Hathor (, Hathōr), also known as Athyr (, Athýr) and Hatur (), is the third month of the ancient Egyptian and Coptic calendars. It lies between November 10 and December 9 of the Gregorian calendar.
The month of Hathor is also the third month of the season of Akhet (Inundation) in Ancient Egypt, when the Nile floods historically covered the land of Egypt; they have not done so since the construction of the High Dam at Aswan.
Name
The name of the month comes from Hathor, one of the most important goddesses in ancient Egypt. Festivals in her honor are thought to have taken place throughout the month.
Coptic Synaxarium of the month of Hathor
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:5%;"| Coptic
! style="width:5%;"| Julian
! style="width:5%;"| Gregorian
! style="width:50%;"| Commemorations
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 1
| October 28
| November 10
|
- Martyrdom of the Sts Maximus, Numitius, Victor (Boctor), and Philip (Philopus)
- Commemoration of St. Cleopas the Apostle and his companion.
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 2
| October 29
| November 11
|
- Departure of St. Peter III, the 27th Pope of Alexandria.
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 3
| October 30
| November 12
|
- Departure of St. Cyriacus the Anchorite.
- Departure of St. Athanasius & his sister St. Irene
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 4
| October 31
| November 13
|
- Martyrdom of Sts. John & James, bishops of Persia
- Martyrdom of St. Epimachus & St. Adrianus (Azarianus)
- Martyrdom of St. Thomas of Damascus
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 5
| November 1
| November 14
|
- Appearance of the head of Saint Longinus, the Soldier.
- Martyrdom of St. Timothy and the relocation of the body of St. Theodore, the Prince, to Shotb
- Departure of St. Joseph II, the 115th Pope of Alexandria.
- Enthronement of Pope Shenouda III, the 117th Pope of Alexandria.
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 6
| November 2
| November 15
|
- Departure of St. Felix, the 26th Bishop of Rome.
- Consecration of the Church of the Virgin in the Muharraq Monastery
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 7
| November 3
| November 16
|
- Martyrdom of St. George of Alexandria
- Martyrdom of St. Nehroua of Fayyum
- Departure of St. Mina, Bishop of Tamai (Thmoui)
- Consecration of the Church of St. George of Cappadocia
- Departure of Metropolitan Archbishop Athanasius, of the Metropolis of Beni Suef and El-Bahnasa.
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 8
| November 4
| November 17
|
- Commemoration of the Four Incorporeal Beasts
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 9
| November 5
| November 18
|
- Departure of St. Isaac, the 41st Pope of Alexandria.
- Assembly of the First Ecumenical Council at Nicaea in the year 325 AD.
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 10
| November 6
| November 19
|
- Martyrdom of St. Sophia & the Fifty Virgins
- Assembly of a council in Rome because of the Feast of Theophany and Lent
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 11
| November 7
| November 20
|
- Departure of St. Anne (Hannah), the mother of the Theotokos.
- Martyrdom of St. Archelaus and the martyrdom of Elisha the Hegumen
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 12
| November 8
| November 21
|
- Commemoration of Michael, the Archangel.
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 13
| November 9
| November 22
|
- Departure of St. Timothy, Bishop of Ansena
- Departure of St. Zacharias, the 64th Pope of Alexandria.
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 14
| November 10
| November 23
|
- Departure of St. Martinus (Martin), Bishop of Thrace
- Departure of Metropolitan Archbishop Mikhail, of the Metropolis of Asyut.
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 15
| November 11
| November 24
|
- Martyrdom of St. Menas, the Wonder Worker.
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 16
| November 12
| November 25
|
- Beginning of the Fast of the Nativity (Advent) in the Coptic Church
- Consecration of the Church of St. Abu-Nofer (Onuphrius)
- Martyrdom of St. Yostus, the Bishop
- Martyrdom of St. Wannas
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 17
| November 13
| November 26
|
- Departure of St. John Chrysostom.
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 18
| November 14
| November 27
|
- Martyrdom of the two saints Atrasis & Yoana (Junia)
- Martyrdom of St. Philip the Apostle.
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 19
| November 15
| November 28
|
- Consecration of the Church of St. Sergius & St. Bacchus
- Commemoration of the preaching of St. Bartholomew the Apostle
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 20
| November 16
| November 29
|
- Departure of St. Anianus, the 2nd Pope of Alexandria.
- Consecration of the churches of Prince Theodore, the Son of John El-Shotbe, and Prince Theodore El-Mishreke
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 21
| November 17
| November 30
|
- Commemoration of the Holy Virgin Saint Mary, the Mother of God (Theotokos).
- Departure of St. Gregory, the Wonder Worker.
- Departure of St. Cosma II, the 54th Pope of Alexandria.
- Commemoration of the Holy Martyrs Sts. Alphaeus, Zacchaeus, Romanus, & John
- Commemoration of the Sts Thomas, Victor, and Isaac of the City of Ashmunein
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 22
| November 18
| December 1
|
- Martyrdom of Sts. Cosmas and Damian, their brothers & their mother.
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 23
| November 19
| December 2
|
- Departure of St. Cornelius the Centurion.
- Consecration of the Church of St. Marina
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 24
| November 20
| December 3
|
- Commemoration of the Twenty-Four Priests
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 25
| November 21
| December 4
|
- Martyrdom of St. Mercurius, the saint with the two swords.
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 26
| November 22
| December 5
|
- Martyrdom of Sts. Tiburtius (Thiborinos), Valerian (Balaryanos), & Maximus.
- Commemoration of St. Gregory, Bishop of Nyssa.
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 27
| November 23
| December 6
|
- Martyrdom of St. James the Mangled (Sawn)
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 28
| November 24
| December 7
|
- Martyrdom of St. Sarapamon, Bishop of Niku
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 29
| November 25
| December 8
|
- Martyrdom of St. Peter, the 17th Pope of Alexandria.
- Martyrdom of St. Clement, the 4th Bishop of Rome.
|- valign="top"
| Hathor 30
| November 26
| December 9
|
- Departure of St. Acacius, Patriarch of Constantinople.
- Martyrdom of St. Macarius
- Consecration of the Church of Sts. Cosmas, Damian, their brothers and their mother
|}
See also
- Egyptian, Coptic, and Islamic calendars
References
Citations
Bibliography
- Synaxarium of the month of Hatour