Frank Friday Fletcher (November 23, 1855 – November 28, 1928) was a United States Navy admiral who served in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was awarded the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions as commander of navy forces at the Battle of Veracruz, Mexico. The , the most produced class of United States Navy destroyers, was named after him. He was also the uncle of Frank Jack Fletcher, another U.S. Navy admiral who also received the Medal of Honor for actions at Veracruz, and who commanded American naval forces at the battles of Coral Sea, Midway, in the Eastern Solomons, and the Aleutian Campaign during World War II.
Biography
thumb|upright=1.4|Grave at Arlington National Cemetery
Fletcher was born on November 23, 1855, in Oskaloosa, Iowa. He graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1875 and spent the next year as a midshipman on . Promoted to ensign in July 1876, he had sea duty on the sloops of war , , and before participating in 's voyage around the world in 1878–1881. Fletcher advanced to the rank of master (later lieutenant, junior grade) in April 1882 and was next assigned to the Hydrographic Office in Washington, D.C. In July 1884, he reported to for service in European waters. After ordnance training in late 1887, he had five years' duty at the Bureau of Ordnance, during which time he was promoted to lieutenant and made notable contributions to gun mechanism design and shipboard navigation.
He was promoted to captain in May 1908 and from November of that year to March 1910 he commanded the battleship . In the spring of 1910, Fletcher became the Secretary of the Navy's Aide for Material. While in that post, he reached the rank of rear admiral. From 1912 to 1914, he commanded battleship divisions of the Atlantic Fleet. In April 1914, Fletcher led U.S. Navy forces during the landings at Vera Cruz, Mexico, receiving the Medal of Honor for his "distinguished conduct in battle". He was a member of the General Board, the Joint Army and Navy Board and the War Industries Board in 1916–1919, and was awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal for "meritorious service" during World War I. He was also awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal for his work as the navy representative on the War Industries Board.
Admiral Fletcher retired on November 23, 1919, with the rank of rear admiral (as was customary at that time), and later served as an official advisor on contemporary defense issues. Fletcher died on November 28, 1928, in New York City. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. The lead ship in the class, , was in commission from 1942 to 1969.
Medal of Honor citation
Rank and organization: Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy. Born: November 23, 1855, Oskaloosa, Iowa. Accredited to: Iowa. G.O. No.: 177, December 4, 1915.
Citation:
<blockquote>For distinguished conduct in battle, engagements of Vera Cruz, 21 and 22 April 1914. Under fire, Rear Adm. Fletcher was eminent and conspicuous in the performance of his duties; was senior officer present at Vera Cruz, and the landing and the operations of the landing force were conducted under his orders and directions. In connection with these operations, he was at times on shore and under fire.</blockquote>
Awards
- Medal of Honor
- Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Navy)
- Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)
- Spanish Campaign Medal
- Mexican Service Medal
- World War I Victory Medal
Dates of rank
- Midshipman: June 18, 1870
- Passed Midshipman: June 21, 1875
{|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"
|-
!Ensign
!Master
!Lieutenant Junior Grade
!Lieutenant
!Lieutenant Commander
!Commander
|-
!O-1
!O-2
!O-2
!O-3
!O-4
!O-5
|-
|align="center" width="16%"|60px
|align="center" width="17%"|60px
|align="center" width="17%"|60px
|align="center" width="17%"|60px
|align="center" width="16%"|60px
|align="center" width="17%"|60px
|-
!July 18, 1876
!April 1, 1882
!March 3, 1883
!February 18, 1889
!March 3, 1899
!March 12, 1904
|}
{|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"
|-
!Captain
!Commodore
!Rear Admiral
!Vice Admiral
!Admiral
|-
!O-6
!O-7
!O-8
!O-9
!O-10
|-
|align="center" width="17%"|60px
|align="center" width="20%"|60px
|align="center" width="20%"|60px
|align="center" width="20%"|60px
|align="center" width="20%"|60px
|-
!May 1908
!Never Held
!October 1911
!Never Held
!March 10, 1915
|}
See also
- List of Medal of Honor recipients (Veracruz)
References
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