{{Infobox country geography
|name = the
|map = 300px240px
|map size =
|continent = Africa
|region =
|coordinates =
|area ranking = 141st
|km area = 28,051
|km coastline = 296
|exclusive economic zone=
|borders = 539 km
|highest point = Pico Basile, 3,008 m
|lowest point = Atlantic Ocean, 0 m
|longest river = Benito River
|largest lake =
|climate = Tropical
|natural resources = petroleum, timber, small unexploited deposits of gold, manganese, uranium
|environmental issues = drinking water, desertification
}}
The Republic of Equatorial Guinea is located in west central Africa. Bioko Island lies about from Cameroon. Annobón Island lies about southwest of Bioko Island. The larger continental region of Río Muni lies between Cameroon and Gabon on the mainland; it includes the islands of Corisco, Elobey Grande, Elobey Chico, and adjacent islets. The total land area is . It has an Exclusive Economic Zone of .
Bioko Island, called Fernando Po until the 1970s, is the largest island in the Gulf of Guinea — . It is shaped like a boot, with two large volcanic formations separated by a valley that bisects the island at its narrowest point. The coastline is steep and rugged in the south but lower and more accessible in the north, with excellent harbors at Malabo and Luba, and several scenic beaches between those towns.
On the continent, Río Muni covers . The coastal plain gives way to a succession of valleys separated by low hills and spurs of the Crystal Mountains. The Rio Benito (Mbini) which divides Río Muni in half, is unnavigable except for a 20-kilometer stretch at its estuary. Temperatures and humidity in Río Muni are generally lower than on Bioko Island.
Annobon Island, named for its discovery on New Year's Day 1472, is a small volcanic island covering . The coastline is abrupt except in the north; the principal volcanic cone contains a small lake. Most of the estimated 1,900 inhabitants are fisherman specializing in traditional, smallscale tuna fishing and whaling. The climate is tropical—heavy rainfall, high humidity, and frequent seasonal changes with violent windstorms.
Location:
Central Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Cameroon and Gabon.
Area and boundaries
Area
Total: 28,051 km²
country rank in the world: 141st
Land: 28,051 km²
Water: negligible km²
Equatorial Guinea's land boundaries total 539 km. It borders Cameroon (189 km) in the north and Gabon (350 km) in the east and south.
Area comparative
Australia comparative: approximately the size of Tasmania
Canada comparative: approximately the size of Nova Scotia
United Kingdom comparative: approximately larger than Wales
United States comparative: slightly larger than Massachusetts
EU comparative: slightly smaller than Belgium
Maritime claims:
territorial sea:
Exclusive economic zone:
with
Terrain
{{Infobox
| above = Land Use
| label1 = Arable land:
| data1 = 4.28%
| label2 = Permanent crops:
| data2 = 2.14%
| label3 = Other:
| data3 = 93.58%
}}
thumb|330x330px|Share of forest area in total land area, top countries (2021). Equatorial Guinea the seventh highest percentage of forest cover in the world.
Coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic.
Total renewable water resources:
26 km3 (2011)
Natural hazards:
violent windstorms, flash floods
Environment — current issues:
tap water is not potable; deforestation
Environment — international agreements:
party to:
Biodiversity, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
Geography note:
insular and continental regions rather widely separated
Climate
thumb|left|200px|Köppen climate classification of Equatorial Guinea
thumb|200px|left|Climatological diagram of Malabo
The climate of both the continental region and the islands is typically equatorial, with high temperatures, heavy rainfall, and much cloud cover most of the year. Local variations are due to differences in altitude and proximity to the sea. The wet seasons in the continental region are from February to June and from September to December. Rainfall is higher on the coast than inland. In Bata the rainiest months are September, October, and November, with rainfall averaging more than a year. At Calatrava, farther south on the coast, it sometimes reaches . Inland, however, rainfall diminishes; Mikomeseng, for example, receives only about . The average annual temperature is about and is fairly constant throughout the year. The temperature maxima are somewhat lower than in Bioko. The relative humidity, however, is higher than in Bioko. Bioko has a rather debilitating climate. The so-called dry season lasts from November to March, and the rest of the year is rainy. The average annual temperature of about varies little throughout the year. Afternoon temperatures reach the high 80s °F (low 30s °C) and drop to only about at night. Most of the time the sky is cloudy and overcast. Extreme rainfall occurs in the south, with rain brought by monsoon winds amounting to about a year around San Antonio de Ureca.
{{Weather box|location = Malabo
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 34.2
|Feb record high C = 35.3
|Mar record high C = 34.5
|Apr record high C = 36.5
|May record high C = 34.0
|Jun record high C = 32.5
|Jul record high C = 31.5
|Aug record high C = 32.0
|Sep record high C = 32.5
|Oct record high C = 32.5
|Nov record high C = 32.5
|Dec record high C = 33.5
|year record high C = 36.5
|Jan high C = 31.1
|Feb high C = 31.8
|Mar high C = 31.3
|Apr high C = 31.3
|May high C = 30.5
|Jun high C = 29.5
|Jul high C = 28.4
|Aug high C = 28.0
|Sep high C = 28.1
|Oct high C = 28.8
|Nov high C = 29.8
|Dec high C = 30.8
|year high C = 30.0
|Jan mean C = 26.9
|Feb mean C = 27.7
|Mar mean C = 27.6
|Apr mean C = 27.2
|May mean C = 26.7
|Jun mean C = 25.9
|Jul mean C = 25.3
|Aug mean C = 25.0
|Sep mean C = 25.1
|Oct mean C = 25.5
|Nov mean C = 26.1
|Dec mean C = 26.6
|year mean C = 26.3
|Jan low C = 23.0
|Feb low C = 23.9
|Mar low C = 24.1
|Apr low C = 23.8
|May low C = 23.5
|Jun low C = 23.3
|Jul low C = 23.2
|Aug low C = 23.1
|Sep low C = 22.8
|Oct low C = 22.9
|Nov low C = 23.0
|Dec low C = 22.7
|year low C = 23.3
|Jan record low C = 17.0
|Feb record low C = 16.5
|Mar record low C = 15.5
|Apr record low C = 16.5
|May record low C = 15.0
|Jun record low C = 18.0
|Jul record low C = 17.1
|Aug record low C = 15.0
|Sep record low C = 18.5
|Oct record low C = 17.6
|Nov record low C = 19.0
|Dec record low C = 17.5
|year record low C = 15.0
|rain colour=green
|Jan rain mm = 28.9
|Feb rain mm = 70.6
|Mar rain mm = 102.7
|Apr rain mm = 155.7
|May rain mm = 227.1
|Jun rain mm = 260.8
|Jul rain mm = 202.0
|Aug rain mm = 177.1
|Sep rain mm = 250.1
|Oct rain mm = 254.3
|Nov rain mm = 100.3
|Dec rain mm = 39.6
|year rain mm = 1869.1
|unit rain days = 1.0 mm
|Jan rain days = 3.5
|Feb rain days = 4.6
|Mar rain days = 9.8
|Apr rain days = 12.0
|May rain days = 17.2
|Jun rain days = 19.0
|Jul rain days = 17.5
|Aug rain days = 14.8
|Sep rain days = 20.6
|Oct rain days = 19.5
|Nov rain days = 10.3
|Dec rain days = 4.0
|year rain days = 152.7
|Jan humidity = 83
|Feb humidity = 83
|Mar humidity = 84
|Apr humidity = 84
|May humidity = 87
|Jun humidity = 89
|Jul humidity = 90
|Aug humidity = 89
|Sep humidity = 91
|Oct humidity = 90
|Nov humidity = 88
|Dec humidity = 84
|year humidity = 87
|Jan sun = 120.9
|Feb sun = 121.5
|Mar sun = 108.5
|Apr sun = 114.0
|May sun = 99.2
|Jun sun = 66.0
|Jul sun = 43.4
|Aug sun = 52.7
|Sep sun = 48.0
|Oct sun = 71.3
|Nov sun = 87.0
|Dec sun = 117.8
|year sun =
|Jand sun = 3.9
|Febd sun = 4.3
|Mard sun = 3.5
|Aprd sun = 3.8
|Mayd sun = 3.2
|Jund sun = 2.2
|Juld sun = 1.4
|Augd sun = 1.7
|Sepd sun = 1.6
|Octd sun = 2.3
|Novd sun = 2.9
|Decd sun = 3.8
|yeard sun = 2.9
|source 1 = Deutscher Wetterdienst<ref name = MalaboDWD>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_648100_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Malabo (Santa Isabel) / Insel Bioko (Fernando Póo) / Äquatorial-Guinea
| work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| language = de
| access-date = 19 December 2018}}</ref>
|date=August 2012}}
{{Weather box
|width=auto
|location = Bata (1956–1965)
|single line = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|Jan record high C = 33.5
|Feb record high C = 35.6
|Mar record high C = 34.1
|Apr record high C = 34.1
|May record high C = 33.2
|Jun record high C = 32.8
|Jul record high C = 31.8
|Aug record high C = 31.5
|Sep record high C = 32.5
|Oct record high C = 32.0
|Nov record high C = 32.4
|Dec record high C = 33.0
|year record high C = 35.6
|Jan high C = 30.5
|Feb high C = 31.1
|Mar high C = 31.3
|Apr high C = 31.0
|May high C = 30.7
|Jun high C = 29.7
|Jul high C = 28.8
|Aug high C = 28.9
|Sep high C = 29.1
|Oct high C = 29.1
|Nov high C = 29.6
|Dec high C = 30.1
|year high C = 30.0
|Jan mean C = 25.6
|Feb mean C = 25.8
|Mar mean C = 25.7
|Apr mean C = 25.6
|May mean C = 25.6
|Jun mean C = 25.0
|Jul mean C = 24.1
|Aug mean C = 24.2
|Sep mean C = 24.6
|Oct mean C = 24.8
|Nov mean C = 25.2
|Dec mean C = 25.0
|year mean C = 25.1
|Jan low C = 20.7
|Feb low C = 20.4
|Mar low C = 20.1
|Apr low C = 20.1
|May low C = 20.6
|Jun low C = 20.2
|Jul low C = 19.4
|Aug low C = 19.6
|Sep low C = 20.0
|Oct low C = 20.5
|Nov low C = 20.8
|Dec low C = 20.0
|year low C = 20.2
|Jan record low C = 15.3
|Feb record low C = 13.7
|Mar record low C = 14.5
|Apr record low C = 12.5
|May record low C = 12.5
|Jun record low C = 15.5
|Jul record low C = 12.5
|Aug record low C = 14.2
|Sep record low C = 15.6
|Oct record low C = 15.5
|Nov record low C = 14.5
|Dec record low C = 14.5
|year record low C = 12.5
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 116
|Feb rain mm = 102
|Mar rain mm = 205
|Apr rain mm = 292
|May rain mm = 285
|Jun rain mm = 90
|Jul rain mm = 25
|Aug rain mm = 26
|Sep rain mm = 221
|Oct rain mm = 457
|Nov rain mm = 306
|Dec rain mm = 109
|unit rain days = 0.1 mm
|Jan rain days = 9
|Feb rain days = 8
|Mar rain days = 14
|Apr rain days = 16
|May rain days = 17
|Jun rain days = 7
|Jul rain days = 3
|Aug rain days = 5
|Sep rain days = 16
|Oct rain days = 24
|Nov rain days = 18
|Dec rain days = 10
|Jan sun = 201.5
|Feb sun = 192.1
|Mar sun = 173.6
|Apr sun = 177.0
|May sun = 189.1
|Jun sun = 147.0
|Jul sun = 142.6
|Aug sun = 142.6
|Sep sun = 114.0
|Oct sun = 114.7
|Nov sun = 141.0
|Dec sun = 186.0
|Jand sun = 6.5
|Febd sun = 6.8
|Mard sun = 5.6
|Aprd sun = 5.9
|Mayd sun = 6.1
|Jund sun = 4.9
|Juld sun = 4.6
|Augd sun = 4.6
|Sepd sun = 3.8
|Octd sun = 3.7
|Novd sun = 4.7
|Decd sun = 6.0
|yeard sun = 5.3
|source 1 = Deutscher Wetterdienst<ref name = BataDWD>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_648200_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Bata / Insel Mbini / Äquatorial-Guinea
| work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| language = de
| access-date = 25 January 2016}}</ref>
|date=November 2011}}
Forests
thumb|right|Equatorial Guinea had an average 2019 [[Forest Landscape Integrity Index score of 7.99, ranking it 30th out of 172 countries.Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity — Supplementary material, Nature Communications volume 11 numéro 1 2020 ISSN 2041-1723]]
Tree cover extent and loss
Global Forest Watch publishes annual estimates of tree cover loss and 2000 tree cover extent derived from time-series analysis of Landsat satellite imagery in the Global Forest Change dataset.<ref name="GFWGNQdashboard">{{cite web
|title=Equatorial Guinea Deforestation Rates & Statistics
|website=Global Forest Watch
|url=https://www.globalforestwatch.org/dashboards/country/GNQ/
}}</ref><ref name="HansenEtAl2013">{{cite journal
|last1=Hansen
|first1=Matthew C.
|last2=Potapov
|first2=Peter V.
|last3=Moore
|first3=Rebecca
|last4=Hancher
|first4=Matt
|last5=Turubanova
|first5=Svetlana A.
|last6=Tyukavina
|first6=Alexandra
|display-authors=3
|title=High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change
|journal=Science
|volume=342
|issue=6160
|year=2013
|pages=850-853
|doi=10.1126/science.1244693
}}</ref><ref name="GFWTCLossAbout">{{cite web
|title=Tree cover loss
|website=Global Forest Watch Open Data Portal
|url=https://data.globalforestwatch.org/documents/gfw::tree-cover-loss/about
}}</ref><ref name="GFWTCCover2000About">{{cite web
|title=Tree cover (2000)
|website=Global Forest Watch Open Data Portal
|url=https://data.globalforestwatch.org/documents/gfw::tree-cover-2000/about
}}</ref> In this framework, tree cover refers to vegetation taller than 5 m (including natural forests and tree plantations), and tree cover loss is defined as the complete removal of tree cover canopy for a given year, regardless of cause.<ref name="GFRTreeCoverLoss2023">{{cite web
|title=How much forest was lost in 2023?
|website=Global Forest Review
|url=https://gfr.wri.org/global-tree-cover-loss-data-2023
}}</ref>
For Equatorial Guinea, country statistics report cumulative tree cover loss of from 2001 to 2024 (about 5.9% of its 2000 tree cover area). For tree cover density greater than 30%, country statistics report a 2000 tree cover extent of . The charts and table below display this data. In simple terms, the annual loss number is the area where tree cover disappeared in that year, and the extent number shows what remains of the 2000 tree cover baseline after subtracting cumulative loss. Forest regrowth is not included in the dataset.
{{ChartDirect
|type=bar
|align=center
|width=100%
|x=2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024
|xType=integer
|y1=35.85,29.86,19.61,4.22,16.09,12.55,31.42,48.22,56.85,65.93,77.06,49.53,72.90,192.11,74.69,95.45,119.38,78.24,95.27,48.71,89.06,77.61,85.25,77.45
|y1Title=Annual tree cover loss (km²)
|caption=Annual tree cover loss in Equatorial Guinea, 2001–2024.
}}
{{ChartDirect
|type=line
|align=center
|width=100%
|x=2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024
|xType=integer
|y1=26510.15,26480.29,26460.68,26456.46,26440.37,26427.82,26396.40,26348.18,26291.33,26225.40,26148.34,26098.81,26025.91,25833.80,25759.11,25663.66,25544.28,25466.04,25370.77,25322.06,25233.00,25155.39,25070.14,24992.69
|y1Title=Extent minus cumulative loss (km²)
|caption=Tree cover extent in 2000 minus cumulative tree cover loss in Equatorial Guinea, 2001–2024 (loss-only residual; does not account for gain).
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:right;"
|+ Annual tree cover extent and loss
! Year
! Tree cover extent (km2)
! Annual tree cover loss (km2)
|-
| 2001 || 26,510.15 || 35.85
|-
| 2002 || 26,480.29 || 29.86
|-
| 2003 || 26,460.68 || 19.61
|-
| 2004 || 26,456.46 || 4.22
|-
| 2005 || 26,440.37 || 16.09
|-
| 2006 || 26,427.82 || 12.55
|-
| 2007 || 26,396.40 || 31.42
|-
| 2008 || 26,348.18 || 48.22
|-
| 2009 || 26,291.33 || 56.85
|-
| 2010 || 26,225.40 || 65.93
|-
| 2011 || 26,148.34 || 77.06
|-
| 2012 || 26,098.81 || 49.53
|-
| 2013 || 26,025.91 || 72.90
|-
| 2014 || 25,833.80 || 192.11
|-
| 2015 || 25,759.11 || 74.69
|-
| 2016 || 25,663.66 || 95.45
|-
| 2017 || 25,544.28 || 119.38
|-
| 2018 || 25,466.04 || 78.24
|-
| 2019 || 25,370.77 || 95.27
|-
| 2020 || 25,322.06 || 48.71
|-
| 2021 || 25,233.00 || 89.06
|-
| 2022 || 25,155.39 || 77.61
|-
| 2023 || 25,070.14 || 85.25
|-
| 2024 || 24,992.69 || 77.45
|}
Extreme points
This is a list of the extreme points of Equatorial Guinea, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location.
- Northernmost point — Punta Europa, Bioko Island
- Easternmost point — near Obileville village
- Southernmost point — A Dyibó, Annobón Island
- Westernmost point — Punta Dyiscoj, Annobón Island