Gneisenau may refer to:
- August von Gneisenau (1760–1831), Prussian field marshal
- (1811–1889), Prussian general
- One of the German naval ships named after August von Gneisenau:
:* , iron-hulled three-masted frigate, wrecked in 1900
:* , World War I armoured cruiser, launched in 1906 and sunk in 1914
:* , a Norddeutscher Lloyd ocean liner, scrapped in 1950
:* , a World War II battleship launched in 1936 and scuttled as a blockship in 1945
:* , an ex-British training frigate sold to West German Navy in 1957 and scrapped in 1977.
- Operation Gneisenau, part of the 1918 German Spring Offensive in World War I
- Gneisenaustraße (Berlin U-Bahn), station on the Berliner U-Bahn (underground railway)