Kalbajar District

Kalbajar District () is one of the 67 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country and belongs to the East Zangezur Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Lachin, Khojaly, Agdam, Tartar, Goranboy, Goygol and Dashkasan districts of Azerbaijan, as well as the Gegharkunik and Vayots Dzor provinces of Armenia. Its capital and largest city is Kalbajar. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 94,100. The city of Kalbajar was renamed to Karvachar () after its occupation in the First Nagorno-Karabakh war, which corresponds to the ancient district of Vaykunik, one of 12 cantons of Artsakh. Kalbacar was registered as "Kəlavəçər" or "Kellaveçer", was one of villages of Zar nahiye of Nakhchivan kaza in Nakhchivan sanjak of Revan Eyalet in 1590 during first Ottoman rule. It was also known as Upper-Khachen or Tsar (after its chief town) and was ruled by one of the branches of the House of Khachen, who held it until the Russian conquest of the Karabakh region in the early 19th century.

Armenian occupation

As a result of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, the area was occupied by Armenian forces on April 3, 1993. The district was declared a part of the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh, although it continued to be recognized by the United Nations as a territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The Azerbaijani population of Kalbajar were displaced and lived as internally displaced persons in other regions of Azerbaijan. The district was made into the Shahumyan Province, one of the eight regions of NKR. The region remained the least populated of the NKR regions with a total population of 2,800. The town of Kalbajar was home to 500 Armenian residents.

Return to Azerbaijan

Under the terms of the agreement that ended the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War, most of the district (i.e. Kelbajar district within its Soviet time borders) returned to Azerbaijani control. The eastern part of the district, which was part of Martakert Province, remained under the control of the Republic of Artsakh. Initially, the western part was to be returned to Azerbaijani control by 15 November 2020, but this deadline was subsequently extended to 25 November 2020. In the early hours of November 25, Azerbaijani forces entered the region; it was the second region to be returned to Azerbaijan per the ceasefire agreement.

Cultural monuments

The district has close to 750 Armenian cultural monuments, which include monasteries, churches, chapels, fortresses, khachkars and inscriptions.

Demographics

At the beginning of the 17th century, most of the Armenians of the region, roughly corresponding to the territory of the region, were deported to Iran, and Kurds began to settle in the region.

According to the "Statistical Data on the Population of the Transcaucasian Territory, extracted from the family lists of 1886", on the territory of the Avrayan, Ayrum, Asrik, Koturli, Farakhkanli and Chirakhli rural communities of the Jevanshir uezd of the Elizavetpol Governorate, corresponding to the territory of the Kelbajar region (within its Soviet borders), overall, there were 6446 Kurds and 919 Tatars (later known as Azerbaijanis), all of the Shiite religion.

In 1933, Turks (i.e. Azerbaijanis) accounted for 100% of the total population of the Bashlybel, Asrik, Kilsala, Otaklar, Kamyshli, Kylychli village councils, more than 99% of the Seidlar, Synykh-Kilisalinsky, Zarsky, Zulfugarli village councils, as well as more than 90% of the Kelbajar and Keshtak village councils. Also, Azerbaijanis made up 50.6% of the Chirakh village council, while 44.4% were Kurds. Only in the Aghjakent village council, Kurds made up the majority - 90.9%.

According to the 1939 census, 89.5% of the region's population were Azerbaijanis.

As of 1979, the region had a population of 40,516:

Azerbaijanis 99.5% (40,329)
Armenians 0.1% (49)
Lezgins 0.1% (30)
Russians 0.1% (46)

In 1980, the population excluding Nagorno Karabakh was 40,300, counting 124 settlements. 8 of these settlements were Kurdish.

The population grew to 43,713 by 1989.

As of 1999, the population in the Kalbajar District including part of the now-abolished Mardakert District was 66,211, however the census counts were not carried out in Armenian-occupied parts of Kalbajar:

According to the 2005 census carried out by the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh, 2,560 Armenians were living in the western part of the Shahumyan Province, which roughly corresponded to the Soviet Kalbajar District. The number grew to 2,800 by 2006.

By 2015, the number of Armenians who had settled in the district had grown to 3,090 according to the statistics provided by Artsakh.

However, the international observers provided different figures. An OSCE Fact-Finding Mission visited the occupied territories of Azerbaijan in 2005 to inspect settlement activity in the area and report its findings to the Co-Chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group. According to FFM figures, at that time the number of Armenian settlers in Kalbajar District was approximately 1,500. The OSCE Minsk Group Co-Chairs, who conducted a Field Assessment Mission to the occupied territories of Azerbaijan in October 2010 reported that there had been no significant growth in the population since 2005.

Villages

Abdullauşağı
Ağbulaq
Ağcakənd
Ağdaban
Ağdaş
Ağqaya
Ağyataq
Alçalı
Alıbəyli
Alırzalar
Allıkənd
Almalıq
Alolar
Alukend
Armudlu
Aşağı Ayrım
Aşağı Şurtan
Aşağı Qaraçanlı
Babaşlar
Bağırlı
Bağırsaq
Bağlıpəyə
Barmaqbinə
Başkənd
Başlıbel
Baş Qaraçanlı
Bazarkənd
Bəzirxana
Birinci Milli
Boyaqlı
Bozlu
Böyükdüz
Böyürbinə
Cəmilli
Comərd
Çaykənd
Çayqovuşan
Çəpli
Çərəktar
Çıldıran
Çıraq
Çobankərəhməz
Çopurlu
Çorman
Çormanlı
Çovdar
Dalqılınclı
Damğalı
Daşbulaq
Dəmirçidam
Dərəqışlaq
Dəvədaşı
Dovşanlı
Əsrik
Fərxani
Fətallar
Göydərə
Gözlübulaq
Güneypəyə
Günəşli
Günəşqaya
Hacıdünyamalılar
Hacıkənd
Hayad
Heyvalı
Həsənlər
Həsənriz
Hopurlu
İkinci Milli
İlyaslar
İmanbinəsi
İstibulaq
İstisu
Kaha
Keçiliqaya
Keşdək
Kəndyeri
Kərəmli
Kolatağ
Laçın
Lev
Mehmana
Məmmədsəfi
Məmməduşağı
Mərcimək
Mişni
Mollabayramlı
Moz
Mozqaraçanlı
Nadirxanlı
Narınclar
Nəbilər
Nəcafalı
Orta Qaraçanlı
Orta Şurtan
Oruclu
Otaqlı
Otqışlaq
Pirilər
Qalaboyun
Qamışlı
Qanlıkənd
Qaragüney
Qaraxançallı
Qasımbinəsi
Qasımlar
Qazıxanlı
Qılınclı
Qızılqaya
Qozlu
Qozlukörpü
Quzeyçirkin
Rəhimli
Sarıdaş
Seyidlər
Soyuqbulaq
Susuzluq
Şahkərəm
Şahmansurlu
Şaplar
Şeyinli
Tağılar
Tatlar
Taxtabaşı
Təkdam
Təkəqaya
Təzəkənd
Tirkeşəvənd
Tövlədərə
Üçüncü Milli
Vəng
Vəngli
Xallanlı
Xanməmməd-Bünaən
Xoləzəy
Yanşaq
Yanşaqbinə
Yayıcı
Yellicə
Yenikənd
Yuxarı Ayrım
Yuxarı Oratağ
Yuxarı Şurtan
Zağalar
Zallar
Zar
Zərqulu
Zəylik
Zivel
Zülfüqarlı

Transportation

Toghanali–Kalbajar–Istisu highway