thumb|300px|The Center for Nanoscale Materials at the [[Advanced Photon Source]]

High-performance computing (HPC) is the use of supercomputers and computer clusters to solve advanced problems.

Overview

HPC integrates systems administration (including network and security knowledge), parallel computing and distributed computing into a multidisciplinary field that combines digital electronics, computer architecture, system software, programming languages, algorithms and computational techniques.

The term is most commonly associated with computing used for scientific research or computational science. A related term, high-performance technical computing (HPTC), generally refers to the engineering applications of cluster-based computing (such as computational fluid dynamics and the building and testing of virtual prototypes). HPC has also been applied to business uses such as data warehouses, line of business (LOB) applications, and transaction processing.

High-performance computing (HPC) as a term arose after the term "supercomputing". HPC is sometimes used as a synonym for supercomputing; but, in other contexts, "supercomputer" is used to refer to a more powerful subset of "high-performance computers", and the term "supercomputing" becomes a subset of "high-performance computing". The potential for confusion over the use of these terms is apparent.

Because most current applications are not designed for HPC technologies but are retrofitted, they are not designed or tested for scaling to more powerful processors or machines. simulated the performance, safety, and reliability of nuclear weapons and certifies their functionality. However security in the cloud concerns such as data confidentiality are still considered when deciding between cloud or on-premise HPC resources.

Current leading Supercomputers

Below is a list of the main HPCs by computing power, as reported in the Top500 list:

  • El Capitan: this HPE Cray EX255a system reaches 1.742 exaFLOPS with 1,051,392 CPU cores and 9,988,224 accelerator cores, totaling 11,039,616 cores. It uses Slingshot-11 interconnect technology and is housed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA.
  • Frontier: boasting 1.353 exaFLOPS, this HPE Cray EX235a system features 614,656 CPU cores and 8,451,520 accelerator cores, making a total of 9,066,176 cores. It operates with Slingshot-11 interconnects at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA.
  • Aurora: this Intel-powered system delivers 1.012 exaFLOPS, leveraging Xeon and Ponte Vecchio architectures. It is installed at Argonne National Laboratory, USA.
  • Eagle: powered by Intel Xeon Platinum 8480C 48C 2GHz processors and NVIDIA H100 GPUs, Eagle reaches 561.20 petaFLOPS of computing power, with 2,073,600 cores. It features NVIDIA Infiniband NDR for high-speed connectivity and is hosted by Microsoft Azure, USA.
  • HPC6: the most powerful industrial supercomputer in the world, HPC6 was developed by Eni and launched in November 2024. With 606 petaFLOPS of computing power, it is used for energy research and operates in Italy. It is located in the Eni Green Data Center in Ferrera Erbognone (PV).
  • Fugaku: developed by Fujitsu, this system achieves 442.01 petaFLOPS using A64FX 48C 2.2GHz processors and Tofu interconnect D technology. It is located at RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Japan.
  • Alps: this HPE Cray EX254n system reaches 434.90 petaFLOPS, powered by NVIDIA Grace 72C 3.1GHz processors and NVIDIA GH200 Superchips, connected through Slingshot-11 interconnects. It is located at CSCS, Switzerland.
  • LUMI: one of Europe's fastest supercomputers, LUMI achieves 379.70 petaFLOPS with AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2GHz processors and AMD Instinct MI250X accelerators. It is hosted by CSC, Finland, as part of the EuroHPC initiative.
  • Leonardo: developed under the EuroHPC initiative, this BullSequana XH2000 system reaches 241.20 petaFLOPS with Xeon Platinum 8358 32C 2.6GHz processors and NVIDIA A100 SXM4 64GB accelerators. It is installed at CINECA, Italy.
  • Tuolumne: Tuolumne achieves 208.10 petaFLOPS and is powered by AMD 4th Gen EPYC 24C 1.8GHz processors and AMD Instinct MI300A accelerators. It operates at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA.
  • MareNostrum 5 ACC: this BullSequana XH3000 system runs at 175.30 petaFLOPS, featuring Xeon Platinum 8460Y+ 32C 2.3GHz processors and NVIDIA H100 64GB accelerators. It is hosted by the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Spain, as part of EuroHPC.

See also

  • Distributed computing
  • Quantum computing
  • Metacomputing
  • Grand Challenge
  • High Productivity Computing Systems
  • High-availability cluster
  • High-throughput computing
  • Many-task computing
  • Supercomputing
  • Urgent computing
  • GPU workstation

References

  • HPCwire
  • Top 500 supercomputers
  • Rocks Clusters Open-Source High Performance Linux Clusters
  • News Articles & Policy Reports on High-Performance Scientific Computing
  • The Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens (MIEP)
  • The Art of HPC: Textbooks by Victor Eijkhout of TACC
  • Vol.1: The Science of Computing
  • Vol.2: Parallel Programming for Science Engineering
  • Vol.3: Introduction to Scientific Programming in C++17/Fortran2008
  • Vol.4: Tutorials for High Performance Scientific Computing