thumb|right|250px|The city of Rouen in 1610. Titelouze spent most of his life here, working as organist of the [[Rouen Cathedral.]]

Jean (Jehan) Titelouze (c. 1562/63 – 24 October 1633) was a French Catholic priest, composer, poet and organist of the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods. He was a canon and organist at Rouen Cathedral. His style was firmly rooted in the Renaissance vocal tradition and as such, was far removed from the distinctly French style of organ music that developed during the mid-17th century. However, his hymns and Magnificat settings are the earliest known published French organ collections, and he is regarded as the first composer of the French organ school.

Life

left|thumb|230px|The [[Rouen Cathedral, where Titelouze worked from 1588 until his death in 1633.]]

In a 1930 study, Amédée Gastoué suggested that the surname Titelouze may be of English or Irish origin (more specifically, derived from "Title-House"), but recently this supposition has been disproven, and "Titelouze" is now linked to "de Toulouse". Titelouze was born in Saint-Omer in 1562/3 (his exact date of birth is unknown) and educated there; by 1585, he entered the priesthood and served as organist of the Saint-Omer Cathedral. He moved to Rouen later that year and in 1588, succeeded François Josseline as organist of the Rouen Cathedral. His work was not limited to Rouen: he also acted as organ consultant and helped with the installation and repair of important instruments in various cities.

The second collection, Le Magnificat ou Cantique de la Vierge pour toucher sur l'orgue suivant les huit tons de l'Église, published in 1626, contains eight Magnificat settings in all eight church modes. There are seven versets in each setting, presenting the odd-numbered versets of the canticle, with two settings of Deposuit potentes:

  1. Magnificat
  2. Quia respexit
  3. Et misericordia
  4. Deposuit potentes, first setting
  5. Deposuit potentes, second setting
  6. Suscepit Israel
  7. Gloria Patri et Filio

In the preface, Titelouze explains that this structure makes these Magnificat settings usable for the Benedictus. Save for the introductory ones, all of the versets are fugal. Most feature two main points of imitation: the first concludes on the mediant cadence of the mode, and so, Titelouze writes, the organist can shorten any verset during the service by substituting this cadence with one on the final.

Media

Notes

References

  • Apel, Willi. 1972. The History of Keyboard Music to 1700. Translated by Hans Tischler. Indiana University Press. . Originally published as Geschichte der Orgel- und Klaviermusik bis 1700 by Bärenreiter-Verlag, Kassel.
  • Gastoué, Amédée. 1930. Note sur la généalogie et la famille de l'organiste Titelouze, RdM, xi, pp. 171–5.
  • Silbiger, Alexander. 2004. Keyboard Music Before 1700. Routledge.

General information

  • Jehan Titelouze: a short biographical sketch and analysis of Hymnes

Sheet music

  • Complete opera in the edition of Alexandre Guilmant in 1897
  • Free scores (and midi files) by J. Titelouze at the Mutopia Project

Audio

  • Listen to the last verset of Titelouze's setting of Urbs Jerusalem
  • [Michel Chapuis joue Titelouze à Saint-Séverin:] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iy-SEQiasrg