was a Japanese artist who was one of 20th century Japan's most important and prolific printmakers. He was a prominent designer of the shin-hanga ("new prints") movement, whose artists depicted traditional subjects with a style influenced by . Like many earlier ukiyo-e prints, Kawase's works were commonly landscapes, but displayed atmospheric effects and natural lighting.

Kawase designed almost one thousand woodblock prints over a career that spanned nearly forty years. Towards the end of his life the government recognized him as a Living National Treasure for his contribution to Japanese culture.

Life

Born Bunjiro Kawase in 1883, as a youth he dreamed of an art career. His paternal uncle was Robun Kanagaki (1829–94), a Japanese author and journalist, who produced the first manga magazine. Kawase went to the school of the painter Bokusen Aoyagi as a young man. He sketched from nature, copied the masters' woodblock prints, and studied brush painting with Kanyu Araki. His parents had him take on the family rope and thread wholesaling business, but its bankruptcy when he was 26 led him to pursue art.

He approached Kiyokata Kaburagi to teach him , but Kaburagi instead encouraged him to study , which he did with Saburōsuke Okada for two years. Two years later he again applied as a student to Kaburagi, who this time accepted him.

Kawase built a new house in Magome in 1930, and Moon at Magome from the series Twenty Views of Tōkyō sold that year became his second best-selling work.thumb|In the garden of artist [[Shinsui Itō’s Tokyo home. Left to right, back row: Tesutaro Moriyama (assistant to publisher Watanabe); Hasui Kawase, collector Robert O. Muller, Inge Muller, Yoshiko Itō and Shinsui Itō. Left to right, front row: Shirō Kasamatsu and publisher Shōzaburō Watanabe, April 1940]]

Style

Kawase worked almost exclusively on landscape and townscape prints based on sketches and watercolors he made in Tokyo and during travels around Japan. However, his prints are not merely meisho (famous places) prints that are typical of earlier ukiyo-e masters such as Utagawa Hiroshige and Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849). Kawase's prints feature locales that are tranquil and obscure in urbanizing Japan.

thumb|Evening Snow at Terashima Village, 1920. From series [[c:Category:Twelve Scenes of Tōkyō|Twelve Scenes of Tokyo]]

In 1920, Kawase designed his first falling snow print. His snow scenes are among the most original and best of his works. He later recalled "In my earlier works there are novel expressions in carving line and forms: the artisans used to complain." He said of the relationship between designer and printer:

Kawase considered himself a realist and employed his training in yōga in his compositions. Like Hiroshige he made travel and landscape prints, though his subjects were less known locations rendered with naturalistic light, shade, and texture, without the captions and titles that were standard in prints of Hiroshige's age.

Kawase left a large body of woodblock prints and watercolors: many of the watercolors are linked to the woodblock prints. He also produced oil paintings, traditional hanging scrolls and a few byōbu (folding screens).

<gallery mode="packed" heights="230" >

Tabi miyage dai nishū, Uji Byōdō-in no ichibu by Kawase Hasui.jpg|Part of the Byōdō-in Temple at Uji, 1921

Tabi miyage dai nishū, Ojiya Asahi-bashi by Kawase Hasui.jpg|Asahi Bridge in Ojiya, 1921

NDL-DC 2586549-13 Kawase Hasui T15 crd.jpg|Kojaku Cavern, Oga Peninsula, 1926

The Pond at Benten Shrine in Shiba, Kawase Hasui, MFAB 50.2885.jpg|Pond at Benten Shrine in Shiba, 1929

NDL-DC 2586549-31 Kawase Hasui S05 crd.jpg|Moon at Magome, 1930

Nikko kaido hasui kawase.jpg|Nikkō Kaidō, 1930

Kawase Hasui (1931) Snow in Mukojima.jpg|Snow in Mukojima, 1931

Hasui Kawase, Shinagawa, 川瀬巴水, 品川.jpg|Shinagawa, 1931

NDL-DC 2586549-40 Kawase Hasui S06 crd.jpg|Meguro Fudō Temple, 1931/1935

NDL-DC 2586550-50 Kawase Hasui S0806 crd.jpg|Autumn at Oirase, 1933/1935

NDL-DC 2586550-74 Kawase Hasui S0812 crd.jpg|Hoshi Hot Spring in Jōshū, 1933/1935

NDL-DC 2586550-58 Kawase Hasui S0807 crd.jpg|Nenokuchi Lake Towada, 1933/1935

Hasui Kawase, Evening at Tagonoura, 川瀬巴水, 田子の浦の夕.jpg|Evening at Tagonoura, 1940

Heirin-ji, Nobidome, Hasui Kawase, 野火止 平林寺, 川瀬巴水.jpg|Heirin-ji, Nobidome, 1952

</gallery>

Important series and works

thumb|Hasui's final work, Hall of the Golden Hue, [[Hiraizumi, 1957]]

  • Twelve Scenes of Tokyo (1919–1921)
  • Souvenirs of Travel, Vol. I (1919–1920) Vol. II (1921) Vol. III (1924–1929)
  • The Mitsubishi Villa in Fukagawa (1920)
  • Selected Views of Japan (1922–1926)
  • Twenty Views of Tokyo (1925–1930)
  • New Eight Views of Japan (1927)
  • Selected Views of the Tokaido Road (1931–1947)
  • Collected Views of Japan, Eastern Japan (1932–1936)
  • Collected Views of Japan II, Kansai (1933–1943)
  • Collected Views of Kennan Mountain Villa in Moto-Hakone (1935)
  • One-hundred Views of New Tokyo (1936)
  • Shinto and Its Architecture (1936)
  • Eight Views of Korea (1939)
  • Pacific Transport Lines (1952)
  • Snow at Zōjō-ji (1953)
  • Hall of the Golden Hue, Hiraizumi (1957; Kawase's final work)

About dating of the prints: Many of them are reprinted 1960 after Kawase's death. (In Japan, it is unusual to number the prints, e.g. "5th of 100".)

Works in museums

Hasui Kawase's works are currently kept in several museums worldwide, including the British Museum, the Toledo Museum of Art, the Brooklyn Museum, the Indianapolis Museum of Art, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Portland Art Museum, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the University of Michigan Museum of Art, the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Stanley Museum of Art, the Walters Art Museum, the Clark Art Institute, the Smart Museum of Art, the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, and the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.

References

Works cited

Further reading

  • Brown, Kendall and Newland, Amy Reigle. Kawase Hasui: the Complete Woodblock Prints. Amsterdam: Hotei Publishing, 2003.
  • Brown, Kendall. Water and Shadow: Kawase Hasui and Japanese Landscape Prints. Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, 2014.
  • Narazaki, Muneshige. Kawase Hasui mokuhanga shu. Tokyo: Mainichi shinbunsha, 1979.
  • Catalogue of Hasui Kawase prints Approximately 950 woodblock prints
  • Kawase Hasui, Prints & Biography The Lavenberg Collection of Japanese Prints
  • "Hasui Watercolors and Prints - Some Comparisons" Robin Devereux
  • Ayumi Ohashi Reprinting Hasui's Lake Kawaguchi Video by David Bull (23 mins)
  • "Collecting Hasui: a Conversation with René and Carolyn Balcer" Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (16 mins)
  • Artelino
  • Kawase Hasui's works at Los Angeles County Museum of Art