Lebanon is a town on the southern border of Madison County, New York, United States. The population was 1,326 at the 2020 census.

Geography

The south town line is the border of Chenango County. The village of Hamilton borders the town to the northeast, and the village of Earlville borders the town to the southeast. New York State Route 12B briefly enters the eastern part of the town, connecting the two villages.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which are land and , or 0.77%, are water.