The jussive (abbreviated ) is a grammatical mood of verbs for issuing orders, commanding, or exhorting (within a subjunctive framework). English verbs are not marked for this mood, but the modal verb "should" is commonly used for the same purpose. The mood is similar to the cohortative mood, which typically applies to the first person by appeal to the object's duties and obligations, and the imperative, which applies to the second person (by command). The jussive however typically covers the first and third persons. It can also apply to orders by their author's wish in the mandative subjunctive, as in the English, "The bank insists that she repay her debt."
Examples
Arabic
Classical and Standard Arabic verbs conjugate for at least three distinct moods in the imperfect: indicative, subjunctive and jussive.
The main use of this mood is in negative commands.
;jussive mood - 2P formal
;jussive mood - 3P singular
;jussive mood - 3P plural
Latin
In the Latin language, the present subjunctive has a usage labelled the "jussive subjunctive" or that expresses 3rd-person orders:
- ("Let him help.")
- ("Let them come.")
A jussive use of the present subjunctive is also attested for the second person in sayings and poetry, as well as in early Latin.
- ("Leave behind [...] the wrongs of Fortune", saying from Cicero's )
- ("Show us the way", poetry from Virgil's Aeneid)
Russian
The jussive mood in modern Russian serves as an imperative (for issuing orders, commanding or requesting), but covers third person instead of second person. It is always formed with a particle , which is derived from the verb (to let, to allow).
: Imperative: (Run!)
: Jussive: (similar to Let him run)
Turkish
The jussive mood in Turkish serves as an imperative (for issuing orders, commanding or requesting), but covers third person (both singular and plural) instead of second person. The negative, interrogative and negative-interrogative forms are also possible.
: Imperative: (Run!)
: Jussive: (similar to Let him/her run or he/she shall run)
: Jussive: (similar to Let them run or they shall run)
: Imperative: (Don't run!)
: Jussive: (similar to Don't let him/her run or he/she shall not run)
: Jussive: (similar to Don't let them run or they shall not run)