Greenville ( ) is the county seat of and the most populous city in Hunt County, Texas, United States. As the "Gateway to East Texas", Greenville is located in Northeast Texas approximately northeast of Dallas and west of Sulphur Springs. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 28,164.

Greenville was named for Thomas J. Green, a significant contributor to the founding of the Texas Republic.

History

thumb|left|Cotton scene, public square, Greenville, Texas (postcard, )

Greenville was founded in 1846. The city was named after Thomas J. Green, a significant contributor to the establishment of the Texas Republic. He later became a member of the Congress of the Texas Republic.

As the Civil War loomed, Greenville was divided over the issue of secession, as were several area towns and counties. Greenville attorney and State Senator Martin D. Hart was a prominent Unionist. He formed a company of men who fought for the Union in Arkansas, even as other Greenville residents fought for the Confederacy. The divided nature of Greenville and Hunt County is noted by a historical marker in "The SPOT" Park at 2800 Lee Street in downtown Greenville. In the post-Civil War era, Greenville's economy became partly dependent on cotton, as the local economy entered a period of transition.

With a population of 12,384 in the 1920 census, the city was the 20th-most populous city in Texas at the time.

In World War II, the Mexican Escuadrón 201 was stationed in Greenville while training at nearby Majors Field.

Greenville was notorious for a large sign, installed on July 7, 1921, over Lee Street, the main street in the downtown district, between the train station and the bus station in the 1920s to 1960s. The sign read: "Welcome to Greenville, The Blackest Land, The Whitest People." The original sign was taken down and placed into storage on April 13, 1965, possibly at the urging of Texas Governor John Connally, who had made a visit to the town weeks before.

On May 12, 2011, a white buffalo was born near Greenville during a thunderstorm on the ranch of Arby Littlesoldier, who identified himself as a great-great-grandson of Sitting Bull. A public naming ceremony and dedication was held on June 29, 2011, during which the male calf was officially given the name "Lightning Medicine Cloud". However, on August 21, 2012, Lightning Medicine Cloud died. The sheriff's department declared it had died from a bacterial infection, but the owners disagree, claiming that the buffalo was allegedly skinned by an unknown party.

Geography

thumb|[[Panoramic map of the city in 1886 with list of landmarks]]

Greenville is located in Northeast Texas in central Hunt County, in the heart of the Texas Blackland Prairies and the East Central Texas forests, northeast of Dallas and approximately south of the Texas/Oklahoma border, on the eastern edge of the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex, and the western edge of East Texas.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Greenville has a total area of , of which are land and , or 2.46%, is covered by water.

| Jan avg record high F = 74.6

| Feb avg record high F = 78.0

| Mar avg record high F = 82.8

| Apr avg record high F = 87.2

| May avg record high F = 92.6

| Jun avg record high F = 97.4

| Jul avg record high F = 102.0

| Aug avg record high F = 103.8

| Sep avg record high F = 99.3

| Oct avg record high F = 92.3

| Nov avg record high F = 82.3

| Dec avg record high F = 75.8

| year avg record high F = 104.4

| Jan avg record low F = 17.8

| Feb avg record low F = 21.8

| Mar avg record low F = 26.5

| Apr avg record low F = 36.8

| May avg record low F = 46.5

| Jun avg record low F = 60.0

| Jul avg record low F = 66.3

| Aug avg record low F = 64.9

| Sep avg record low F = 51.8

| Oct avg record low F = 38.8

| Nov avg record low F = 27.6

| Dec avg record low F = 21.6

| year avg record low F = 15.6

Demographics

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, Greenville had a population of 28,164 people, 10,652 households, and 6,602 families. The median age was 34.7 years; 25.8% of residents were under 18 and 15.5% were 65 or older. For every 100 females, there were 95.1 males, and for every 100 females 18 and over, there were 90.9 males 18 and over.

About 94.2% of residents lived in urban areas, while 5.8% lived in rural areas.

Of the 10,652 households in Greenville, 34.4% had children under 18 living in them. Of all households, 42.2% were married-couple households, 19.8% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 30.9% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 29.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 or older.

! Race !! Number !! Percent

|-

| White || 16,442 || 58.4%

|-

| Black or African American || 3,995 || 14.2%

|-

| American Indian and Alaska Native || 329 || 1.2%

|-

| Asian || 379 || 1.3%

|-

| Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander || 45 || 0.2%

|-

| Some other race || 3,252 || 11.5%

|-

| Two or more races || 3,722 || 13.2%

|-

| Hispanic or Latino (of any race) || 7,882 || 28.0%

|}

Economy

thumb|The Hunt County cotton exhibit at the [[Audie Murphy American Cotton Museum]]

thumb|The Northeast Texas Farmers Co-op Sabine Valley Feeds mill in Greenville

In early years, Hunt County was known as the cotton capital of the world. The world's largest inland cotton compress was located in Greenville until it was destroyed by fire in the mid-1900s.

Currently, the largest industry is L3Harris Mission Integration Division (MID, formerly L3, E-Systems, Raytheon Intelligence and Information Systems (RIIS, IIS)) a major U.S. defense contractor located at Majors Airport. This airport, created in 1942 and initially financed by the local Rotary Club, was used as a training base for P-47 Thunderbolt fighter pilots in World War II and since then has served as a focal point for economic growth in Greenville.

Tourism is playing an increasing role in the local economy, with attractions such as Splash Kingdom Water Park, located on Interstate 30, and the redeveloping historic downtown featuring Landon Winery and the restored vintage Texan Theater, which opened in 2014. Greenville is also known for its saddle-making industry.

thumb|Greenville Municipal Auditorium in August 2015

According to the city's 2022–2023 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

{|class="wikitable"

|-

! #

! Employer

! # of Employees

|-

| 1

|L3Harris

|6,500

|-

|2

|Hunt Regional Medical Center

|1,100

|-

|3

|Greenville Independent School District

|844

|-

|4

|McKesson

|500

|-

|5

|Hunt County

|350

|-

|6

|Solvay

|350

|-

|7

|City of Greenville

|301

|-

|8

|Masonite International

|250

|-

|9

|Walmart Supercenter

|250

|-

|10

|Cytec Engineered Materials

|225

|-

|11

|Weatherford International

|225

|-

|12

|Innovation First

|225

|-

|13

|Raytheon

|200

|-

|14

|West Rock

|130

|}

thumb|Hunt Regional Medical Center

Entertainment includes multiple concerts at the Greenville Municipal Auditorium. The Greenville Chamber Music Society Concert Series features the Greenville Pops Orchestra for three concerts and eight additional jazz and classical concerts per year; community theatre productions are performed at the Greenville Family Theatre and Greenville Theatre Works. The historic Texan Theatre brings in multiple concerts each year, and local clubs with musical entertainment, live theater in nearby Commerce, local art shows, and a bowling alley offer year-round entertainment.

Tourism draws include the Audie Murphy/American Cotton Museum and the historic downtown area, which includes wineries, antique malls, public gardens, boutique shopping, and regular events at the 1,400-seat Greenville Municipal Auditorium. The Lee Street Jamboree is held the third weekend each September and includes the Cotton Patch Challenge Bicycle Ride. Each year, the community and city sponsor a Christmas Parade, Fourth of July Parade, and Veteran's Day Parade. In November each year, the Bob Wills Fiddle Festival is held downtown and at the Greenville Municipal Auditorium. Other annual events include the Hunt County Festival of the Arts, Lee Street Jamboree, the Hunt County Fair, Lit-Con, the Bottle Rocket Bash on July 4, and multiple local events sponsored by community groups and churches.

Greenville is also home to the Hunt Regional Medical Center.

Media

thumb|left|KGVL radio station in Greenville

Greenville is served by Dallas/Fort Worth television stations on local cable and also regular programming.

KGVL radio serves the city of Greenville. KETR in Commerce also serves the city of Greenville due to the proximity of the two cities.

In addition to The Dallas Morning News, which serves the entire Dallas/Fort Worth area, Greenville is served by a local daily newspaper, the Herald-Banner.

Education

thumb|Paris Junior College in Greenville

Primary and secondary education of Greenville is provided by Greenville Independent School District along with a charter school, Pioneer Technology and Arts Academy, and private institutions such as Greenville Christian School.

Postsecondary education is offered through Paris Junior College-Greenville Center. East Texas A&M University, a major university of over 12,000 students, is located northeast in Commerce.

Government

Local government

thumb|Greenville Police and Courts building in August 2015

According to the city's most recent Comprehensive Annual Financial Report Fund Financial Statements, the city's various funds had $19.9 million in revenues, $21.7 million in expenditures, $10.1 million in total assets, $1.8 million in total liabilities, and $1.4 million in investments.

Greenville is a voluntary member of the North Central Texas Council of Governments, the purpose of which is to coordinate individual and collective local governments and facilitate regional solutions, eliminate unnecessary duplication, and enable joint decisions.

State government

Greenville is represented in the Texas Senate by Republican Angela Paxton, District 8, and in the Texas House of Representatives by Republican Brent Money, District 2.

The Texas Department of Criminal Justice <!-- (TDCJ) --> operates the Greenville District Parole Office in Greenville.

Federal government

Republicans John Cornyn and Ted Cruz are Texas's U. S. Senators. Before the 2020 redistricting cycle, Greenville was represented by Texas's 4th congressional district for several decades. Since 2021, Greenville has been represented by Republican Keith Self who represents Texas's 3rd congressional district.

The United States Postal Service operates the Greenville, Greenville Finance, and Rolling Hills post offices.

Transportation

Roads

Interstate 30

  • 20px Interstate 30 (Martin Luther King Jr. Freeway) is a major route through Greenville. To the west, Interstate 30 goes through Rockwall and Dallas to Fort Worth. To the east, Interstate 30 goes through Sulphur Springs, Mount Pleasant, and Texarkana.

Commercial and residential developments line the interstate from Monty Stratton Parkway through Lamar Street. The frontage roads have recently been converted to one-way for safety due to increased traffic.

U.S. highways

  • 20px U.S. Highway 67 (Martin Luther King Jr. Freeway) and Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (70.0 miles).

Majors Airport is a municipal airport located in Greenville.

Public transportation

thumb|A Connection bus in Greenville

"The Connection" serves Greenville and all of Hunt County. The transit system operates Monday through Friday from 7 am to 7 pm. Reservations have to be made one day in advance. The charge is $2 ($4 round trip) if the passenger is traveling to a place within the same community or city, and $3 ($6 round trip) if the passenger is traveling from one city or community to another within Hunt County. The Connection will take Hunt County residents to Dallas, on a round-trip only basis: passengers are charged $34, and a minimum of three passengers is required.

Notable people

  • Byron Bell, player for NFL's Green Bay Packers and Dallas Cowboys
  • Yusuf Bey, Black Muslim activist, founder of Your Black Muslim Bakery in Oakland, California
  • John Boles, movie and stage actor of the early 20th century
  • Ernest Burkhart, one of the perpetrators of the Osage Indian murders under his uncle William King Hale
  • Brandon Couts, athlete, Baylor University Hall of Famer who ran professionally and specialized in 400 meter dash
  • Kay Granger, Republican politician with 12th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives
  • Dean E. Hallmark, pilot in the Doolittle Raid of April 18, 1942, on Tokyo
  • Mack Harrell, operatic baritone; father of cellist Lynn Harrell
  • Stanley Hauerwas, Gilbert T. Rowe Professor of Theological Ethics at Duke Divinity School
  • Burt Hooton, Major League Baseball pitcher, member of 1981 World Series champion Dodgers
  • V. E. Howard, minister who founded radio's International Gospel Hour
  • Ben Kweller, rock musician
  • Haldor Lillenas, prolific hymn writer and Gospel Music Hall of Fame inductee
  • George Maddox, former NFL player
  • Kimberly McCarthy, convicted murderer
  • Bart Millard, lead singer and founder of contemporary Christian band MercyMe
  • Robert Neyland, Hall of Fame football coach at Tennessee
  • Howie Parker, football player for SMU and the AAFC New York Yankees
  • Collin Raye, country music singer
  • Monty Stratton, Major League Baseball pitcher from the 1930s
  • Earl Thomas, former NFL wide receiver
  • Jimmy Thomas, former running back: San Francisco 49ers
  • Mike Thomas, NFL running back: Washington Redskins and San Diego Chargers
  • Francia White, opera singer, radio and television personality during 1930s and 1940s
  • Buzz Williams, head coach of men's basketball team at Texas A&M University

See also

  • Audie Murphy American Cotton Museum
  • Majors Stadium
  • Greenville Club Lake

<gallery widths="140" class="center">

File:Gen. Hal C. Horton Home Wiki (1 of 1).jpg|Gen. Hal C. Horton Home

File:Texan Theater Greenville Wiki (1 of 1).jpg|The Texan

File:Downtown Greenville 1 Wiki (1 of 1).jpg|Downtown Greenville

File:United States Post Office Greenville Wiki (1 of 1).jpg|United States Post Office

File:Central Christian Church Greenville Wiki (1 of 1).jpg|Central Christian Church

File:Washington Hotel (1 of 1).jpg|Washington Hotel

File:Hunt County Courthouse Greenville 2 Wiki (1 of 1).jpg|Hunt County Courthouse

File:Ende Building Greenville Wiki (1 of 1).jpg|Ende Building

File:Masonic Building Greenville Wiki (1 of 1).jpg|Masonic Lodge

</gallery>

Notes

References

  • Romero, Simon. "A Texas Town Nervously Awaits a New Neighbor", New York Times, August 21, 2005.

Further reading

  • Babb, Milton. (2010). "Hunt County, An Illustrated History." Historical Publishing Network.
  • Huey, Brenda. (2006). The Blackest Land The Whitest People. Bloomington: AuthorHouse.
  • Mathews, Paul. (2001). I Remember... Personal Reflections on Greenville and Hunt County, Texas. Henington Publishing.
  • City of Greenville official website
  • Greenville Chamber of Commerce
  • Friends of Main Street
  • The Herald-Banner