<!-- Definition and medical uses -->
Glipizide, sold under the brand name Glucotrol among others, is an anti-diabetic medication of the sulfonylurea class used to treat type 2 diabetes. It works by stimulating the pancreas to release insulin and increases tissue sensitivity to insulin. In 2023, it was the 42nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 15million prescriptions.
Mechanism of action
Glipizide sensitizes the beta cells of pancreatic islets of Langerhans insulin response, meaning that more insulin is released in response to glucose than would be without glipizide ingestion. Glipizide acts by partially blocking potassium channels among beta cells of pancreatic islets of Langerhans. By blocking potassium channels, the cell depolarizes, which results in the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels. The resulting calcium influx encourages insulin release from beta cells.
History
It was patented in 1969, and approved for medical use in 1971. Glipizide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1984. Alternative: Cmp#3: Related article:
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5-Methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid [5521-55-1] (1) is converted to its acid chloride. A Schotten-Baumann reaction is then performed with 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene sulfonamide [35303-76-5] (2) to give the corresponding amide PC9883549 [33288-71-0] (3). This forms glipizide on reaction with cyclohexylisocyanide and base in acetone.