ISO/IEC 14443 Identification cards – Contactless integrated circuit cards – Proximity cards is an international standard that defines proximity cards used for identification, and the transmission protocols for communicating with it. The development of ISO/IEC 14443 began in the early 1990s, driven by the growing need for secure and efficient short-range wireless communication technologies for identification and payment systems. ISO/IEC 14443 is called contactless short-range standard with a higher RF speed compared to some other RFID standard such as ISO/IEC 15693.
Standard
The standard is developed by ISO/IEC JTC 1 (Joint Technical Committee 1) / SC 17 (Subcommittee 17) / WG 8 (Working Group 8).
Parts
- ISO/IEC 14443-1:2018 Part 1: Physical characteristic
Both Type A and Type B cards only allow half duplex communication with a 106 kbit per second data rate in each direction. Data transmitted by the card is load modulated with a 847.5 kHz subcarrier. (847.5 kHz is one-sixteenth of the 13.56 carrier frequency provided by the reader.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Comparison of Type A & Type B Cards
(Reader to Card Communication)
!Feature
!Type A
!Type B
|-
|Frequency
|13.56 MHz
|13.56 MHz
|-
|Modulation
|100% ASK
|10% ASK
|-
|Bit Coding
|Modified Miller
|NRZ-L (Non-Return-to-Zero-Level)
|-
|Data Rate
|106 kbps
|106 kbps
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Comparison of Type A & Type B Cards
(Card to Reader Communication)
!Feature
!Type A
!Type B
|-
|Modulation
|Load Modulation
|Load Modulation
|-
|Bit Coding (Modulation)
|OOK (On-Off Keying)
|BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying)
|-
|Subcarrier Frequency
|847 kHz
|847 kHz
|-
|Bit Coding (Data)
|Manchester
|NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero)
|-
|Data Rate
|106 kbps
|106 kbps
|}
Physical size
Part 1 of the standard specifies that the card shall be compliant with ISO/IEC 7810 or ISO/IEC 15457-1, or "an object of any other dimension".