Joseph or Joe Thomson is the name of:
- J. J. Thomson (1856–1940), physicist
- Joseph Thomson (cricketer) (1877-1953), Australian cricketer
- Joseph Thomson (explorer) (1858–1895), African explorer
- Joseph Angus Thomson (1856–1943), Australian politician
- Joe Thomson (1948–2018), academic
- Joe Thomson (footballer) (born 1997), Scottish footballer with Celtic
See also
- Joseph Thompson (disambiguation)