Leopold Ritter von Sacher-Masoch (; 27 January 1836 – 9 March 1895) was an Austrian nobleman, writer and journalist, who gained renown for his romantic stories of Galician life. The term masochism is derived from his name, invented by his contemporary, the Austrian psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing. Masoch did not approve of this use of his name.

During his lifetime, Sacher-Masoch was well known as a man of letters, in particular a utopian thinker who espoused socialist and humanist ideals in his fiction and non-fiction. Most of his works remain untranslated into English.

Biography

Early life and education

Von Sacher-Masoch was born in the city of Lemberg, the capital of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria (now Lviv, Ukraine), at the time a province of the Austrian Empire, into a Roman Catholic family. His father was an Austrian civil servant, Leopold Johann Nepomuk Ritter von Sacher, and his mother Charlotte Josepha von Masoch, a Ukrainian noblewoman. The father later combined his surname with his wife's von Masoch, at the request of her family (she was the last of the line). Von Sacher served as a Commissioner of the Imperial Police Forces in Lemberg, and he was recognised with a new title of Austrian nobility as Sacher-Masoch awarded by the Austrian Emperor.

Leopold studied law, history and mathematics at Graz University (where he obtained a doctorate in history in 1856), and after graduating he became a lecturer there.

Galician storyteller

thumb|200px|Masoch in the 1860s

His early, non-fictional publications dealt mostly with Austrian history. At the same time, Masoch turned to the folklore and culture of his homeland, Galicia. Soon he abandoned lecturing and became a free man of letters. Within a decade his short stories and novels prevailed over his historical non-fiction works, though historical themes continued to imbue his fiction.

Later years

In 1874, Masoch wrote the novel Die Ideale unserer Zeit (The Ideals of Our Time), an attempt to give a portrait of German society during its Gründerzeit period.

In his late fifties, his mental health began to deteriorate, and he spent the last years of his life under psychiatric care. According to official reports, he died in Lindheim in 1895. (Lindheim, at that time near Altenstadt, was incorporated into the municipality of Altenstadt in 1971.) It is also claimed that Masoch died in an asylum in Mannheim in 1905.

Trivia

Sacher-Masoch is the great-great-uncle, through her Austrian-born mother Eva von Sacher-Masoch, Baroness Erisso, of the late English Rock star and film actress Marianne Faithfull. She died on 30 January 2025.

Masochism

thumb|A Sacher-Masoch compilation published in 1901

The term masochism was coined in 1886 by the Austrian psychiatrist Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing (1840–1902) in his book Psychopathia Sexualis:

Sacher-Masoch was not pleased with Krafft-Ebing's assertions. Nevertheless, details of Masoch's private life were obscure until Aurora von Rümelin's memoirs, Meine Lebensbeichte (My Life Confession; 1906), were published in Berlin under the pseudonym Wanda v. Dunajew (the name of a leading character in his Venus in Furs). The following year, a French translation, Confession de ma vie (1907) by "Wanda von Sacher-Masoch", was printed in Paris by Mercure de France. An English translation of the French edition was published as The Confessions of Wanda von Sacher-Masoch (1991) by RE/Search Publications.

Selected bibliography

  • 1858 A Galician Story 1846
  • 1865 Kaunitz
  • 1866 Don Juan of Kolomiya
  • 1867 The Last King of Hungary
  • 1870 The Divorcee
  • 1870 Legacy of Cain Vol. 1: Love (includes his most famous work, Venus in Furs)
  • 1872 Faux Ermine
  • 1873 Female Sultan
  • 1873 The Messalinas of Vienna
  • 1873–74 Russian Court Stories: 4 Vols.
  • 1873–77 Viennese Court Stories: 2 Vols.
  • 1874/76 ' [Love Stories from Several Centuries], 3 volumes, includes "" ("Bloody Wedding in Kyiv"), "Ariella"
  • 1874 Die Ideale unserer Zeit [The Ideals of Our Time]
  • 1875 Galician Stories
  • 1877 The Man Without Prejudice
  • 1877 Legacy of Cain. Vol. 2: Property
  • 1878 The New Hiob
  • 1878 Jewish Stories
  • 1878 The Republic of Women's Enemies
  • 1879 Silhouettes
  • 1881 New Jewish Stories
  • 1883 ' (The Mother of God)
  • 1886 Eternal Youth
  • 1886 Stories from Polish Ghetto
  • 1886 Little Mysteries of World History
  • 1886 Bloody Wedding in Kyiv
  • 1887 Polish Stories
  • 1890 The Serpent in Paradise
  • 1891 The Lonesome
  • 1894 Love Stories
  • 1898 Entre nous
  • 1900 Catherina II
  • 1901 Afrikas Semiramis
  • 1907 Fierce Women

See also

  • BDSM
  • List of Austrian writers
  • Marquis de Sade
  • Sadism and masochism in fiction
  • Story of O

Notes

Further reading

  • Bach, Ulrich E, "Sacher-Masoch's Utopian Peripheries." In: The German Quarterly 80.2 (2007): 201–219.
  • Biale, David, "Masochism and Philosemitism: The Strange Case of Leopold Von Sacher-Masoch", Journal of Contemporary History 17 (1982), 305–323.
  • Deleuze, Gilles, "Coldness and Cruelty," in Masochism, New York: Zone Books (1991).
  • John K. Noyes, The Mastery of Submission. Inventions of Masochism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press 1997.
  • Carlo Di Mascio, Masoch sovversivo. Cinque studi su Venus im Pelz, Firenze, Phasar Edizioni, 2018.
  • Alison Moore, Recovering Difference in the Deleuzian Dichotomy of Masochism-without-Sadism. Angelaki 14 (3), November 2009, 27–43.
  • Alison M. Moore, Sexual Myths of Modernity: Sadism, Masochism and Historical Teleology. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2016.
  • Venus in Furs from Project Gutenberg
  • The Bookbinder of Hort , part of an anthology, Stories by Foreign Authors
  • The Letawitza
  • The Independent Saturday, 23 July 1994
  • Stanislav Tsalyk: Don Juan of Lviv