thumb|[[Himeji Castle in Himeji, a UNESCO World Heritage Site]]

is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. Hyōgo Prefecture has a population of 5,469,762 () and a geographic area of . Hyōgo Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the east, Osaka Prefecture to the southeast, and Okayama and Tottori prefectures to the west.

Kobe is the capital and largest city of Hyōgo Prefecture, and the seventh-largest city in Japan, with other major cities including Himeji, Nishinomiya, and Amagasaki. Hyōgo Prefecture's mainland stretches from the Sea of Japan to the Seto Inland Sea, where Awaji Island and a small archipelago of islands belonging to the prefecture are located. Hyōgo Prefecture is a major economic center, transportation hub, and tourist destination in western Japan, with 20% of the prefecture's land area designated as Natural Parks. Hyōgo Prefecture forms part of the Kobe metropolitan area and Osaka metropolitan area, the second-most-populated urban region in Japan after the Greater Tokyo area and one of the world's most productive regions by GDP.

History

thumb|200px|Map of Hyogo Prefecture with former [[Provinces of Japan|provincial boundaries and current prefectural offices:<br />1.Kobe city (divided between Harima and Settsu)<br />2.Settsu (Hanshin South office)<br />3.Settsu (Hanshin North office)<br />4.Harima East office<br />5.Harima North office<br />6.Harima Central office<br />7.Harima West office<br />9.Tanba office<br />8.Tajima office<br />10.Awaji office<br>Areas beyond Harima West belonged to Mimasaka (north) and Bizen (south)]]

Present-day Hyōgo Prefecture includes the former provinces of Harima, Tajima, Awaji, and parts of Tanba and Settsu.

In 1180, near the end of the Heian period, Emperor Antoku, Taira no Kiyomori, and the Imperial court moved briefly to Fukuhara, in what is now the city of Kobe. There the capital remained for five months. Himeji Castle, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is in the city of Himeji.

Southern Hyōgo Prefecture was severely devastated by the 6.9 Mw Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995, which destroyed major parts of Kobe and Awaji, as well as Nishinomiya and Ashiya and the neighboring Osaka Prefecture, killing nearly 6,500 people.

Geography

thumb|right|Kobe

thumb|right|Takarazuka

thumb|right|Sumoto

thumb|right|Tatsuno

thumb|right|Shiso

Hyōgo has coastlines on two seas: to the north, the Sea of Japan, to the south, the Seto Inland Sea. On Awaji Island, Hyōgo borders the Pacific Ocean coastline in the Kii Channel. The northern portion is sparsely populated, except for the city of Toyooka, The central highlands are only populated by tiny villages. Most of Hyōgo's population lives on the southern coast, which is part of the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area. Awaji is an island that separates the Inland Sea and Osaka Bay, lying between Honshu and Shikoku.

Summertime weather throughout Hyōgo is hot and humid. As for winter conditions, the north of Hyōgo tends to receive abundant snow, whilst the south receives only the occasional flurry.

Hyōgo borders on Osaka Prefecture, Kyoto Prefecture, Tottori Prefecture and Okayama Prefecture.

20% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks, namely the Sanin Kaigan and Setonaikai National Parks; Hyōnosen-Ushiroyama-Nagisan Quasi-National Park; and Asago Gunzan, Harima Chūbu Kyūryō, Inagawa Keikoku, Izushi-Itoi, Kasagatayama-Sengamine, Kiyomizu-Tōjōko-Tachikui, Onzui-Chikusa, Seiban Kyūryō, Seppiko-Mineyama, Tajima Sangaku, and Taki Renzan Prefectural Natural Parks.

Current municipalities

Islands

  • Awaji Island
  • Ieshima Islands

Two major artificial islands are located Hyōgo Prefecture:

  • Port Island
  • Rokkō Island

National parks

  • Hyōnosen-Ushiroyama-Nagisan Quasi-National Park
  • Sanin Kaigan National Park
  • Setonaikai National Park

<gallery mode="packed">

File:Hyonosen02s1760.jpg|Hyōnosen-Ushiroyama-Nagisan Quasi-National Park (Mt. Hyonosen view from Yabu)

File:Cercidiphyllum japonicum05s3200.jpg|Hyōnosen-Ushiroyama-Nagisan Quasi-National Park (Torokawataira in Kami)

File:TakenoBeach Hyogo prefecture.jpg|Sanin Kaigan National Park (Takeno Beach in Toyooka)

File:Tajima mihonoura39st3200.jpg|Sanin Kaigan National Park (Tajima-mihonoura of Sanin Coast in Shinonsen)

</gallery>

Mergers

Future mergers

The city of Akō and the only town in Akō District (Kamigōri), were scheduled to merge and the city would still retain the name Akō. Akō District would be defunct if the merger was successful. However, the merger has not taken place.

Economy

thumb|Hyogo prefecture population pyramid in 2020

As in all prefectures nationwide, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries play a big role in the economy of Hyogo Prefecture.

Hyōgo Prefecture also has an IT industry, many heavy industries, metal and medical, Kobe Port being one of the largest ports in Japan. Kobe Port also hosts one of the world's fastest supercomputers, and Hyogo Prefecture passed laws to keep Kobe Port free of nuclear weapons (a nuclear-free zone) since the year 1975.

Hyōgo is a part of the Hanshin Industrial Region. There are two research institutes of Riken, natural sciences research institute in Japan, in Kobe and Harima. "SPring-8", a synchrotron radiation facility, is in Harima.

thumb|500px|center|[[Port of Kobe|Kobe Port]]

Culture

National Treasures of Japan

  • Chōkō-ji in Katō
  • Chorakuji in Kami, Hyōgo (Mikata)
  • Himeji Castle in Himeji (UNESCO World Heritage Site)
  • Ichijō-ji in Kasai
  • Jōdo-ji in Ono
  • Kakurin-ji in Kakogawa
  • Taisan-ji in Kobe

<gallery mode="packed">

File:Jodoji Ono Hyogo01n3200.jpg|Jōdo-ji in Ono

File:Ichijoji Kasai13bs4272.jpg|Ichijo-ji in Kasai

File:Kakogawa Kakurinji12n4592.jpg|Kakurin-ji in Kakogawa

File:Hyogo-mikata-kami-kawai chorakuji-daibutsu.jpg|Chorakuji-daibutsu

</gallery>

Important Preservation Districts for Groups of Historic Buildings in Japan

  • Izushi
  • Kitano-chō Yamamoto-dōri
  • Sasayama

<gallery mode="packed">

File:Choueke house02 1920.jpg|Kitano-chō Yamamoto-dōri

File:Ganjoji-Toyooka02s4592.jpg|Izushi

File:Sasayama Okachi-machi05st3200.jpg|Sasayama

</gallery>

Museums

  • Asago Art Village in Asago
  • Ashiya City Museum of Art & History in Ashiya
  • Hakutsuru Fine Art Museum in Higashinada Ward, Kobe
  • Himeji City Museum of Art in Himeji
  • Hyōgo Prefectural Museum of Art in Nada Ward, Kobe
  • Kobe City Museum in Chuo Ward, Kobe
  • Kobe Maritime Museum in Chuo Ward, Kobe
  • Kosetsu Museum of Art in Higashinada Ward, Kobe
  • Tekisui Museum of Art in Ashiya
  • Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum in Takarazuka

<gallery mode="packed">

File:Hyogo prefectural museum of art08s3200.jpg|Hyōgo Prefectural Museum of Art in Kobe

File:Kobe city museum01 1920.jpg|Kobe City Museum in Kobe

File:Kosetsu Museum：香雪美術館 - panoramio.jpg|KOSETSU Museum of Art in Kobe

File:Himeji City Museum of Art20bs4480.jpg|Himeji City Museum of Art in Himeji

File:Asago Art Village08n4272.jpg|Asago Art Village in Asago

File:Tezuka osamu01 2048.jpg|Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum in Takarazuka

</gallery>

Education

Universities

Amagasaki

  • Sonoda Women's University
  • St. Thomas University (ex-Eichi University) – closed in 2015

Takarazuka

  • Koshien University
  • Takarazuka University

Sanda

  • Kwansei Gakuin University (Sanda Campus)

Nishinomiya

  • Kobe College
  • Kwansei Gakuin University
  • Mukogawa Women's University
  • Otemae University

Ashiya

  • Ashiya University

Kobe

  • Kobe City University of Foreign Studies
  • Kobe Institute of Computing
  • Kobe Gakuin University
  • Kobe Shukugawa Gakuin University
  • Kobe University
  • Kobe University of Commerce
  • Kobe Women's University
  • Konan University
  • University of Hyogo
  • University of Marketing and Distribution Sciences

Kato

  • Hyogo University of Teacher Education

Akashi

  • University of Hyogo

Kakogawa

  • Hyogo University

Himeji

  • Himeji Dokkyo University
  • Himeji Institute of Technology
  • Himeji Kinki University
  • University of Hyogo

Akō

  • University of Hyogo

High schools

There are 163 public and 52 private high schools within Hyogo prefecture. Of the public high schools, some are administered by the Hyogo prefectural government, whilst the others are administered by local municipalities.

  • Ashiya International Secondary School, founded 2003

Sports

thumb|[[Kyocera Dome Osaka]]

The sports teams listed below are based in Hyōgo.

Baseball

  • Hanshin Tigers (Nishinomiya)
  • Orix Buffaloes (Kobe)

Basketball

  • Kobe Storks (Kobe)

Football (soccer)

  • INAC Kobe Leonessa (Women's) (Kobe)
  • Vissel Kobe (Kobe)

Rugby

  • Kobelco Steelers (Kobe)
  • World Fighting Bull (Kobe)

Volleyball

  • Hisamitsu Springs (Kobe)
  • JT Marvelous (Nishinomiya)

Tourism

A popular troupe of Takarazuka Revue plays in Takarazuka.

Arima Onsen in the south of the province in Kita-ku, Kobe is one of the Three Ancient Springs in Japan. The north of Hyogo Prefecture has sightseeing spots such as Kinosaki Onsen, Izushi, and Yumura Onsen. Takeda Castle in Asago is often referred to locally as the "Machu Picchu of Japan". The matsuba crab and Tajima beef are both national delicacies.

<gallery mode="packed">

File:170811 Rokko-Arima Ropeway Kobe Japan00n.jpg|Arima Onsen, Kobe

File:Night view of Osaka bay.jpg|Million-dollar view, Kobe

File:Kobe Mosaic06s4s3200.jpg|Harborland – Meriken Park area in Kobe

File:Westin Awaji Island Hotel 06.jpg|Awaji Yumebutai in Awaji

File:Ichikawa river Ikuno Asago Hyogo01s5bs4272.jpg|Kuchiganaya in Asago

File:Kinosaki onsen02 1920.jpg|Kinosaki Onsen

File:Yumura onsen11s1920.jpg|Yumura Onsen

File:Tonomine highland 01 b.jpg|Tonomine highland in Kamikawa

File:Kounotori 06f4439.jpg|Toyooka Stork Park

File:20130507 takeda castle 10.jpg|Takeda Castle

</gallery>

Festivals and events

thumb|Dekansho Bon Dancing Festival

thumb|Castle Festival in Himeji

  • Miyuki Street New Year's midnight traditional sale, Himeji
  • Nishinomiya Shrine's Ebisu Festival in January
  • Yanagihara Ebisu Festival in January, Kobe
  • Tada Shrine's Genji Festival in April, Kawanishi
  • Kobe Festival and Parade in May
  • Aioi Peron Festival in May
  • Himeji Yukata Festival in June
  • Dekansho Bon Dancing Festival in August, Sasayama
  • Nada Fighting Festival, Himeji
  • Kobe Luminarie in December
  • Ako Chushingura Parade

Transportation

Rail

  • JR West
  • San'yō Shinkansen
  • JR Kobe Line
  • Wadamisaki Line
  • San'yō Main Line
  • San'in Line
  • Fukuchiyama Line (JR Takarazuka Line)
  • Kakogawa Line
  • Bantan Line
  • Kishin Line
  • Akō Line
  • Hankyu Railway
  • Kobe Line
  • Kobe Kosoku Line
  • Itami Line
  • Imazu Line
  • Koyo Line
  • Takarazuka Line
  • Nose Railway
  • Myoken Line
  • Nissei Line
  • Shintetsu
  • Arima Line
  • Kobe Kosoku Line
  • Sanda Line
  • Kōen-Toshi Line
  • Ao Line
  • Kobe Municipal Subway
  • Seishin-Yamate Line
  • Kaigan Line
  • Hokushin Line
  • Hojo Railway (Ao-Hojo)
  • Hanshin Railway
  • Main Line
  • Kobe Kosoku Line
  • Mukogawa Line
  • Hanshin Namba Line
  • Sanyo Railway
  • Main Line
  • Aboshi Line
  • Chizu Express
  • Kitakinki Tango Railway
  • Miyazu Line

People movers

  • Kobe New Transit
  • Port Liner
  • Rokkō Liner

Road

Expressways

  • Bantan Expressway
  • Chūgoku Expressway
  • Hanshin Expressway
  • Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway
  • Maizuru-Wakasa Expressway
  • Meishin Expressway
  • San'yō Expressway
  • Second Shinmei road

National highways

  • Route 2
  • Route 9
  • Route 28
  • Route 29
  • Route 43
  • Route 171
  • Route 173
  • Route 174 (Sannomiya-Kobe Port)
  • Route 175
  • Route 176
  • Route 178
  • Route 179
  • Route 250
  • Route 312
  • Route 372
  • Route 373
  • Route 426
  • Route 427
  • Route 428
  • Route 429
  • Route 436
  • Route 477
  • Route 482
  • Route 483

Ports

  • Akashi Port
  • Kobe Port – Mainly international container hub port
  • Shikama Port – Mainly Shōdo Island route ferry

Airport

  • Kobe Airport
  • Konotori Tajima Airport

Kansai International Airport in nearby Osaka Prefecture is also used by air travellers from the prefecture as it provides most domestic and international travel.

Notable people

  • Ume Aoki, manga artist
  • Mana Ashida, child actress from Nishinomiya
  • Koichi Domoto, singer of KinKi Kids
  • Heath, musician, singer-songwriter and bassist of X Japan is from Amagasaki.
  • Hiro Fujiwara, manga artist
  • Miracle Hikaru, comedian and impersonator is from Toyooka.
  • Kanō Jigorō, founder of the martial art judo
  • Jun, musician, singer-songwriter and guitarist of Phantasmagoria is from Kobe.
  • Shinji Kagawa, footballer from Kobe
  • Tomoya Kanki, drummer of One Ok Rock
  • Takumi Kawanishi (J-pop idol singer and dancer, member of JO1)
  • Tomomi Ogawa, bassist of Scandal
  • Itzuki Yamazaki, professional wrestler from Ieshima
  • Kaoru, guitarist of Dir En Grey
  • Ayaka Kimura, actress, former singer of Coconuts Musume is from Kobe.
  • Keiko Kitagawa, actress from Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon and Buzzer Beat was born in Kobe.
  • Miho Komatsu, singer and songwriter from Kobe
  • Yūji Kuroiwa, politician from Kobe, current governor of Kanagawa Prefecture
  • Kamui Kobayashi, former Sauber and Toyota Racing driver from Amagasaki
  • Chisa Maekawa, singer of Girl Next Door
  • Kiyomatsu Matsubara, ichthyologist, herpetologist and marine biologist
  • Hitoshi Matsumoto, comedian, from Amagasaki
  • Aya Matsuura, singer is from Himeji.
  • Ryuto Kazuhara, vocalist of Generations from Exile Tribe is from Amagasaki.
  • Mina Myoui – American-born Japanese singer of South Korean group Twice. Raised in Nishinomiya
  • Hiro Matsushita – Businessman, former driver in Champ Car series. Chairman of Swift Engineering & Swift Xi
  • Miyavi, musician, although born in Konohana-ku, Osaka grew up in Kawanishi
  • Minako Nishiyama, contemporary artist
  • Rena Nōnen known professionally as , actress, singer, fashion model from Kamikawa
  • Kaori Sakamoto, Figure Skater
  • Masamune Shirow, manga artist was born in Kobe.
  • Yoko Shimomura, video game composer
  • So Taguchi, outfielder for the Chicago Cubs
  • Masahiro Tanaka, pitcher for the New York Yankees
  • Nagaru Tanigawa, creator of the Haruhi Suzumiya series was born in Kinki.
  • Tsuneko Taniuchi, contemporary performance artist
  • Fumito Ueda, video game creator of Ico, Shadow of the Colossus, and The Last Guardian
  • Juri Ueno, Japanese Academy Award-winning actress best known for her performances in Swing Girls and the live-action adaptation of Nodame Cantabile, is from Kakogawa.
  • Shota Yasuda, guitarist of Kanjani Eight is from Amagasaki.
  • Ryo Utsunomiya, wildlife photographer
  • Piko, musician, Vocaloid singer born in Kobe, Hyōgo

<!-- Please maintain alphabetical order of this list and not simply add names to the bottom -->

Sister regions

Hyogo entered a sister state relationship with Washington state in the United States on October 22, 1963, the first such arrangement between Japan and the United States.

In 1981, a sister state agreement was drawn up between Hyogo and the state of Western Australia in Australia. To commemorate the 10th anniversary of this agreement in 1992, the Hyogo Prefectural Government Cultural Centre was established in Perth.

See also

  • Banshu Yamasaki Iris Garden
  • Fastest Computer in the world

Notes

Citations

General references

  • Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. . .
  • Official Hyōgo prefecture homepage
  • Hyōgo prefecture tourist guide
  • Hyōgo Business & Cultural Center
  • Medical Services in Hyōgo prefecture