Henry FitzGerald Heard (6 October 1889 – 14 August 1971), known commonly as Gerald Heard, was an English-born American historian, science writer and broadcaster, public lecturer, educator, and philosopher. He wrote many articles and more than 35 books.

Heard was a guide and mentor to numerous well-known people from the 1940s through the 1960s, including Aldous Huxley, Henry Luce, Clare Boothe Luce, and Bill Wilson, co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous. His work was a forerunner of, and influence on, the consciousness development philosophy that has spread in the Western world since the 1960s.

Early life

The son of an Anglo-Irish clergyman, Heard was born in London, but spent much of his youth in Ireland. Heard's temperamental father practised corporal punishment; however Gerald's stepmother (his father's second wife) was kind to him.

Due to his inquisitive mind and interest in science, by age eight Heard began to become a skeptic regarding the conventional Christianity of his forebears—- a process that was completed by the time he was age sixteen. Heard studied history and theology at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, graduating with honours in history.

At the age of 24, he became the literary secretary to William Snowdon Robson.

As a young man, he worked for the Agricultural Cooperative Movement in Ireland. During the 1920s and early 1930s, he acted as the personal secretary of Sir Horace Plunkett, promoter of cooperativism, who spent his last years at Weybridge, Surrey. Naomi Mitchison, who admired Plunkett and was a friend of Heard, wrote of that time: "H.P., as we all called him, was getting past his prime and often ill but struggling to go on with the work to which he was devoted. Gerald [Heard] who was shepherding him about fairly continually, apologized once for leaving a dinner party abruptly when H.P. was suddenly overwhelmed by exhaustion". During the mid-1920s, Heard began a romantic relationship with socialite Christopher Wood, the young heir to a large grocery fortune, with whom he lived in London; by about 1935, however, Heard had declared himself celibate, though he continued to cohabit with Wood periodically until the 1950s.

Meanwhile, Heard played a minor part in the development of the Peace Pledge Union. Heard became well known as an advocate for pacifism and argued for the transformation of behaviour by meditation and "disciplined nonviolence".

Heard was the first among a group of literati friends (several others of whom, including Christopher Isherwood, were also British) to discover Swami Prabhavananda and Vedanta. Heard became an initiate of Vedanta. Like that of his friend Aldous Huxley (another in the circle), the essence of Heard's mature philosophy was that a human being can effectively pursue intentional evolution of consciousness. He maintained a regular discipline of meditation, along the lines of yoga, for many years. He became interested in parapsychology and was a member of the Society for Psychical Research.

Heard concluded that the impediment to be addressed was "the problem of letting in a free flow of comprehension beyond the everyday threshold of experience while keeping the mind clear." In 1942, he founded Trabuco College as a facility where comparative religion studies and practices could be pursued. Living as a freelance scholar, Heard had enjoyed security in America by way of what he had inherited from Horace Plunkett as well as his own family. He used some of his inherited resources toward this most ambitious of projects. The idealistic experiment required land, and Heard bought 300 acres in Trabuco Canyon, in the Santa Ana Mountains.

Psychedelics

In 1954 Heard tried mescaline and, in 1955 tried LSD. He felt that, used properly, these had strong potential to "enlarge Man's mind" by allowing a person to see beyond his ego.

In August 1956, Alcoholics Anonymous founder Bill Wilson first took LSD—- under Heard's guidance and with the officiating presence of Sidney Cohen, a psychiatrist then with the California Veterans Administration Hospital. According to Wilson, the session allowed him to re-experience a spontaneous spiritual experience he had had years before, which had enabled him to overcome his own alcoholism. During the late 1950s, Heard also worked with psychiatrist Cohen to introduce others to LSD, including John Huston and Steve Allen. With experience, Heard developed a judicious opinion of the value of psychedelics, since at their best the insights and ecstasies they facilitate are temporary states. Religion writer Don Lattin wrote that Heard's view was "LSD might provide an experience of the great mysteries, but it offered no instant answers."

Five Ages of Man

In January 1964, what some consider to be Heard's magnum opus, a book titled The Five Ages of Man, was published. (A new edition, retitled The Five Ages of Humanity, has been published.) According to Heard, the prevalent developmental stage among humans in modern, well-industrialized societies (especially in the West) should be regarded as the fourth: the "humanic stage" of the "total individual," who is dominated mentally, feeling him- or herself to be autonomous, separate from other persons. Heard writes (p. 226) this stage is characterised by "the basic humanic concept of a mankind that is completely self-seeking because it is completely individualized into separate physiques that can have direct knowledge of only their own private pain and pleasure, inferring but faintly the feelings of others. Such a race of ingenious animals, each able to see and to seek his own advantage, must be kept in combination with each other by appealing to their separate interests."

In modern industrial societies, a person, especially if educated, has the opportunity to begin entering the "first maturity" of the humanic "total individual" in his or her mid teens. However, according to Heard, a fifth stage is in the process of emerging, a post-individual psychological phase of persons and therefore of culture. According to Heard, the second maturity can be one that is beyond "personal success, economic mastery, and the psychophysical capacity to enjoy life"

Death

Toward the end of his life, Heard was given a bit of financial assistance by Henry Luce and Clare Boothe Luce. Heard died on 14 August 1971 at his home in Santa Monica, California, of the effects of several earlier strokes he had, beginning in 1966. At his request, there was not any memorial service, and his body was donated to the Willed Body Program at UCLA Medical Center.

Legacy

Heard's general philosophy and the ideas and opinions of his later years, were influences on Myron Stolaroff, the electrical engineer who in 1961 founded the Institute for Advanced study, in Menlo Park, California. Trabuco College and Heard's philosophy and ideas were also an important influence on the founding of the Esalen Institute. Michael Murphy and Dick Price started organizing seminars at Esalen near Big Sur in 1962, with Heard being a notable presenter. Murphy and Price went on to officially establish the Esalen Institute in 1964. In turn, the institute has been a source of inspiration, and a prototype, for many other retreats and growth centers extending the human potential movement.

In popular culture: James Lapine's Broadway musical Flying Over Sunset includes a character named "Gerald Heard," modeled on the real-life Gerald Heard. The Heard character was played by Robert Sella in the first Broadway run (beginning in December 2021, though closing early during the mid-COVID period). Three other characters—Cary Grant, Aldous Huxley and Claire Boothe Luce—are modeled on those widely known public figures, each of whom, in real life, actually had repeated LSD experience. In the play (set during the 1950s), each of these three characters deals with a nagging emotional challenge, and Lapine delivers the play's essence in Act II, when the three have a shared LSD session with Heard serving as their guide.

Fiction

Heard wrote fiction using the name H.F. Heard. This included three detective novels about Mr. Mycroft (implied to be Sherlock Holmes after

his retirement). Mr. Mycroft and his friend, Mr. Silchester, featured in three novels: A Taste for Honey, 1941 (televised in 1955 as Sting of Death and filmed, as The Deadly Bees, 1967); Reply Paid; and The Notched Hairpin. Hugh Lamb has described The Great Fog and The Lost Cavern as "two splendid books of short stories".

The Black Fox is an occult thriller featuring black magic. Anthony Boucher described Doppelgangers as "in style and imagination, the most exciting and provocative piece of science fiction since the heyday of M. P. Shiel."

Bibliography

Non-fiction

  • 1924 Narcissus: An Anatomy of Clothes
  • 1929 The Ascent of Humanity
  • 1931 The Emergence of Man
  • 1931 Social Substance of Religion: An Essay of the Evolution of Religion
  • 1932 This Surprising World: A Journalist Looks at Science
  • 1934 These Hurrying Years: An Historical Outline 1900–1933
  • 1935 Science in the Making
  • 1935 The Source of Civilization
  • 1936 The Significance of the New Pacifism (Published in The New Pacifism)
  • 1936 Exploring the Stratosphere
  • 1937 The Third Morality
  • 1937 Science Front, 1936
  • 1939 Pain, Sex and Time: A New Outlook on Evolution and the Future of Man
  • 1940 The Creed of Christ: An Interpretation of the Lord's Prayer
  • 1941-1942 Training for the Life of the Spirit
  • 1941 The Code of Christ: An Interpretation of the Beatitudes
  • 1941 Man The Master
  • 1942 A Dialogue in the Desert
  • 1944 The Recollection
  • 1944 A Preface to Prayer
  • 1945 The Gospel According to Gamaliel
  • 1946 The Eternal Gospel
  • 1948 Is God Evident?: An Essay Toward a Natural Theology
  • 1949 Prayers and Meditations: A Monthly Cycle Arranged for Daily Use (edited by Gerald Heard)
  • 1950 Is God in History?: An Inquiry into Human and Prehuman History in Terms of the Doctrine of Creation, Fall, and Redemption
  • 1950 Morals Since 1900
  • 1950 Is Another World Watching?: The Riddle of the Flying Saucers
  • 1952 Gabriel and the Creatures (UK edition entitled Wishing Well)
  • 1955 The Human Venture
  • 1959 Training For a Life of Growth
  • 1964 The Five Ages of Man: The Psychology of Human History; rvsd. ed, 2023, as The Five Ages of Humanity

Fiction (published under H.F. Heard)

  • 1941 A Taste for Honey
  • 1942 Murder by Reflection
  • 1942 Reply Paid: A Mystery
  • 1944 The Great Fog and Other Weird Tales
  • 1947 Doppelgangers: An Episode of the Fourth, The Psychological, Revolution
  • 1947 "The President of the United States, Detective"
  • 1948 The Lost Cavern and Other Tales of the Fantastic
  • 1949 The Notched Hairpin: A Mycroft Mystery
  • 1950 The Black Fox: A Novel of the Seventies

See also

  • Explorations Volume 2: Survival, Growth & Re-birth
  • Sri Aurobindo
  • Richard Bucke
  • Lancelot Law Whyte
  • Buckminster Fuller
  • Aldous Huxley
  • Lucille Kahn
  • Walter Russell
  • Arthur M. Young
  • Noosphere

References

  • Gerald Heard Official Biography by Jay Michael Barrie at the Gerald Heard website
  • Gerald Heard on the Mystical Site www.mysticism.nl
  • JSTOR
  • Gerald Heard Bibliography 1900–1978 (work in progress ... 50% complete)