Bill Clinton, the 42nd president of the United States, was impeached by the United States House of Representatives of the 105th United States Congress on December 19, 1998. The House adopted two articles of impeachment against Clinton, with the specific charges against Clinton being lying under oath and obstruction of justice. Two other articles had been considered but were rejected by the House vote.
Clinton's impeachment came after a formal House inquiry, which had been launched on October 8, 1998. The charges for which Clinton was impeached stemmed from a sexual harassment lawsuit filed against Clinton by Paula Jones. During pre-trial discovery in the lawsuit, Clinton gave testimony denying that he had engaged in a sexual relationship with White House intern Monica Lewinsky. The catalyst for the president's impeachment was the Starr Report, a September 1998 report prepared by Ken Starr, Independent Counsel, for the House Judiciary Committee. The Starr Report included details outlining a sexual relationship between Clinton and Lewinsky. Clinton was the second American president to be impeached, the first being Andrew Johnson, who was impeached in 1868.
The approved articles of impeachment would be submitted to the United States Senate on January 7, 1999. A trial in the Senate then began, with Chief Justice William Rehnquist presiding. On February 12, Clinton was acquitted on both counts as neither received the necessary two-thirds majority vote of the senators present for conviction and removal from office—in this instance 67 votes were needed. On Article One, 45 senators voted to convict while 55 voted for acquittal. On Article Two, 50 senators voted to convict while 50 voted for acquittal. Clinton remained in office for the remainder of his second term.
Background
In 1994, Paula Jones filed a lawsuit accusing Clinton of sexual harassment when he was governor of Arkansas. Clinton attempted to delay a trial until after he left office, but in May 1997 the Supreme Court unanimously rejected Clinton's claim that the Constitution immunized him from civil lawsuits, and shortly thereafter the pre-trial discovery process commenced.
Separate from this, in January 1994, Attorney General Janet Reno appointed Robert B. Fiske as an Independent counsel to investigate the Whitewater controversy.
In a January 17, 1998, sworn deposition, Clinton denied having a "sexual relationship", "sexual affair", or "sexual relations" with Lewinsky. His lawyer, Robert S. Bennett, stated with Clinton present that Lewinsky's affidavit showed there was no sex in any manner, shape or form between Clinton and Lewinsky. The Starr Report states that the following day, Clinton "coached" his secretary Betty Currie into repeating his denials should she be called to testify.
After rumors of the scandal reached the news, Clinton publicly said, "I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky." But months later, Clinton admitted his relationship with Lewinsky was "wrong" and "not appropriate". Lewinsky engaged in oral sex with Clinton several times.
One of Clinton's defenses against the charges was claiming his testimony had been dismissed in the Jones case because the judge had ruled it immaterial to her lawsuit. The media and other defenders picked up on this and reported this as fact. However, as noted in Hofstra Law Review citing Judge Wright's contempt ruling and referral to the Arkansas Bar for disbarment:
"Effectively taking judicial notice of the "immateriality" spin which
Clinton defenders had put on that ruling, Judge Wright later expressly
held that "contrary to numerous assertions, this Court did not rule that
evidence of the Lewinsky matter was irrelevant or immaterial to the issues
in plaintiff's case."' Judge Wright repeated "that such evidence
might have been relevant to plaintiff's case," probative to "'establish,
among other things, intent, absence of mistake, motive, and habit on the
part of the President."
Jones vs Clinton 993 F. Supp. 1217, 1222 (E.D. Ark. 1998)
Judge Wright ruling
In the report, Starr argued that there were eleven possible grounds for impeachment of Clinton, including perjury, obstruction of justice, witness tampering, and abuse of power. The report also detailed explicit and graphic details of the sexual relationship between Clinton and Lewinsky.
Independent counsel investigation
The charges arose from an investigation by Ken Starr, an Independent Counsel. With the approval of United States Attorney General Janet Reno, Starr conducted a wide-ranging investigation of alleged abuses, including the Whitewater controversy, the firing of White House travel agents, and the alleged misuse of FBI files. On January 12, 1998, Linda Tripp, who had been working with Jones's lawyers, informed Starr that Lewinsky was preparing to commit perjury in the Jones case and had asked Tripp to do the same. She also said Clinton's friend Vernon Jordan was assisting Lewinsky. Based on the connection to Jordan, who was under scrutiny in the Whitewater probe, Starr obtained approval from Reno to expand his investigation into whether Lewinsky and others were breaking the law.
A much-quoted statement from Clinton's grand jury testimony showed him questioning the precise use of the word "is". Contending his statement that "there's nothing going on between us" had been truthful because he had no ongoing relationship with Lewinsky at the time he was questioned, Clinton said, "It depends upon what the meaning of the word 'is' is. If the—if he—if 'is' means is and never has been, that is not—that is one thing. If it means there is none, that was a completely true statement." Starr obtained further evidence of inappropriate behavior by seizing the computer hard drive and email records of Monica Lewinsky. Based on the president's conflicting testimony, Starr concluded that Clinton had committed perjury. Starr submitted his findings to Congress in a lengthy document, the Starr Report, which was released to the public via the Internet a few days later and included descriptions of encounters between Clinton and Lewinsky. Starr was criticized by Democrats for spending $70 million on the investigation. Critics of Starr also contend that his investigation was highly politicized because it regularly leaked tidbits of information to the press in violation of legal ethics, and because his report included lengthy descriptions which were humiliating and irrelevant to the legal case.
Impeachment inquiry by the House Committee on the Judiciary
On October 8, 1998, the United States House of Representatives voted to authorize a broad impeachment inquiry, thereby initiating the impeachment process. The Republican controlled House of Representatives had decided this with a bipartisan vote of 258–176, with 31 Democrats joining Republicans. Since Ken Starr had already completed an extensive investigation, the House Judiciary Committee conducted no investigations of its own into Clinton's alleged wrongdoing and held no serious impeachment-related hearings before the 1998 midterm elections. Impeachment was one of the major issues in those elections.
In the November 1998 House elections, the Democrats picked up five seats in the House, but the Republicans still maintained majority control. The results went against what House Speaker Newt Gingrich predicted, who, before the election, had been reassured by private polling that Clinton's scandal would result in Republican gains of up to thirty House seats. Shortly after the elections, Gingrich, who had been one of the leading advocates for impeachment, announced he would resign from Congress as soon as he was able to find somebody to fill his vacant seat; Gingrich fulfilled this pledge, and officially resigned from Congress on January 3, 1999.
Impeachment proceedings were held during the post-election, "lame duck" session of the outgoing 105th United States Congress. Unlike the case of the 1974 impeachment process against Richard Nixon, the committee hearings were perfunctory but the floor debate in the whole House was spirited on both sides. The Speaker-designate, Representative Bob Livingston, chosen by the Republican Party Conference to replace Gingrich as House Speaker, announced the end of his candidacy for Speaker and his resignation from Congress from the floor of the House after his own marital infidelity came to light.
In the same speech, Livingston also encouraged Clinton to resign. Clinton chose to remain in office and urged Livingston to reconsider his resignation.
Many other prominent Republican members of Congress (including Dan Burton, The next day, December 12, the committee agreed to send a fourth and final article, for abuse of power, to the full House by a 21–17 vote, again, along party lines.
Although proceedings were delayed due to the bombing of Iraq, on the passage of H. Res. 611, Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives on December 19, 1998, on grounds of perjury to a grand jury (first article, 228–206) and obstruction of justice (third article, 221–212). The two other articles were rejected, the count of perjury in the Jones case (second article, 205–229) and abuse of power (fourth article, 148–285). Clinton thus became the second U.S. president to be impeached; the first, Andrew Johnson, was impeached in 1868. The only other previous U.S. president to be the subject of formal House impeachment proceedings was Richard Nixon in 1973–74. The Judiciary Committee agreed to a resolution containing three articles of impeachment in July 1974, but Nixon resigned from office soon thereafter, before the House took up the resolution.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan=5 style="background:#f5f5f5" | H. Res. 611 – Impeaching President Bill Clinton<br>December 19, 1998
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
! rowspan=2 | First article<br>(perjurygrand jury)
! colspan=3 | Party
! rowspan=2 | Total votes
! 2nd<br>(perjury/Jones case)<br>
! 3rd<br>(obstruction of justice)<br>
! 4th<br>(abuse of power)<br>
|-
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| data-sort-value="Abercrombie, Neil" | Neil Abercrombie
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| data-sort-value="Ackerman, Gary" | Gary Ackerman
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| data-sort-value="Aderholt, Robert" | Robert Aderholt
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| data-sort-value="Allen, Tom" | Tom Allen
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background-color:#C0C0C0;" | Did not vote || style="background-color:#C0C0C0;" | Did not vote
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| data-sort-value="Andrews, Rob" | Rob Andrews
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background-color:#C0C0C0;" | Did not vote || style="background-color:#C0C0C0;" | Did not vote || style="background-color:#C0C0C0;" | Did not vote || style="background-color:#C0C0C0;" | Did not vote
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
|
|
| |
| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
|
| |
| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
|-
|
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
|-
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay || style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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| Yea || Yea || Yea || Yea
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Articles referred to Senate
Article I, charging Clinton with perjury, alleged in part that:
Article II, charging Clinton with obstruction of justice alleged in part that:
Senate trial
thumb|upright=.90|Tickets dated January 14 and 15, 1999, for President Bill Clinton's impeachment trial that were given to former President [[Gerald Ford]]
Preparation
Between December 20 and January 5, Republican and Democratic Senate leaders negotiated about the pending trial. There was some discussion about the possibility of censuring Clinton instead of holding a trial.
Clinton was defended by Cheryl Mills. Clinton's counsel staff included Charles Ruff, David E. Kendall, Dale Bumpers, Bruce Lindsey, Nicole Seligman, Lanny A. Breuer and Gregory B. Craig.
Process and schedule
The Senate trial began on January 7, 1999, with Chief Justice of the United States William Rehnquist presiding. The first day consisted of formal presentation of the charges against Clinton, and of Rehnquist swearing in all senators. however, senators tabled the question of whether to call witnesses in the trial. The trial remained in recess while briefs were filed by the House (January 11) and Clinton (January 13).
The managers presented their case over three days, from January 14 to 16, arguing for removal of the President from office by virtue of what they characterized as Clinton's "willful, premeditated, deliberate corruption of the nation's system of justice through perjury and obstruction of justice". The defense presentation took place January 19–21. Clinton's defense counsel argued that the case made against Clinton was, "an unsubstantiated, circumstantial case that does not meet the constitutional standard to remove the President from office".
On January 25, Senator Robert Byrd moved for dismissals of both articles of impeachment. On the following day, Representative Bryant moved to call witnesses to the trial, a question the Senate had scrupulously avoided to that point. In both cases, the Senate voted to deliberate on the question in private session, rather than public, televised procedure. On January 27, the Senate voted on both motions in public session; the motion to dismiss failed on a nearly party line vote of 56–44, while the motion to depose witnesses passed by the same margin. A day later, the Senate voted down motions to move directly to a vote on the articles of impeachment and to suppress videotaped depositions of the witnesses from public release, Senator Russ Feingold again voting with the Republicans.
Over three days, February 1–3, House managers took videotaped closed-door depositions from Monica Lewinsky, Clinton's friend Vernon Jordan, and White House aide Sidney Blumenthal. On February 4, however, the Senate voted 70–30 that excerpting these videotapes would suffice as testimony, rather than calling live witnesses to appear at trial. The videos were played in the Senate on February 6, featuring 30 excerpts of Lewinsky discussing her affidavit in the Paula Jones case, the hiding of small gifts Clinton had given her, and his involvement in procurement of a job for Lewinsky.
On February 8, closing arguments were presented with each side allotted a three-hour time slot. On the President's behalf, White House Counsel Charles Ruff declared: