Ghalib bin Ali bin Hilal al-Hinai (; c. 1912 – 29 November 2009) was the last elected imam of the Imamate of Oman. He later served as the treasurer of the imamate. His brother Talib bin Ali would become an effective and determined leader in the imamate's revolt against the sultan of Muscat in the 1950s.
History
Oman was split between the interior, which was known as the Imamate of Oman, and the coastal Oman, known as the Sultanate of Muscat. Shortly after Imam Ghalib was elected in 1954, he led the Imamate of Oman in the Jebel Akhdar War against Sultan Said bin Taimur, backed by the British government.
The idea of having the oil company negotiate directly with the interior of Oman was not favored by the British political agent who resided in Muscat providing the justification that it would mean recognizing the authority of the Imamate and it would increase its prestige- which would not favor IPC deal. The British Political Agent believed that the only method of granting the oil company access to the interior was by assisting the sultan in occupying the Imamate. The position of the British government was thereafter to eliminate any possibility of entering into direct relations with the interior in order not to alienate the sultan and to avoid invalidating the claim of IPC that its concession from the sultan covers the entirety of Oman. In 1946, the British government provided arms and ammunition, auxiliary supplies and officers to occupy the interior. In September 1946, the British government studied the proposal that was promised to the sultan of using the British Royal Air Force (RAF) to occupy the interior. The British government concluded that it is reluctant "in principle" to the use of force for the reason of avoiding international criticism that may lead to the calling of the British government before the United Nations Security Council but they executed anyway waging war for over 5 years between the two Head of Estate on the battle ground Jabel Akhdar (The Green Mountain) with over 2,000 martyrs losing their lives. Meanwhile, the British government recognized that the use of RAF would expedite oil exploration operations in the interior of Oman.
The war was triggered by the sultan, Said Bin Taimur, on 25 October 1954, when he licensed IPC oil prospectors to search for oil near Fahud, an area located within the territory of the Imamate of Oman and sent Muscat and Oman Field Force (MOFF), later renamed Sultan of Oman's Armed Forces (SAF), troops to occupy it. The MOFF moved to occupy Tanam on the following day. The restrengthening of the imamate's forces materialized when a number of the interior villages were recaptured, including Bilad Sayt, on 14 June 1957. The MOFF moved an artillery battery to Bilad Sayt in anticipation of an easy victory. However, the imamate's forces proved to be much better organized than anticipated. After weeks of skirmishes, the MOFF, with no civilian support from the locals in the interior, had no choice but to surrender their way back to Fahud. The Imamate's forces freed Nizwa (capital), Firq, Izki, Tanuf, Bahla and Jebal Akhdar from the sultunate's control, while Ibri was the only area that remained under the occupation of the sultunate.
On 25 July 1958, as a result of the ongoing war and British government's aim to be "less visible" in the Middle East in the post-Suez world, letters were exchanged between the sultan and the British leaders and subsequently an assistance in economic development agreement was signed, which consisted of strengthening the sultan of Oman's armed forces (SAF) by attaching British officers to lead small units and to head the SAF as a whole. put down the Jebel Akhdar War in 1959, and Imam Ghalib al-Hinai managed to escape to Saudi Arabia. He continued for a short time to lead a temporary government-in-exile from Dammam (Saudi Arabia) and established an imamate office in Cairo (Egypt) while the fighting continued in Oman.
Imam Ghalib delegated his brother, Talib al-Hinai, who was the wali (governor) of Rustaq, and Suleiman bin Hamyar, who was the wali (governor) of Jebel Akhdar, to present the issue to the Arab League and the United Nations in order to seek recognition and claim legitimacy of the imamate of Oman. The imamate's cause was closely identified with Arab nationalism and the various forms of anti-colonialism that were taking place during that period. The 'question of Oman' remained on the UN General Assembly agenda in each year until 1971.