The Indochinese green magpie (Cissa hypoleuca), also known as the yellow-breasted magpie, is a small colourful bird native to the forests of China and Vietnam.
Taxonomy
The Indochinese green magpie was formally described in 1885 by the Italian zoologists Tommaso Salvadori and Enrico Hillyer Giglioli under the current binomial name Cissa hypoleuca based on a specimen collected in Thủ Dầu Một near Ho Chi Minh City in southern Vietnam. The specific epithet hypoleuca combines the Ancient Greek / meaning "beneath" with / meaning "white".
The genus Cissa includes three other short-tailed magpies species: the common green magpie (Cissa chinensis), the Javan green magpie (Cissa thalassina), and the Bornean green magpie (Cissa jefferyi). The name Cissa is derived from the Ancient Greek kissa which means a "jay" or "magpie" and the genus was discovered by Friedrich Boie in 1826. They all look very similar with their green plumage, iridescent red bill and black mask. They are part of the Corvidae family with crows, ravens, jays, amongst many others. As a perching bird, it is in the order Passeriformes, which includes more than half of all bird species.
Subspecies
Five subspecies are recognised:
- C. h. jini Delacour, 1930 – central south China
- C. h. concolor Delacour & Jabouille, 1928 – north Vietnam
- C. h. chauleti Delacour, 1926 – central Vietnam
- C. h. hypoleuca Salvadori & Giglioli, 1885 – southeast Thailand and south Indochina
- C. h. katsumatae Rothschild, 1903 – Hainan Island (off southeast China)
Description
thumb|Normal plumage with yellow underbelly
thumb|Indochinese green magpie
This small bird is approximately in length and has a unique fluorescent plumage just like the other members of the Cissa genus. However, its body is mostly green and those with an underbelly of yellow color are unique to the southern populations in Southeast Asia with the exception of the Chinese population that still have green underbellies, just like the other Cissa birds. They have a black band that goes from their bill, over their crimson eyes, and to the back of their head, that looks similar to the mask of the popular movie character Zorro. They have long reddish-brown flight feathers, and a bill and legs that are brightly red colored. Both sexes look mostly similar, but the juveniles have duller colors than the adults. Duller colors can also be seen when the birds are exposed to too much sunlight.
Distribution and habitat
The yellow-breasted magpie is native to Asia, and can be found in China, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam. It can tolerate altitudes of up to and they span over a region of about . They stay in these areas all year long and do not migrate.
It can be found in moist forests within the tropical and subtropical regions of their distribution. Due to their bright green plumage, they can be seen easily when jumping from branch to branch in foliage. Therefore this is why they mainly occur in the tree canopies of forests, as this camouflages their green plumage better, protecting them from predation. The Indochinese green magpie does not migrate and stays in its native range. It has a mainly carnivorous diet and eats lot of different things. An adult Indochinese green magpie once lived for 18 years in captivity. When hunting their prey, they stalk it, corner it and then the male will make the kill. It can produce sounds like noisy chattering, rasping notes, screeches, and ringing whistles.
Food and feeding
The yellow-breasted magpie can eat a lot of different things, as it is carnivorous. Its diet includes small frogs, insects, eggs of snakes and lizards, and nestlings. The insects from its diet eat a lot of lutein-rich plants, which is a yellow carotenoid pigment. This component is what makes the birds from the Cissa genus go from blue to bright green. Malnourished birds can be found to be more of a blue color due to the lack of the lutein pigment, since its body does not produce it.
Breeding
The month of May appears to be the month when their breeding is recorded. They were found to lay approximately 4 eggs in captivity. They place their nest hidden in a tree at a height of above the ground. Their nest resembles a bowl made of small branches. Its generation length is of 6.7 years. It is difficult to gauge the concurrent status of conservation of the Indochinese green magpie as we have not been able to quantify its global population size.