thumb|right|250px|Ute chief Severo and his family 1899
thumb|right|200px|[[Shoshone Indian and his horse]]
The Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin are Native Americans of the northern Great Basin, Snake River Plain, and upper Colorado River basin. The "Great Basin" is a cultural classification of Indigenous peoples of the Americas and a cultural region located between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada, in what is now Nevada, and parts of Oregon, California, Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah. The Great Basin region at the time of European contact was ~. There is very little precipitation in the Great Basin area which affects the lifestyles and cultures of the inhabitants.
Great Basin peoples
- Fremont culture (400 CE–1300 CE), Utah
- Palagewan
- Pahkanapil
Northern Paiute
- Northern Paiute, eastern California, Nevada, Oregon, southwestern Idaho
Mono
- Mono, southeastern California
- Eastern Mono (Owens Valley Paiute), southeastern California
- Western Mono, southeastern California
Southern Paiute
- Southern Paiute, Arizona, Nevada, Utah
- Chemehuevi, southeastern California
- Kaibab, northwestern Arizona
- Kaiparowits, southwestern Utah
- Moapa, southern Nevada
- Panaca
- Panguitch, Utah
- Paranigets, southern Nevada
- Shivwits, southwestern Utah
Shoshone
- Eastern Shoshone people:
:* Guchundeka', Kuccuntikka, Buffalo Eaters
:* Tukkutikka, Tukudeka, Mountain Sheep Eaters, joined the Northern Shoshone
- Western Shoshone people:
:*Kusiutta, Goshute (Gosiute), Great Salt Desert and Great Salt Lake, Utah
Ute
thumb|right|Jose Romero and family, all Ute, photochrome postcard
- Northern Ute
- San Pitch, central Utah
- Seuvarits, Moah Utah area
- Timpanogos, north central Utah
- Uncompahgre (Tabeguache), central and northern Colorado
- Uintah
- White River Utes, Colorado and eastern Utah
- Parianuche, along Colorado River valley in central and western Colorado
- Sabuagana, along Colorado River valley in central and western Colorado
- Yampa
- Southern Ute
- Capote, southeastern Colorado and New Mexico The earliest evidence of people in the Great Basin is from projectile points found that were dated pre-clovis from over 13,000 years ago. They lived into the Archaic period, where people were mainly hunter and gatherers. Prehistoric people if the Great Basin were believed to be big game hunters, hunting large animals of the time such as mammoths. They lived in rock shelters and began hunting smaller game and gathering more, seen by the decline of projectile points and also the extinction of many large animals during the time.
During the Archaic period, people began to adopt agricultural like domesticating crops such as beans and squash, developing irrigation systems. Dart points are still dated back to this time, and hunting is still prevalent in this late archaic period, as well as the start of sedentary lifestyle adopted by post-archaic tribes. In the Numic language-speakers, ancestors of today's Western Shoshone and both Northern Paiute people and Southern Paiute people entered the region around the 14th century CE.
The first Europeans to document their encounters with Native groups in the Great Basin was Juan María Antonio de Rivera's expedition in 1765. Rivera led two expeditions from Santa Fe that year, the first departing sometime in June. Rivera's party camped with Paiutes on the Dolores River in July, and returned to Santa Fe for supplies. His second expedition departed Santa Fe in late September and went considerably farther, crossing the Colorado just south of present-day Moab, Utah. Rivera's diaries greatly influenced the Domínguez–Escalante expedition, which set off 11 years later in 1776 and passed far from present day Delta, Utah.
In 1930, the Ely Shoshone Reservation was established, followed by the Duckwater Indian Reservation in 1940.
Notes
External links
- Great Basin Native Artists, a collective of indigenous artists from the Great Basin
- Great Basin artwork in Infinity of Nations, National Museum of the American Indian
fi:Pohjois-Amerikan ylätasangon intiaanit