Frederick Christian (; 5 September 1722 – 17 December 1763) was the Prince-Elector of Saxony for 73 days in 1763. He was a member of the House of Wettin. He was the third but eldest surviving son of Frederick Augustus II, Prince-Elector of Saxony and King of Poland (as Augustus III), by his wife, Maria Josepha of Austria.
Early life
thumb|left|180px|Frederick Christian c. 1735, by [[Rosalba Carriera.]]
thumb|left|180px|A young Frederick Christian by [[Pierre Subleyras, ]]
A weak child since his birth, he suffered paralysis in one foot and was dependent on wheelchairs early in life. In a well-known portrait, which shows his Wettin and Wittelsbach relatives around him, he appears in his wheelchair. Today, this painting is shown in the Nymphenburg Palace. His mother tried repeatedly to induce him to take monastic vows and renounce his succession rights in favour of his younger brothers, but he refused.
The early deaths of his two older brothers, Frederick Augustus (1721), who was stillborn, and Joseph Augustus (1728), made him the heir to the throne. When his father died, on 5 October 1763, Frederick Christian succeeded him as elector.
Even before, Frederick Christian had written in his diary: "Princes exist for their subjects, not subjects for their princes. His subjects' wealth, public credit and a well-standing army make up the true happiness of a prince," thereby openly declaring himself open to the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment. He was also known for his considerable musical talent.
Marriage
In Munich on 13 June 1747 (by proxy) and again in Dresden on 20 June 1747 (in person), Frederick Christian married his cousin Maria Antonia of Bavaria. Like him, she was exceptionally talented in music and the couple had nine children.
Reign as Elector
left|thumb|Portrait by [[Anton Raphael Mengs, ]]
One of his first acts as elector was the dismissal of the extremely unpopular prime minister, the Count Heinrich von Brühl, who had plunged Saxony into crisis, first with his failed economic policy, but particularly by his catastrophic foreign policy, which caused the electorate to become involved in the Seven Years' War.
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|1= 1. Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony'
|2= 2. Augustus III of Poland
|3= 3. Maria Josepha of Austria
|4= 4. Augustus II of Poland
|5= 5. Christiane Eberhardine of Bayreuth
|6= 6. Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
|7= 7. Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick
|8= 8. John George III, Elector of Saxony
|9= 9. Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark
|10= 10. Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
|11= 11. Sophie Louise of Württemberg
|12= 12. Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
|13= 13. Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg
|14= 14. John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Calenberg
|15= 15. Benedicta Henrietta of the Palatinate
See also
- History of Saxony
- Rulers of Saxony
- Dresden Castle – Residence of Frederick Christian