Giovanni Battista Donati (; 16 December 182620 September 1873) was an Italian astronomer.
Donati also used spectroscopy of comets to determine their physical composition, in particular with the comet 1864b, which spectrum he found containing three emitting lines which would four years later be identified by William Huggins to be carbon. He discovered that the spectrum changed when a comet approached the Sun, and that heating caused it to emit its own light rather than reflected sunlight: he concluded that the composition of comets is, at least in part, gaseous.
Between 1854 and 1864 he discovered six new comets, including the spectacular Comet Donati (C/1858 L1), found in 1858.
An investigation of the great aurora of 4 February 1872 led Donati to refer such phenomena to a distinct branch of science, designated by him "cosmical meteorology".
Honors
- The crater Donati on the Moon
- Asteroid 16682 Donati
References
External links
- G. Donati @ Astrophysics Data System
- Portrait of Giovanni Battista Donati from the Lick Observatory Records Digital Archive, UC Santa Cruz Library's Digital Collections