi, Brian Lane, and Garrett Tierney
Dan Cantor (1955– ), Socialist political leader and founder of the Working Families Party
Kevin Covais (1989– ), 5th season American Idol contestant, singer, actor
Tom Kapinos (1969– ) screenwriter (Dawson's Creek), executive producer and creator of Californication
David Falk (1950– ), American sports agent who primarily works with basketball players in the National Basketball Association; Michael Jordan's agent for the entirety of his NBA career
Brian Kilcommons (1953– ), dog trainer, author
Miss Understood (Alex Heimberg), drag artist, actor and businessperson
Adam Wurtzel (1985– ), television personality

People at one point living in Levittown:

Marshall Avener, gymnast, attended Island Trees High School
"Irish" Bobby Cassidy (1944– ), professional boxer
David Catapano (1973– ), celebrity chef (Chopped), lived in Levittown, New York for much of his grade school years.
John A. Gambling (1930–2004), morning radio host on WOR-AM
Bill Griffith (1944– ), cartoonist (Zippy)
Irene Kampen (1922–1998), writer whose semi-autobiographical first book was the basis for the 1962 to 1968 TV series The Lucy Show
Brian Kenny (1963– ), sportscaster on the MLB Network, SportsCenter, Friday Night Fights
Donnie Klang (1985– ), hip-hop singer (Take You There)
Cyril M. Kornbluth (1923–1958), Hugo- and Prometheus Award-winning science fiction writer (The Syndic)
Damian Maffei (1977– ), actor (Closed for the Season)
Eddie Money (1949–2019), musician (Two Tickets to Paradise), attended Island Trees High School though he lived in adjacent Plainedge, New York
Sterling Morrison (1942–1995), guitarist with The Velvet Underground
Bill O'Reilly (1949– ), political commentator, raised in a Levitt-built part of the adjacent community of Salisbury, also called South Westbury
Harold R. Story (1919–1987), US Army major general
Moe Tucker (1944– ), drummer for the Velvet Underground
In a 1960 Leave It to Beaver episode titled "Larry's Club" (Season 3, Episode 22), Ward Cleaver told his son, Beaver, a story about groups of villagers long ago who built castles to exclude fellow villagers in order to teach Beaver that it was wrong to exclude others from joining clubs. In the next scene, in response to Ward's question about what stories people in castles told their children, his wife, June, responded, "Probably stories about Levittown."
In 1962, singing comedian Allan Sherman poked fun in his album My Son, the Folk Singer with a parody of Harry Belafonte's Jamaica Farewell: "I'm upside down. My head is turning around. Cause I've got to sell the house, in Levittown." which "featured a titillating account of America's most famous suburb, scandalizing many residents, who recognized their own lives depicted in the pages." The Library Journal reviewed the story (an O'Henry prizewinner) as "a World War II vet buys a house in Levittown where he spends the best years of his life. His wife has died, his grown children have left, and one by one his neighbors are selling out and moving to Florida. Beneath the talky, narrative voice of this story you discover the internal logic of a man pushed beyond reason to a desperate act".
Oliver Stone's 1989 movie Born on the Fourth of July, has two marines from the U.S. Marine "recruiting station in Levittown" do a recruitment presentation in protagonist Ron Kovic's high school class.
Tim Burton's 1990 movie Edward Scissorhands featured a suburban plot that should replicate the look and feel of Levittown ("The director had envisioned replicating Levittown, New York, the archetype of postwar suburbanization[...]. Carpenters Run[...] matched that 1950s design.").
Stewart Bird's 1994 documentary Building The American Dream: Levittown, NY explores Levitt's vision of rapidly constructing inexpensive tract homes, including rare archival footage and photos, an interview with Levitt and the reminiscences of numerous Levittown residents (including singer Billy Joel).
October 24, 1997, Wonderland, a satirical documentary film about Levittown, produced and directed by John O'Hagan, premiered at the TriBeCa Film Festival. A review in The New York Times said of it: "The collective picture that emerges suggests a smug city slicker's condescending view of what could be almost any American small town."
Michael Chabon's 2000 novel, The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay, has Levittown paralleled by the fictional suburban community of "Bloomtown"
The 2003 PBS series Race: The Power of an Illusion by California Newsreel, documents systemic racism in the development of early suburbs including Levittown and nearby Roosevelt.
In Gilmore Girls Season 3 episode 14 "Swan Song" Lorelai, Alex, Sookie, and Jackson attend a fictional musical called Levittown in Manhattan, after which they mock the show's quality.
Anna Shapiro published a 2006 teen oriented book Living on Air. It's described by the publisher as about a girl "raised in Levittown, Long Island. By the time she attended high school she concluded her parents were colossal failures who hid in a community in which all exterior houses were identical to one another."
In 2006, Marc Palmieri's play Levittown was performed at the Axis Theater in New York. A review in the Village Voice wrote: "We don't typically quibble with Leo Tolstoy, but are unhappy families really so different? Or are they rather like the endless rows of postwar homes that William Levitt built on Long Island?" In July 2009 a to-scale reproduction of an original Levitt house was constructed at the Theatre at Saint Clement's in New York City for a revival of the play.
Levittown appeared on the February 2, 2010, episode entitled "Home Wrecked Home" of Life After People: The Series on the History Channel.
The song "The L-Town Shakedown (Levittown is for Lovers)" was released by the Long Island band Patent Pending on their 2006 album "Save Each Other, the Whales Are Doing Fine"
In 2008, Levittown was mentioned in the Planet P Project album Levittown (Go Out Dancing, Vol. II), an album based upon life in post-war America and the early space age and Atomic Age. The title song paints Levittown as an "American Dream" of conformity.
In 2014, Levittown appeared in the short documentary, Cash Mob for Avi, about a struggling stationery store owner and the community that banded together to help him.

References

Informational notes

Citations

Bibliography