Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra, also known as Khanty-Mansia (Khantia-Mansia), is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). It has a population of 1,532,243 as of the 2010 Census. Its administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk.
The peoples native to the region are the Khanty and the Mansi, known collectively as Ob-Ugric peoples, but today the two groups only constitute 2.5% of the region's population. The local languages, Khanty and Mansi, are part of the Ugric branch of the Finno-Ugric language family, and enjoy a special status in the autonomous okrug. Russian remains the only official language.
In 2012, the majority (51%) of the oil produced in Russia came from Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, giving the region great economic importance in Russia and the world. It borders Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug to the north, Komi Republic to the northwest, Sverdlovsk Oblast to the west, the core of Tyumen Oblast to the south, Tomsk Oblast to the south and southeast and Krasnoyarsk Krai in the east.
History
The okrug was established on December 10, 1930, as Ostyak-Vogul National Okrug (). In October 1940, it was renamed the Khanty-Mansi National Okrug. In 1977, along with other national okrugs of the Russian SFSR, it became an autonomous okrug (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug). In 2003, the word "Yugra" was appended to the official name.
Geography
Map of Khantia-Mansia|thumb|left
The okrug occupies the central part of the West Siberian Plain.
Principal rivers include the Ob and its tributaries Irtysh and Vatinsky Yogan. There are numerous lakes in the okrug, the largest ones are Numto, Tormemtor, Leushinsky Tuman and Tursuntsky Tuman, among others.
The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude traverses the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.
Administrative divisions
Demographics
The population of the okrug in 2020 was 1,674,676. It has an area of 523,100 km<sup>2</sup>, but the area is sparsely populated. The administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk, but the largest cities are Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, and Nefteyugansk.
thumb|300px|Life expectancy at birth in
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
!
! style="width:70pt;"|Average population (× 1000)
! style="width:70pt;"|Live births
! style="width:70pt;"|Deaths
! style="width:70pt;"|Natural change
! style="width:70pt;"|Crude birth rate (per 1000)
! style="width:70pt;"|Crude death rate (per 1000)
! style="width:70pt;"|Natural change (per 1000)
! style="width:70pt;"|Fertility rates
|-
| 1970
| 281
| 5 959
| 2 025
| 3 934
| 21.2
| 7.2
| 14.0
|-
| 1975
| 415
| 9 450
| 2 572
| 6 878
| 22.8
| 6.2
| 16.6
|-
| 1980
| 649
| 13 901
| 4 116
| 9 785
| 21.4
| 6.3
| 15.1
|-
| 1985
| 1 041
| 25 130
| 4 863
| 20 267
| 24.1
| 4.7
| 19.5
|-
| 1990
| 1 274
| 21 812
| 5 354
| 16 458
| 17.1
| 4.2
| 12.9
|-
| 1991
| 1 276
| 19 060
| 5 884
| 13 176
| 14.9
| 4.6
| 10.3
|-
| 1992
| 1 270
| 15 849
| 7 132
| 8 717
| 12.5
| 5.6
| 6.9
|-
| 1993
| 1 274
| 14 531
| 9 401
| 5 130
| 11.4
| 7.4
| 4.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.59
|-
| 1994
| 1 286
| 15 120
| 9 937
| 5 183
| 11.8
| 7.7
| 4.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.59
|-
| 1995
| 1 298
| 14 418
| 10 041
| 4 377
| 11.1
| 7.7
| 3.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.46
|-
| 1996
| 1 310
| 14 469
| 9 508
| 4 961
| 11.0
| 7.3
| 3.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.39
|-
| 1997
| 1 330
| 14 640
| 8 497
| 6 143
| 11.0
| 6.4
| 4.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.34
|-
| 1998
| 1 351
| 15 600
| 8 164
| 7 436
| 11.5
| 6.0
| 5.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.39
|-
| 1999
| 1 359
| 14 728
| 8 476
| 6 252
| 10.8
| 6.2
| 4.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.29
|-
| 2000
| 1 372
| 15 579
| 9 426
| 6 153
| 11.4
| 6.9
| 4.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.34
|-
| 2001
| 1 398
| 17 130
| 9 863
| 7 267
| 12.3
| 7.1
| 5.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.43
|-
| 2002
| 1 426
| 19 051
| 9 829
| 9 222
| 13.4
| 6.9
| 6.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.54
|-
| 2003
| 1 445
| 19 883
| 10 000
| 9 883
| 13.8
| 6.9
| 6.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.58
|-
| 2004
| 1 456
| 20 377
| 9 828
| 10 549
| 14.0
| 6.8
| 7.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.59
|-
| 2005
| 1 466
| 19 958
| 10 415
| 9 543
| 13.6
| 7.1
| 6.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.54
|-
| 2006
| 1 476
| 20 366
| 10 077
| 10 289
| 13.8
| 6.8
| 7.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.56
|-
| 2007
| 1 487
| 21 887
| 10 093
| 11 794
| 14.7
| 6.8
| 7.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.66
|-
| 2008
| 1 500
| 23 197
| 10 215
| 12 982
| 15.5
| 6.8
| 8.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.74
|-
| 2009
| 1 513
| 23 840
| 10 107
| 13 733
| 15.8
| 6.7
| 9.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.77
|-
| 2010
| 1 527
| 25 089
| 10 447
| 14 642
| 16.4
| 6.8
| 9.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.84
|-
| 2011
| 1 543
| 25 335
| 10 072
| 14 642
| 16.4
| 6.5
| 9.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.86
|-
| 2012
| 1 558
| 27 686
| 9 949
| 17 737
| 17.6
| 6.3
| 11.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.02
|-
| Source:
|}
Settlements
Ethnic groups
The indigenous population (Khanty, Nenets, Mansi and Komi) summons to only 2.8% of the total population in the okrug. The exploitation of natural gas in the region has attracted immigrants from all over the former Soviet Union. The 2021 Census counted 17 ethnic groups of more than five thousand people each. The ethnic composition is as follows:
Population of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ethnic Group
!Population!! %
|-
|-
| Russian
|888,660|| 70.3%
|-
| Tatar
|79,727|| 6.3%
|-
| Ukrainian
|41,596|| 3.3%
|-
| Bashkir
|29,717|| 2.4%
|-
|Tajik
|21,791
|1.7%
|-
| Azeri
|21,259|| 1.7%
|-
| Khanty
|19,568|| 1.5%
|-
| Lezgin
|15,268|| 1.2%
|-
| Kumyk
|13,669|| 1.1%
|-
| Uzbek
|12,361|| 1.0%
|-
| Mansi
|11,065|| 0.9%
|-
|Nogai
|9,990
|0.8%
|-
| Chuvash
|7,786|| 0.6%
|-
| Chechen
|7,085|| 0.6%
|-
| Belarusian
|6,156|| 0.5%
|-
|Kyrgyz
|5,562
|0.4%
|-
| Moldovan
|5,297|| 0.4%
|-
| Other
|48,194|| 3.8%
|}
Historical population figures are shown below:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! rowspan="2" | Ethnic<br />group
! colspan="2" | 1939 Census
! colspan="2" | 1959 Census
! colspan="2" | 1970 Census
! colspan="2" | 1979 Census
! colspan="2" | 1989 Census
! colspan="2" | 2002 Census
! colspan="2" | 2010 Census<sup>1</sup>
! colspan="2" | 2021 Census
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Khanty
| 12,238 ||13.1%
| 11,435 ||9.2%
| 12,222 ||4.5%
| 11,219 ||2.0%
| 11,892 ||0.9%
| 17,128 ||1.2%
| 19,068 ||1.3%
| 19,568 ||1.6%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Mansi
| 5,768 ||6.2%
| 5,644 ||4.6%
| 6,684 ||2.5%
| 6,156 ||1.1%
| 6,562 ||0.5%
| 9,894 ||0.7%
| 10,977 ||0.8%
| 11,065 ||0.9%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Nenets
| 852 ||0.9%
| 815 ||0.7%
| 940 ||0.3%
| 1,003 ||0.2%
| 1,144 ||0.1%
| 1,290 ||0.1%
| 1,438 ||0.1%
| 1,381 ||0.1%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Komi
| 2,436||2.6%
| 2,803||2.3%
| 3,150||1.2%
| 3,105||0.5%
| 3,000||0.2%
| 3,081||0.2%
| 2,364||0.2%
| 2,618||0.2%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Russians
| 67,616||72.5%
| 89,813||72.5%
| 208,500||76.9%
| 423,792||74.3%
| 850,297||66.3%
| 946,590||66.1%
| 973,978||68.1%
| 888,660||70.3%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Ukrainians
| 1,111||1.2%
| 4,363||3.5%
| 9,986||3.7%
| 45,484||8.0%
| 148,317||11.6%
| 123,238||8.6%
| 91,323||6.4%
| 41,596||3.3%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Tatars
| 2,227||2.4%
| 2,938||2.4%
| 14,046||5.2%
| 36,898||6.5%
| 97,689||7.6%
| 107,637||7.5%
| 108,899||7.6%
| 79,727||6.3%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Others
| 1,026 ||1.1%
| 6,115||4.9%
| 15,629||5.8%
| 43,106||7.6%
| 163,495||12.7%
| 223,959||15.6%
| 173,536||15.5%
| 219,465||17.3%
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="17"| <sup>1</sup>
|}
Religion
thumb|left|250px|Orthodox Church of the [[resurrection of Christ|Resurrection in Khanty-Mansiysk. Orthodox Christianity is the main religion in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.]]
According to a 2012 survey
Transport
In Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the primary transport of goods is by water and railway transport; 29% is transported by road, and 2% by aviation. The total length of railway tracks is 1,106 km. The length of roads is more than 18,000 km.
See also
- Hockey Club Ugra
- List of Chairmen of the Duma of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
References
External links
- Official website of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra
- Official site of Khanty-Mansi Duma
- Informational website of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra