Josef František (7 October 1914 – 8 October 1940) was a Czech fighter pilot and Second World War fighter ace who flew for the air forces of Czechoslovakia, Poland, France, and the United Kingdom. He was the highest-scoring non-British Allied ace in the Battle of Britain, with 17 confirmed victories and one probable, all gained in a period of four weeks in September 1940.

František was a brilliant pilot and combatant but frequently breached air force discipline first in Czechoslovakia, in France and Britain. The RAF found it best to let him patrol alone, a role in which he was highly successful. He was killed in a crash in October 1940 in the final week of the Battle of Britain.

Life in Czechoslovakia

Josef František was born in 1914 in Otaslavice in Moravia, Austria-Hungary (now the Czech Republic), the son of a carpenter. After leaving school, he was apprenticed to a locksmith, but in 1934 he joined the Czechoslovak Air Force. He was trained at the Air Training School at Prostějov. In 1935, he was a corporal in the 1st Air Regiment. In 1936, he completed training and was posted to the 2nd Air Regiment at Olomouc in Moravia, where he flew Aero A.11 and Letov Š-328 reconnaissance biplanes. By 1937, he was a sergeant.

František got into trouble for fighting, returning late to his unit, and other breaches of discipline. He could have been dishonourably discharged, but he showed exceptional promise as a pilot, so he was sent to the 4th Air Regiment to train as a fighter pilot. In June 1938, he became a fighter pilot with the 40th Fighter Flight at Prague-Kbely flying Avia B-534 and Bk-534 biplane fighters. Here he developed his flying and combat skills. His British CO, Squadron Leader Ronald Kellett, offered to get František transferred to a Czech squadron. František, perhaps due to his clash with the Czechoslovak air attaché in Paris, chose to stay with his Polish colleagues. As all pilots were valuable, a compromise was reached whereby František was allotted a "spare" aircraft so he could fly as a "guest" of the squadron as and when he wanted. a monument outside the František family home, and a plaque outside the local primary school. A street in the Černý Most suburb of Prague is named "Františkova" after him. On 6 October 2015 the Polish Institute in Prague commemorated the 75th anniversary of František's death. Wreaths and floral tributes continue to be laid on his birthday each year at the monument outside the family home in Otaslavice. On 4 September 2022 a memorial was unveiled on Priest Hill in Ewell, England, not far from the place he died.

thumb|Memorial stone in Otaslavice, Czechia|alt=Josef František - memorial stone in Otaslavice, Czechia

thumb |Josef František memorial at Priest Hill, unveiled 4 September 2022.

Honours and awards

:60px Virtuti Militari Silver Cross (Poland)

:60px Cross of Valour 4 times (Poland)

:60px Croix de guerre with palm leaf (France)

:60px Distinguished Flying Medal and bar (United Kingdom) (1 Oct. 1940, 28 Oct. 1940)

:60px 1939–1945 Star with Battle of Britain clasp

:60px Czechoslovak War Cross 1939

:60px Czechoslovak Za chrabrost před nepřítelem ("Bravery in Face of the Enemy")

:60px Czechoslovak Za zásluhy, 2. stupně ("Medal of Merit, Second Class")

Posthumously the president of Czech Republic, Miloš Zeman awarded him the Order of the White Lion 1st Class Military Division on 28 Oct. 2015.

Josef František was portrayed by Kryštof Hádek in the 2018 film Hurricane: 303 Squadron. He was also referenced by Polish rock band Elektryczne Gitary in the song "Pilot Josef František", as a part of their 2016 album "Czasowniki".

Josef František will be portrayed by Tadeáš Moravec in an upcoming film Lone Wolf.

References

Notes

Bibliography

  • Tadeusz Jerzy Krzystek, Anna Krzystek: Polskie Siły Powietrzne w Wielkiej Brytanii w latach 1940-1947 łącznie z Pomocniczą Lotniczą Służbą Kobiet (PLSK-WAAF). Sandomierz: Stratus, 2012, s. 182.
  • Piotr Sikora: Asy polskiego lotnictwa. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza Alma-Press. 2014, s. 404–405.
  • Biography – Sgt FRANTISEK Josef (archived)