right|thumb|upright=1.35|Diagram of horsts and grabens
In geology, horst and graben (or range and valley) refers to topography consisting of alternating raised and lowered fault blocks known as horsts and grabens. The features are created by normal faulting and rifting caused by crustal extension. Horst and graben are formed when normal faults of opposite dip occur in pairs with parallel strike, and are always formed together. Each feature can range in size from a few centimeters up to tens of kilometers, and the vertical displacement can be up to several thousand meters. The movement on either side of each block is typically equal, resulting in little tilting.
Features
Horst
A horst is a section of crust that has been lifted relative to the blocks on either side, which is a result of its bounding faults dipping away from each other.<!-- add more examples, turn into a table -->
See also
- Rift (geology)
- Half-graben
- Basin and range topography