Gračanica () is a city located in Tuzla Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is one of the most developed cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
History
thumb|left|The clock tower in Gračanica from the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman period.]]
thumb|left|White Mosque in Gračanica
Gračanica is located in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, east of Doboj and west of Tuzla. As of 2013, it has a population of 45,220 inhabitants. It is located in the lower valley of the River Sokoluša along the main road from Tuzla to Doboj, about 50 km west of Tuzla.
The earliest documented references to Gračanica date back to 1528 in Ottoman archives, where it was identified for its iron mine. Approximately 4 km (2.5 mi) from the town, a medieval fortress named Sokol existed. Gračanica attained town status in 1548. During the 17th century, it underwent expansion facilitated by Ahmed-paša Budimlija, who constructed the White Mosque, a public bath, and a clock tower. Under the Austrian Empire, Gračanica witnessed substantial economic, urban, and cultural advancements. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were 11 mosques, an Orthodox and a Catholic church and a Jewish temple (synagogue) in Gračanica, which testifies to the multi-ethnicity and multi-confessional nature of this city.
From 1929 to 1941, Gračanica was part of the Vrbas Banovina within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Today is part of the Tuzla Canton in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of the Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The local football club is Bratstvo that plays in the first League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Hanball Club Gračanica is a handball club from the Gračanica that competes in the National Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Climate
In January, the average temperature is 1.8 °C (35.2 °F), while in July, it rises to 23.3 °C (73.9 °F).<!--Someone please translate this. This is English wiki. (User:Duja)
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Trajanje snježnog pokrivača zavisi od nadmorske visine, a njegova prosječna visina se kreće od 30-40 cm. Vazdušna strujanja su najintenzivnija u dolini Spreče, a najviše puše sjeverozapadni vjetar (57 dana) zatim jugoistočni (44 dana) i sjeveroistočni (29 dana). U jesenjem periodu usljed nižih temperatura i povećane vlažnosti zraka često se javljaju guste magle, koje ometaju saobraćaj u pravcu Tuzle i Doboja. Na osnovu svega ovoga da se zaključiti da Gračanica sa okolinom ima umjereno-kontinentalnu klimu.
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This region is known for its limited precipitation, with an annual average of 830mm/m2. The highest precipitation occurs in May (121mm) and June (101mm), while March records the lowest (41mm). Snowfall is most frequent in January, February, and March, with an average of 50 days per year. Gračanica exhibits a continental climate type.
Settlements
The City of Gračanica consists of 23 settlements: Babići, Doborovci, Donja Lohinja, Džakule, Gornja Lohinja, Gračanica, Lendići, Lukavica, Malešići, Miričina, Orahovica Donja, Orahovica Gornja, Piskavica, Pribava, Prijeko Brdo, Rašljeva, Skipovac Donji, Skipovac Gornji, Sočkovac, Soko, Stjepan Polje, Škahovica, Vranovići.
Notable people
- Ibrahim Ustavdić, educator
- Branko Cvetković, basketball player
- Muhamed Konjić, football player
- Arminka Helić, politician
- Mitar Lukić, football player
- Vedin Musić, football player
- Husein Mujić, Grand Mufti of Yugoslavia (1987-1989)
- Edvin Kanka Ćudić, human rights activist – lived in Gračanica as a child, having moved to the town at the age of three
Twin towns – sister cities
Gračanica is twinned with:
{| style="width:65%; background:none;"
|-
|valign="top"|
- Fleury-les-Aubrais, France
- Formia, Italy
|
- Pljevlja, Montenegro
|}
Demographics
Ethnic composition
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="9" |Ethnic composition
|-
|
|2013.
|1991.
|1981.
|1971.
|1961.
|-
|Total
|45,220 (100,0%)
|59,134 (100,0%)
|54,311 (100,0%)
|46,950 (100,0%)
|30,203 (100,0%)
|-
|Bosniaks
|43,857 (96,99%)
|42,599 (72,04%)
|38,189 (70,32%)
|33,135 (70,58%)
|20,726 (68,62%)
|-
|Others
|1,134 (2,508%)
|1,315 (2,224%)
|288 (0,530%)
|219 (0,466%)
|77 (0,250%)
|-
|Serbs
|157 (0,347%)
|13,558 (22,93%)
|13,226 (24,35%)
|13 135 (27,98%)
|8,543 (28,29%)
|-
|Croats
|72 (0,159%)
|132 (0,223%)
|135 (0,249%)
|199 (0,424%)
|171 (0,570%)
|-
|Yugoslavs
|
|1,530 (2,587%)
|2,359 (4,344%)
|184 (0,392%)
|686 (2,270%)
|-
|Montenegrins
|
|
|50 (0,092%)
|45 (0,096%)
|
|-
|Roma
|
|
|24 (0,044%)
|1 (0,002%)
|
|-
|Albanians
|
|
|20 (0,037%)
|10 (0,021%)
|
|-
|Macedonians
|
|
|13 (0,024%)
|9 (0,019%)
|
|-
|Slovenes
|
|
|5 (0,009%)
|7 (0,015%)
|
|-
|Hungarians
|
|
|2 (0,004%)
|6 (0,013%)
|
|}
Gallery
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Hasan Kikić Elementary School in Gračanica.jpg|Primary school Hasan Kikić, Gračanica
File:Občinska stavba v gračanici.jpg|City Hall of the City of Gračanica
File:Pogled na Sahat Kulo in Čaršijo v centru mesta Gračanica.JPG|Downtown of Gračanica
File:Gracanica, medresa (muslimska skola) z 18. stol.jpg|Madrasa of Osman-kapetan in Gračanica
</gallery>
References
Literature
- Official results from the book: Ethnic composition of Bosnia-Herzegovina population, by municipalities and settlements, 1991. census, Zavod za statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine - Bilten no.234, Sarajevo 1991.
External links
- Official site
- Gračanica online community site
- Gračanički Glasnik
- Selo Buk, Općina Gračanica