Gipsy Moth IV

Gipsy Moth IV is a ketch that Sir Francis Chichester commissioned specifically to sail single-handed around the globe, racing against the times set by the clipper ships of the 19th century.

Gipsy Moth IV was the first ever purpose-built ocean racer and has over the years become the most famous of small sailing vessels. Gipsy Moth IVs voyage was the inspiration for the Golden Globe Race (GGR) which continues today.

The name of this vessel – the fourth boat in Chichester's series, all named Gipsy Moth – originated from the de Havilland Gipsy Moth aircraft in which Chichester completed pioneering work in aerial navigation techniques.

Background and design

After being nursed back to health from a suspected lung abscess by his wife, Chichester undertook two single-handed Transatlantic races from Plymouth to New York in 1960 and Plymouth to Newport in 1964 in Gipsy Moth III. He won the '60 race and was runner-up in the '64 race. During the '64 race he became inspired to challenge the times set by the tea and wool clipper ships. The tea clippers took an average of 123 days to make their passage to the East Indies, so Chichester set himself the target of making the passage in 100 days. He subsequently wrote his book Along the Clipper Way, which charts the voyage taken by 19th century wool clippers returning from Australia.

In 1965 Chichester commissioned Gosport-based ship yard Camper and Nicholsons to build the boat, designed by John Illingworth and Angus Primrose. Launched in March 1966 with yard number 916, Gipsy Moth IV is on the waterline and overall, with a hull constructed of cold-moulded Honduras mahogany. The scheduled displacement (to follow Chichester's requirements of maximum weight) was 10.4 tons, after trials increased by 1 ton of added ballast to cope with insufficient righting moment. Ketch rigged, she has a sail area of , extendable with a spinnaker to over . The boat incorporated the maximum amount of sail for the minimum amount of rigging, whilst employing tiller based self-steering using design principles established by Blondie Hasler that could enable steerage from the skipper's bunk, essential for solo sailing for a voyage of this length.

1966–67 voyage

Gipsy Moth IV set out from Plymouth on 27 August 1966 with 64-year-old Sir Francis at the helm. The voyage was not uneventful, and Chichester later recalled three moments where he noted that the trip nearly ended. The first was when part of the frame holding the wind vane self-steering failed, when still from Sydney. Not wanting to put in at Fremantle, Western Australia, Chichester spent three days balancing sails and experimenting with shock-cord lines on the tiller, once again getting the boat to hold a course to enable her to cover a day.

An exhausted Chichester entered Sydney harbour for a stopover 107 days later. He enlisted the help of America's Cup designer Warwick Hood, who added a piece to the boat's keel to provide Gipsy Moth IV with better directional stability to stop her broaching, but the modification did nothing to improve her stability. On 28 May 1967 having logged in just 274 days (226 days actual sailing time), the voyage claimed the following records:

Fastest voyage around the world by any small vessel
Longest non stop passage that had been made by a small sailing vessel ()
More than twice the distance of the previous longest passage by a singlehander
Twice broke the record for a singlehander's week's run by more than
Established a record for singlehanded speed by sailing in 8 days

Because of the boat lacking of directional stability (despite fin extension) and righting moment, Chichester commented:

"Now that I have finished, I don't know what will become of Gipsy Moth IV. I only own the stern while my cousin owns two thirds. My part, I would sell any day. It would be better if about a third were sawn off. The boat was too big for me. Gipsy Moth IV has no sentimental value for me at all. She is cantankerous and difficult and needs a crew of three - a man to navigate, an elephant to move the tiller and a chimpanzee with arms long to get about below and work some of the gear."

Gipsy Moth IV sailed at classic regattas in the summer of 2011, including Suffolk Yacht Harbour Classic Regatta (18–19 June), JP Morgan Asset Management Round the Island Race (25 June), Panerai British Classic Week (16–23 July) and Aberdeen Asset Management Cowes Week (6–13 August). She was one of a number of important vessels which were moored along the route of the Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant, to celebrate the diamond jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II. Due to her size, she was not part of the flotilla of vessels, and instead was moored with other vessels at St Katharine Docks, in a display known as the Avenue of Sail.

Gipsy Moth IV was a regular visitor to Bucklers Hard, especially for winter maintenance, during which times she was viewed by the public on special open days. In May 2017 she attended the Jersey Boat Show to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Chichester's circumnavigation.

The yacht was owned and maintained by The Gipsy Moth Trust, a registered charity, until 2021. Her costs were funded by paying passengers and crew, and by donations to the Trust.

In February 2021 she was put up for sale by the Trust when COVID-19 badly affected the continued operation of the Trust.

Second restoration

In March 2022, Gipsy Moth IV was purchased by Simon Oberholzer. Oberholzer undertook her second complete restoration, back to her original 1967 state, at the Elephant Boatyard on the River Hamble.

As Gipsy Moth has a full keel and wide turning circle, and in order to manoeuvre her into small spaces in today's marinas, a specially designed electric powered water thruster was developed and installed in the bow during the restoration. This allows Gipsy Moth IV to turn easily without compromising her structural integrity or ruining the aesthetics of her classic lines.

Gipsy Moth IV's 2022 outer-restoration was completed just a day before her Royal Review by the Princess Royal at Cowes Week and the Solent Platinum Jubilee Celebration on 6 August 2022. The cumulative cost of the Gipsy Moth IV and restorations now exceeds £2 million.

In addition to the restoration, Oberholzer has collected more than one thousand documents, articles, artifacts and other memorabilia (ranging from minted coins to issued stamps and tea clothes) which relate to Gipsy Moth IV and which secures her status as a sailing legend.

The inside back cover of Series B British passports, issued between 2015 and 2020, have an illustration of Gipsy Moth IV.

The restoration activities surrounding Gipsy Moth IV during 2022–2023 have not been limited to the yacht itself, but have been extended to include the creation and updating of the Gipsy Moth IV logo by Bas van der Heide, who has a long association with various of The Ocean Race yachts (and who designed boats like ABN Amro 1 and 2 – and most recently Jajo in 2023). In addition, a website about Gipsy Moth IV and Sir Francis Chichester was created.

Channel crossing

thumb|Gipsy Moth IV salutes The Ocean Race partipicants June 15, 2023

On the day of the Coronation of King Charles III (6 May 2023) Gipsy Moth IV departed Ramsgate for The Netherlands, making her first voyage away from British waters in 16 years. The last time she left was during the Blue Water Rally voyage in 2005–2007. Gipsy Moth IV's first port of call was Scheveningen, The Netherlands. In August 2023 Gipsy Moth IV was open to the public shortly at the National Maritime Museum (Het Scheepvaart) in Amsterdam.

At the start of the final leg of the Ocean Race 2023, at the Hague, Gipsy Moth IV provided a full dress salute to the participating boats and the following day, the same to the Admiral of the Dutch navy at the Scheveningen harbour's festival, which has been held annually since 1947.

Return to 1967 sailing state

The restoration has continued on the interior of Gipsy Moth IV on the dry in Ijmuiden, The Netherlands. The work has been done from artisans from Netherlands, Spain, South Africa and the United Kingdom who have repainted the complete interior, repaired equipment and have removed and replaced all the "Greenwich museum" floorcoverings in order to return her to the actual 1967 sailing state. Gipsy Moth IV has been relaunched during the week of 28 May, 2025.

World Sailing Day - 28 May

The date of Gipsy Moth IV's return to Plymouth on the 28 May, has been selected to celebrate globally " World Sailing Day" each year. See www.worldsailingday.org .

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References

External links

Gipsy Moth IV owners website: https://gipsymothiv.com/

All current information, updates and activities surrounding Gipsy Moth IV can be found on this website.