thumb|aspect of a Anigozanthos manglesii showing the characteristic of the plant from which its name is derived

thumb|right|[[Anigozanthos flavidus]]

thumb|right|[[Macropidia fuliginosa]]

Kangaroo paw is the common name for a number of species, in two genera of the family Haemodoraceae, that are native to the south-west of Western Australia. These rhizomatous perennial plants are noted for their unique bird-attracting flowers. The tubular flowers are coated with dense hairs and open at the apex with six claw-like structures which resemble kangaroo forelimbs, and it is from this paw-like formation that the common name "kangaroo paw" is derived.

The kangaroo paw plant has been introduced into Japan and has been grown as a new ornamental crop mainly in Okinawa Island under a subtropical climate.

History

The genus Anigozanthos' author was French botanist Jacques-Julien Houtou de Labillardière, who first collected the kangaroo paw in 1792 near Esperance. Red and green kangaroo paw or Kurulbrang (Noongar) was introduced to England in 1833, and was first described in 1836 by botanist David Don. The specific name manglesii is so named in honour of the first individual to raise the specimen from seed, Robert Mangles, which he did in his English garden. His experience with growing the specimen is recorded in letters to his brother James Mangles.

The red and green kangaroo paw was adopted as the state emblem of Western Australia in a proclamation on 9 October 1960. An image of a red and green kangaroo paw was superimposed onto a view of Perth from a distance on a 5 pence stamp, issued 1 November 1962, commemorating the Seventh British Empire and Commonwealth Games which were held in Perth that year. The stamp was designed by R. M. Warner. The red and green kangaroo paw was again included on a stamp on 10 July 1968, which were six-cent stamps in a series of state floral emblems. It was designed by Nell Wilson. The plants have found their way to California and become popular among garden supply businesses there.

Research

In 2007 Kings Park Botanic and Garden Board started a breeding program to protect the Kangaroo Paw from disease and the impact of climate changes. During this effort cross breading between 5 different species brought about new colouring including blue shades. The breeding program is working with Edith Cowan University to map the genome sequences, look to find disease and drought resistant triggers for the plant.

Research leading up to 2020 has been able to produce many new colours for the kangaroo paw including blues, purples, whites, and many more. This has led to genetic research and DNA sequencing similar to that carried out on Snapdragons to understanding the colours of the flower. Other research has been conducted that indicates an extract of the plant may help firm the skin as it targets young cells causing increased collagen output.

Classification

From the genus Anigozanthos:

  • Anigozanthos bicolor <small>Endl.</small> (little kangaroo paw)
  • Anigozanthos bicolor ssp. bicolor (two-coloured kangaroo paw)
  • Anigozanthos bicolor ssp. decrescens
  • Anigozanthos bicolor ssp. exstans
  • Anigozanthos bicolor ssp. minor
  • Anigozanthos flavidus <small>DC.</small> (tall kangaroo paw)
  • Anigozanthos gabrielae <small>Domin</small> (dwarf kangaroo paw)
  • Anigozanthos manglesii <small>D.Don</small> (red-and-green kangaroo paw)
  • Anigozanthos manglesii ssp. manglesii
  • Anigozanthos manglesii ssp. quadrans
  • Anigozanthos pulcherrimus <small>Hook.</small> (golden kangaroo paw)
  • Anigozanthos rufus <small>Labill.</small> (red kangaroo paw)
  • Anigozanthos viridis <small>Endl.</small> (green kangaroo paw)
  • Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans <small>Hopper</small> (dwarf green kangaroo paw)
  • Anigozanthos viridis subsp. metallica (metallic green kangaroo paw)

From the genus Macropidia:

  • Macropidia fuliginosa <small>(Hook.) Druce</small> (black kangaroo paw)

See also

thumb|The smaller Anigozanthos humilis is known as cat's paw

Additional species in the genus Anigozanthos exist. They resemble kangaroo paws, however, they are instead known as cat's paws:

  • Anigozanthos humilis (cat's paw)
  • Anigozanthos humilis ssp. chrysanthus (Mogumber cat's paw)
  • Anigozanthos humilis ssp. grandis (tall cat's paw)
  • Anigozanthos kalbarriensis (Kalbarri cat's paw)
  • Anigozanthos onycis (branched cat's paw)
  • Anigozanthos preissii (Albany cat's paw)

References

  • Gardening Australia Kangaroo paws factsheet