In Praise of Learning is a studio album by British avant-rock group Henry Cow, recorded at Virgin Records' Manor studios in February and March 1975, and released in May 1975. On this album, Henry Cow had expanded to include members of Slapp Happy, who had merged with the group after the two collaborated on Desperate Straights in 1974. The merger ended after recording In Praise of Learning, when Peter Blegvad and Anthony Moore of Slapp Happy left the group.
Content
In Praise of Learning was Henry Cow's most overtly political album. Printed on the back of the album cover is filmmaker John Grierson's quote "Art is not a mirror – it is a hammer", and the Tim Hodgkinson composition "Living in the Heart of the Beast" made explicit the band's left-wing political leanings, with Dagmar Krause's powerful voice adding a new dimension to their music. by Slapp Happy with session musicians in May 1974, but was not released. It was re-recorded during the making of the first Slapp Happy/Henry Cow collaborative album, Desperate Straights, but was held back for release on In Praise of Learning. Moore later rearranged the song for his 1979 solo album, Flying Doesn't Help. "War" was also covered by The Fall on their 1994 album Middle Class Revolt.
"Living in the Heart of the Beast" began as an unfinished instrumental that Hodgkinson presented to the group, which was cut up and performed live in 1974 with improvisational sections added. One such performance, Halsteren, was recorded in Halsteren in September 1974, and appears in Volume 2: 1974–5 of The 40th Anniversary Henry Cow Box Set (2009). After the merger with Slapp Happy, Hodgkinson commissioned Blegvad to write lyrics for the piece for Krause to sing. But after several attempts, Blegvad admitted that he was "out of [his] depth", and Hodgkinson wrote the lyrics himself.
Chris Cutler's lyrics on "Beautiful as the Moon – Terrible as an Army with Banners" were the first he had written; the song was the first product of the partnership between him and Fred Frith that later grew into Art Bears with Krause. The song also became the longest lasting "building block" the band used in subsequent live performances.
Album and track titles
The album's title was taken from "In Praise of Learning", a poem by Bertolt Brecht, which is one of several "In Praise of ..." poems he wrote.
The title of the track "Beautiful as the Moon – Terrible as an Army with Banners" comes from a line in the Bible's Song of Solomon: "Who is she that looketh forth as the morning, fair as the moon, clear as the sun, and terrible as an army with banners?" Writing in Beyond and Before: Progressive Rock Since the 1960s, Paul Hegarty and Martin Halliwell posit that the track titles "Beginning: The Long March" and "Morning Star" refer to Mao Zedong's Long March and the Communist Party of Great Britain newspaper Morning Star respectively.
Cover art
The cover art by artist Ray Smith was the third of three of his "paint socks" to feature on Henry Cow's albums, the first being on Legend (1973).
Smith was not credited on the original LP release of the album. He was not happy with the text on the cover and asked that it be omitted, as was done on Legend cover. But his request was denied. When he asked to be credited under a pseudonym, that was also denied and his name was left off the credits. He was later credited on the CD releases of the album.
Hegarty and Halliwel suggest that Smith's red sock is "an antidote" to the "extravagant" album cover art work of commercial progressive rock bands.
Remixes and reissues
The album was remixed in 1985 for a vinyl reissue on the band's own Broadcast label. This remix was used in the 1991 East Side Digital Records CD issue, with one extra track, "Lovers of Gold" (an alternate version of "Beginning: The Long March" by Chris Cutler). "Lovers of Gold" includes texts by Cutler and sung by Krause near the beginning; they are printed in the CD liner notes.
In 2000 Recommended Records and East Side Digital issued a remastered version of In Praise of Learning on CD with the original 1975 mix and without the bonus track. The "Lovers of Gold" bonus track would later reappear on the Cow Cabinet of Curiosities disc in The 40th Anniversary Henry Cow Box Set (2009).
Reception
A review at AllMusic called In Praise of Learning, the result of Henry Cow and Slapp Happy's brief merger, "stunning" and "bracing", and said "No one has ever, before or since, sounded like this incarnation of Henry Cow". He said it is "revolutionary" in the sense that it is both "innovatory" and promoting "a revolution in government". With quotes from Mao Zedong, "no punches [are] pulled ... all the cards are on the table", although Lake did feel that Henry Cow tend to be "over-scholarly" at times.