thumb|right|Holly Springs railroad depot

thumb|right|[[Montrose (Holly Springs, Mississippi)|Montrose, an antebellum mansion in Holly Springs]]

thumb|right|The [[Bolling–Gatewood House, home to Ida B. Wells]]

thumb|right|[[Graceland Too in Holly Springs]]

Holly Springs is a city in and the county seat of Marshall County, Mississippi, United States, near the border with Tennessee to the north. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,968, Along with the Mississippi Delta, in the 19th century, the area was developed for cotton plantations. After the Civil War, many freedmen continued to work in agriculture as sharecroppers and tenant farmers.

As the county seat, Holly Springs is a center of trade and court sessions. The city has several National Register of Historic Places-listed properties and historic districts, including the Southwest Holly Springs Historic District, Holly Springs Courthouse Square Historic District, Depot-Compress Historic District, and East Holly Springs Historic District. Hillcrest Cemetery contains the graves of five Confederate generals and has been called "Little Arlington of the South".

History

European Americans founded Holly Springs in 1836 on territory occupied by the Chickasaw people for centuries before Indian Removal. Most of their land was ceded under the Treaty of Pontotoc Creek of 1832. Many early U.S. migrants were from Virginia,

Newcomers established the Chalmers Institute, later known as the University of Holly Springs, Mississippi's oldest university.

The area was developed with extensive cotton plantations dependent on the labor of enslaved African Americans. Many had been transported from the Upper South in the domestic slave trade, breaking up families. The cotton industry suffered in the crisis of 1840, but soon recovered. In ensuing years, the line was completed to the south of Hill Springs. Toward the end of the 19th century, the Kansas City, Memphis and Birmingham Railroad was constructed to intersect this line in Holly Springs.

During the Civil War, Union general Ulysses S. Grant temporarily used Holly Springs as a supply depot and headquarters while mounting an effort to take the city of Vicksburg.

After the war and emancipation, many freedmen stayed in the area, working as sharecroppers on former plantations. The city sits on high ground that drains to the north and the west toward tributaries of the Coldwater River, and to the southeast toward Big Spring Creek, a tributary of the Little Tallahatchie River.

Climate

Holly Spring's climate is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Holly Springs has a humid subtropical climate. On December 23, 2015, a massive EF4 tornado struck the town around 6:00 pm, causing significant damage. James Richard Anderson, the Marshall County coroner, confirmed the boy's death.

Demographics

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, Holly Springs had a population of 6,968. The median age was 37.2 years. 18.0% of residents were under the age of 18 and 15.1% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 105.5 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 108.5 males age 18 and over.

79.8% of residents lived in urban areas, while 20.2% lived in rural areas.

There were 2,202 households and 1,259 families in Holly Springs, of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 24.4% were married-couple households, 18.2% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 51.8% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. of 2000, there were 7,957 people, 2,407 households, and 1,699 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 2,582 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 22.81% White, 76.18% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.06% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.59% of the population.

There were 2,407 households, out of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.3% were married couples living together, 31.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.4% were non-families. 27.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.22.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 19.1% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 17.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $23,408, and the median income for a family was $25,808. Males had a median income of $29,159 versus $20,777 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,924. About 27.5% of families and 32.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 44.6% of those under age 18 and 21.2% of those age 65 or over.

Education

The city is served by the Holly Springs School District. Marshall Academy is a private institution for the MPSA, offering K-4 through 12th grade.

Rust College was established in 1866 by the Freedman's Aid Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church to serve freedmen and is a historically black college.

The now defunct Mississippi Industrial College, intended as a vocational training school, was in Holly Springs, as was the Holly Springs Female Institute.

Notable people

  • Seth Adams (born 1985), University of Mississippi football quarterback
  • Robert Belfour (1940-2015), blues musician
  • Spires Boling (1812–1880), architect and builder
  • R. L. Burnside (1926–2005), blues musician
  • Kate Freeman Clark (1875–1957), painter
  • Edward Hull "Boss" Crump (1874–1954), head of the dominant Democratic Party political machine in Memphis during the first half of the 20th century; born in Holly Springs
  • Cassi Davis (born 1964), actress
  • Clifton DeBerry (1924–2006), first African American nominated for President of the United States by a political party (Socialist Workers Party, 1964, 1980); born in Holly Springs
  • Wall Doxey (1892–1962), Mississippi politician, served as congressman and U.S. senator; Wall Doxey State Park was named after him
  • Charlie Feathers, (1932-1998), rockabilly musician
  • Winfield S. Featherston (1820–1891), two-term member of United States House of Representatives, Confederate brigadier general during the Civil War, later a state politician and circuit court judge
  • William Baskerville Hamilton (1908-1972), historian who taught public school in Holly Springs in the 1930s
  • Syl Johnson (1936-2022), blues and soul singer
  • Verina Morton Jones (1865–1943), African-American physician and the first woman to practice medicine in the state; served as resident physician at Rust College
  • Junior Kimbrough (1930–1998), blues musician
  • Jeremy LeSueur (born 1980), University of Michigan football defensive back
  • Paul Maholm (born 1982), pitcher for four major league teams over his career
  • Gary Montez Martin (1973–2019), perpetrator of the 2019 Aurora, Illinois shooting
  • Mel and Tim (Mel Hardin and Tim McPherson), soul musicians from Holly Springs who recorded at Stax Records in Memphis
  • Hiram Rhodes Revels (1822–1901), first African American to serve in the United States Senate; first president of Alcorn State University; taught theology at Shaw University (present-day Rust College)
  • Lation Scott (1893-1917), African American lynching victim
  • Shepard Smith (born 1964), American broadcast journalist for NBC News and CNBC; born in Holly Springs and attended high school at Marshall Academy, one of the private schools in town
  • James F. Trotter (1802–1866), judge and U.S. senator who resided in Holly Springs until his death
  • Irving Vendig (1902–1995), television writer
  • Edward Cary Walthall (1831–1898), Confederate general, lawyer, and U.S. senator from Mississippi
  • Ida B. Wells (1862–1931), African-American journalist, anti-lynching activist, and advocate for civil rights and women's rights; born in Holly Springs
  • Absolom M. West (1818–1894), planter, politician, Civil War general and labor organizer, resided in Holly Springs after the Civil War until his death

See also

  • Strawberry Plains Audubon Center

References

  • Holly Springs Ledger, 1837-1904 (MUM00232) at the University of Mississippi.