Fort Defiance ( ) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Apache County, Arizona, United States. It is also located within the Navajo Nation. The population was 3,624 at the 2010 census.

History

thumb|upright=0.6|left|Navajo silversmith Náltsos Nigéhani, or Paper-carrier, also known as Jake, employed as a mail-carrier between [[Fort Wingate and Fort Defiance.]]

The land on which Fort Defiance was eventually established was first noted by the U.S. military when Colonel John Washington stopped there on his return journey from an expedition to Canyon de Chelly. Fort Defiance was established on September 18, 1851, by Col. Edwin V. Sumner to create a military presence in Diné bikéyah (Navajo territory). Sumner broke up the fort at Santa Fe for this purpose, creating the first military post in what is now Arizona. approximately north of Window Rock.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.

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2020 census

As of the 2020 census, Fort Defiance had a population of 3,541. The median age was 34.8 years. 27.7% of residents were under the age of 18 and 13.7% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 94.8 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 96.4 males age 18 and over.

0.0% of residents lived in urban areas, while 100.0% lived in rural areas.

There were 1,069 households in Fort Defiance, of which 44.5% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 36.7% were married-couple households, 17.3% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 36.3% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 19.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. !! Percent

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| Spoke Navajo at home || 54.6%

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| Spoke English at home || 45.4%

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As of the 2000 census, there were 4,061 people, 1,115 households, and 890 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 1,321 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 92.9% Native American, 4.5% White, 0.3% Asian, 0.2% Black or African American, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.2% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. 1.4% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,115 households, out of which 49.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples living together, 30.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.1% were non-families. 18.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.61 and the average family size was 4.15.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 40.0% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 19.1% from 45 to 64, and 4.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $33,125, and the median income for a family was $35,448. Males had a median income of $35,455 versus $24,522 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $10,716. About 27.9% of families and 29.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.0% of those under age 18 and 32.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Fort Defiance is a part of Window Rock Unified School District. Fort Defiance is served by Window Rock Elementary School, Tséhootsooí Middle School, and Window Rock High School.

The Navajo Nation operates Tséhootsooí Diné Bi'Ólta', a Navajo language immersion school for grades K–8 in Fort Defiance, Arizona. Located on the Arizona-New Mexico border in the southeastern quarter of the Navajo Reservation, the school strives to revitalize Navajo among children of the Window Rock Unified School District. Tséhootsooí Diné Bi'ólta' has thirteen Navajo language teachers who instruct only in the Navajo language, and no English, while five English language teachers instruct in the English language. Kindergarten and first grade are taught completely in the Navajo language, while English is incorporated into the program during third grade, when it is used for about 10% of instruction.

Notable residents

  • Louva Dahozy, Navajo human rights activist

References

Further reading

  • Clayton R. Newell, "Fort Defiance, Arizona." On Point: Journal of Army History, (June 2008) 14#1 pp.&nbsp;44–47
  • Parts adapted from U.S. Senate website, product of the U.S. government
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