Heinz Fischer

Heinz Fischer (; born 9 October 1938) is an Austrian politician who served as the president of Austria from 2004 to 2016. Fischer previously served as minister for science from 1983 to 1987 and as president of the National Council of Austria from 1990 to 2002. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) until 2004, he suspended his party membership as he became president.

Early life

Fischer was born in Graz, Styria, which had recently become part of Nazi Germany, following Germany's annexation of Austria in March 1938. Fischer attended a grammar school which focused on humanities and graduated in 1956. He studied law at the University of Vienna, earning a doctorate in 1961. Apart from being a politician, Fischer also pursued an academic career, and became a professor of Political Science at the University of Innsbruck in 1994.

Political career

thumb|upright|left|Re-election party in 2010

Fischer was a member of the Austrian parliament, the National Council, from 1971, and served as its president from 1990 to 2002. From 1983 to 1987 he was minister for science in a coalition government headed by Fred Sinowatz.

First term as president

In January 2004 Fischer announced that he would run for president to succeed Thomas Klestil. He was elected on 25 April 2004 as the candidate of the opposition Social Democratic Party. He polled 52.4 per cent of the votes to defeat Benita Ferrero-Waldner, then foreign minister in the ruling conservative coalition led by the People's Party.

Fischer was sworn in on 8 July 2004 and took over office from the college of presidents of the National Council, who had acted for the president following Klestil's death on 6 July.

Second term as president

thumb|Fischer with Japanese prime minister [[Yukio Hatoyama in Tokyo on 30 September 2009]]

thumb|Fischer with Argentine president [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner in the Pink House.]]

thumb|With ministers [[Josef Ostermayer|Ostermayer and Klug at the opening of the Memorial for the Victims of Nazi Military Justice on the Ballhausplatz]]

thumb|Fischer with Iranian supreme leader [[Ali Khamenei in Tehran on 8 September 2015]]

In April 2010, Fischer was re-elected president of Austria, winning a second six-year term in office with almost 79% of the votes. The voter turnout of merely 53.6% was a record low. Around a third of those eligible to vote voted for Fischer, leading the conservative daily Die Presse to describe the election as an "absolute majority for non-voters". The reasons behind the low turnout may have been that pollsters had predicted a safe victory for Fischer (past Austrian presidents running for a second term had always won) and that the other large party, ÖVP, had not nominated a candidate of their own, and had not endorsed any of the three candidates. Prominent ÖVP members, unofficially but in public, even suggested to cast a blank vote, which 7% of the voters did.

Post-presidency

In 2017, he and former UN secretary-general Ban-Ki Moon co-founded the Ban Ki-Moon Centre for Global Citizens, an international non-governmental organization to advance the Sustainable Development Goals, headquartered in Vienna.

Personal life

thumb|Heinz Fischer is welcomed to [[European Southern Observatory|ESO's premises in Santiago. ]] thumb|Arms as knight of the [[Royal Order of the Seraphim|Seraphim]]

Fischer identifies himself as agnostic and as a social democrat. He and Margit Binder married in 1968. The couple have two grown children.

Despite being members of opposing parties, Fischer was close friends with former ÖVP politician Sixtus Lanner.

He enjoys mountaineering and has been president of the Austrian Friends of Nature for many years.

Honours and awards

National honours

Federal order

2004: 60px Grand Star of Honour of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria (Austria)

State honours

2008: Ring of Honour of the Province of Styria
2008: Freedom of the City of Graz

Awards

2009: Florianiplakette of the Austrian Federal Fire Association in gold

Foreign honours

Foreign orders

1993: 60px Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (Italy)
2005: 60x60px Grand Collar of the Order of Prince Henry (Portugal)
2005: 60px Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (Spain)
2006: 60px Grand Cross of the Order of the Order of the White Rose of Finland (Finland)
2006: 60px Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (Hungary)
2006: 60px Collar of the Order pro merito Melitensi (Sovereign Military Order of Malta)
2007: 60px Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (Italy)
2007: 60px Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav (Norway)
2007: 60px Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim (Sweden)
2009: 60px Grand Cross with Golden Chain of the Order of Vytautas the Great (Lithuania)
2009: 60x60px Grand Collar of the Order of Saint James of the Sword (Portugal)
2014: 60px National Flag Order (Albania)
2015: 60px Grand Collar of the Order of the Condor of the Andes (Bolivia)
2016: 60px Order of the Balkan Mountains (Bulgaria)

Foreign awards

2008: Honorary Doctorate of Law Faculty of the University of Tel Aviv
2009: Honorary Doctorate from the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences