John Macpherson Berrien (August 23, 1781January 1, 1856) was a United States senator from Georgia and Attorney General of the United States during the presidency of Andrew Jackson.

Early life and education

Berrien was born on August 23, 1781, at Rockingham, his parents' home in Rocky Hill, New Jersey. His father was Major John Berrien and grandfather was Judge John Berrien, and his mother was Margaret Macpherson. The next year his parents moved with him to Savannah, Georgia, in 1782. His mother died three years later.

Berrien graduated from Princeton College in 1796, studied law (read the law) in Savannah, and was admitted to the bar at the age of 18. He moved to Louisville, Georgia, where he started a practice in 1799.

Political career

He returned to Savannah, where he was elected solicitor of the eastern judicial circuit of Georgia in 1809. He was elected as judge of the same circuit in 1810, serving until January 30, 1821, when he resigned. he argued against the freedom of slaves captured at sea noting slavery "lay at the foundation of the Constitution" and that slaves "constitute the very foundation of your union".

On March 9, 1829, he resigned from the Senate to accept the position of Attorney General in the Cabinet of President Andrew Jackson. Later Berrien supported states' rights in the Nullification Crisis. In the case of the Negro Seamen Acts, he considered the acts to be appropriate exercises of the states' police powers, and beyond the reach of the federal government. He resigned from the office of Attorney General on June 22, 1831, a result of the Petticoat affair, along with Secretary of State Martin Van Buren (resigned on May 23), Secretary of the Treasury Samuel D. Ingham (June 20), and Secretary of the Navy John Branch (May 12).

He served as the chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary in the 20th, 26th and 27th Congresses. He was president of the American Party convention at Milledgeville in 1855.

Berrien was a slaveholder, and owned 90 according to the 1830 U.S. census. In 1840, he owned eight slaves at his house in Savannah, Georgia, and an additional 140 slaves in surrounding Chatham County. In 1850, he owned 143 slaves.

Death and legacy

Berrien died at his home, now known as the John Berrien House (named for his father),

Berrien was one of the Georgia Historical Society's founders in 1839 and served as the organization's first president. The Georgia Historical Society holds a substantial collection of Berrien papers (including important material relating to the Petticoat affair). The Society also annually presents the John Macpherson Berrien Award, a lifetime achievement award recognizing outstanding contributions to Georgia history.

References

  • John Macpherson Berrien Papers in the Digital Library of Georgia
  • John Macpherson Berrien papers at the Georgia Historical Society

Biography

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-