Foreign relations of Vietnam

thumb|300px|Foreign ministry in Hanoi

As of September 2025, Vietnam (officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam) maintains diplomatic relations with all 192 other member states of the UN, as well as with the State of Palestine and Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.

Since the end of the Vietnam War and the unification of Vietnam, Vietnam's foreign policy has reflected a tension between two choices: "to reject the Western-led world order and oppose Western influence, or to accept the Western-led world order and adapt Western influence." Over time, Vietnam has become more engaged in the international community. and consistently sought to deny Chinese regional dominance. Meanwhile, the United States and other Western countries recognized the State of Vietnam. Armed struggles against the French-backed and American-backed governments in Vietnam became internationalized and intertwined with the global Cold War. The 1954 Geneva Accords temporarily divided the country at the 17th parallel, with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the north and the State of Vietnam (later Republic of Vietnam) in the south. By October 1974, South Vietnam had established diplomatic relations with 94 countries, including three at the consular level. The division continued until the North successfully conquered the South in 1975, even though the reunification was only formalized the following year.

thumb|By 1966, South Vietnam had been recognized by about 60 states, while by 1972 North Vietnam had been recognized by 49 states.

During the Vietnam War (1959–1975), North Vietnam tried to balance relations with its two major allies, the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. In 1964, Zhou Enlai, worried about the escalation of U.S. forces in South Vietnam, made an informal agreement with the North. The agreement stipulated that if U.S. and South Vietnamese forces invaded North Vietnam, the Chinese would respond by loaning pilots to the North. During the invasion, Mao Zedong failed to send as many trained pilots as he promised. As a result, the North became more reliant on the Soviet Union for its defense.

The Soviet Union in 1952 vetoed the SVN's admission to full UN membership. In 1957, the General Assembly twice reaffirmed that the RVN was fully qualified for membership and should be admitted, yet both attempts were again vetoed by the Soviet Union. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam, unified in 1976, maintained a sole observer mission and was admitted as a full UN member in September 1977. United States–Vietnam relations improved in August 1995, when both nations upgraded their liaison offices opened during January 1995 to embassy status, with the United States later opening a consulate general in Ho Chi Minh City, and Vietnam opening a consulate in San Francisco.

Full diplomatic relations were restored with New Zealand who opened its embassy in Hanoi in 1995, while Vietnam established an embassy in Wellington in 2003. Pakistan reopened its embassy in Hanoi in October 2000. Vietnam also reopened its embassy in Islamabad in December 2005 and trade office in Karachi in November 2005.

In the past decade, Vietnam has recognized the importance of growing global economic interdependence and has made concerted efforts to adjust its foreign relations to reflect the evolving international economic and political situation in Southeast Asia. The country has begun to integrate itself into the regional and global economy by joining international organizations. Vietnam has stepped up its efforts to attract foreign capital from the West and regularize relations with the world financial system. In the 1990s, following the lifting of the US veto on multilateral loans to the country, Vietnam became a member of the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the Asian Development Bank. The country has expanded trade with its East Asian neighbors as well as with countries in Western Europe and North America. Of particular significance was Vietnam's acceptance into ASEAN in July 1995. Vietnam joined the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC) in November 1998 and also hosted the ASEAN summit the following month. In 2005, Vietnam attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. Vietnam became a member of the World Trade Organization in November 2006.

Current issues

thumb|230px|Vietnamese troops on [[Spratly Island]]

In 2011 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, at the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, released an official statement about Vietnam's foreign policy and a section of the statement stated: "Vietnam is a friend and reliable partner of all countries in the international community, actively taking part in international and regional cooperation processes. Deepen, stabilize and sustain established international relations. Develop relations with countries and territories in the world, as well as international organizations, while showing: respect for each other's independence; sovereignty and territorial integrity; non-interference in each other's international affairs; non-use or threat of force; settlement of disagreements and disputes by means of peaceful negotiations; mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit."

While Vietnam has remained relatively conflict-free since its Cambodia days, tensions have arisen in the past between Vietnam and its neighbors, especially in the case of China since both nations assert claims to the Spratly and Paracel Islands - the two archipelagos in a potentially oil-rich area of the South China Sea. Conflicting claims have produced over the years small scale armed altercations in the area. In 1988, more than 70 Vietnamese troops were killed during a confrontation with Chinese forces, when China occupied several islands under Vietnamese control in the Spratly Islands. China's assertion of control over the Spratly Islands and the entire South China Sea has elicited concern from Vietnam and its Southeast Asia neighbors. The territorial border between the two countries is being definitively mapped pursuant to a Land Border Agreement signed in December 1999, and an Agreement on Borders in the Gulf of Tonkin signed in December 2000. Vietnam and Russia declared a strategic partnership in March 2001 during the first visit ever to Hanoi of a Russian head of state, largely as an attempt to counterbalance China's growing profile in Southeast Asia.

Disputes – international: maritime boundary with Cambodia not defined; involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly - Paracel Islands with the People's Republic of China (PRC), Malaysia, Philippines, and possibly Brunei; maritime boundary with Thailand resolved in August 1997; maritime boundary dispute with the PRC in the Gulf of Tonkin resolved in 2000; Paracel Islands occupied by the PRC since 1974; offshore islands and sections of boundary with Cambodia are in dispute; agreement on land border with the People's Republic of China was signed in December 1999.

Illicit drugs: minor producer of opium poppy with 21 km2 cultivated in 1999, capable of producing 11 metric tons of opium; probably minor transit point for Southeast Asian heroin destined for the US and Europe; growing opium/heroin addiction; possible small-scale heroin production.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Vietnam maintains diplomatic relations with:

{| class="wikitable sortable"

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!Country

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|97

|98

|99

|100

|101

|—

|102

|103

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|105

|106

|107

|108

|109

|110

|111

|—

|112

|113

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|125

|126

|127

|136

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|186

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|191

Bilateral relations

Africa

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"

! style="width:15%;"| Country

! style="width:12%;"| Formal relations began

! style="width:50%;"| Notes

|- valign="top"

|||

|See Algeria–Vietnam relations

Algeria has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam has an embassy in Algiers.

|- valign="top"

|||

|See Angola–Vietnam relations

Angola has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam has an embassy in Luanda.

|- valign="top"

|||21 December 1995

|See Kenya–Vietnam relations

Kenya is accredited to Vietnam through its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.
Vietnam's embassy in Tanzania is accredited to Kenya.

|- valign="top"

|||15 March 1975

|See Libya–Vietnam relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 March 1975.
Libya has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam is accredited to Libya from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.

|- valign="top"

||| 14 February 1965

|See Tanzania–Vietnam relations

Americas

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"

! style="width:15%;"| Country

! style="width:12%;"| Formal relations began

! style="width:50%;"| Notes

|- valign="top"

||| 1973-10-25

Since December 1996, Argentina has an embassy in Hanoi.
Since January 1995, Vietnam has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
Argentine Ministry of Foreign Relations: list of bilateral treaties with Vietnam (in Spanish only)
Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Argentina

|- valign="top"

||| 1973-08-21

|See Canada–Vietnam relations

Canada maintains an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate general in Ho Chi Minh City.
Vietnam has an embassy in Ottawa and a consulate general in Vancouver.

|- valign="top"

|||

|See Chile–Vietnam relations

Chile has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam has an embassy in Santiago.

|- valign="top"

|||1960-12-02||See Cuba–Vietnam relations

Cuba has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam has an embassy in Havana.

|- valign="top"

|||19 April 1975||

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 April 1975.
Economic and commercial relations are very limited.

|- valign="top"

||| 1975-07-15||See Mexico–Vietnam relations

Mexico has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam has an embassy in Mexico City.

|- valign="top"

|||28 August 1975||

Panama has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate-general in Ho Chi Minh City
Vietnam is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico.

|- valign="top"

|||30 May 1995||

Paraguay is accredited to Vietnam from embassy in Tokyo, Japan.
Vietnam is accredited to Paraguay from its embassy in Buenos Aíres, Argentina.

|- valign="top"

|||

|See Peru–Vietnam relations

Peru has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.

|- valign="top"

||| 1995-07-11

|See United States–Vietnam relations

United States has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate-general in Ho Chi Minh City.
Vietnam has an embassy in Washington, D.C., and consulates-general in Houston, New York City and San Francisco.

|- valign="top"

|||

|See Uruguay–Vietnam relations

Uruguay has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

|- valign="top"

||| 1989-12-18

|See Venezuela–Vietnam relations

Vietnam has an embassy in Caracas and Venezuela an embassy in Hanoi. Though bilateral trade was $11.7 million in 2007 relations show "great potential". Over the past ten years, the two countries have witnessed new developments in various fields, including politics, economics, culture and society, particularly in the oil and gas industry.

Vietnamese President Nguyễn Minh Triết arrived in Caracas on 18 November for a two-day official visit on an invitation from Hugo Chávez. Triet hailed Vietnam's friendship with Venezuela as he sought to focus on tying up oil and gas deals, including a joint development fund. He said that "We (Vietnamese) are grateful for the support and solidarity that they (Venezuelans) have offered us until now." Triết said.

Since Hugo Chávez's visit to Vietnam in 2006, his government stepped up bilateral relations with the country, which also included a visit by the Communist Party general secretary, Nông Đức Mạnh in 2007. Petróleos de Venezuela and Petrovietnam also announced a number of joint projects since the 2006 visit, including Petrovietnam's was given a concession in the Orinoco basin and an agreement to transport Venezuelan oil to Vietnam, where the two would together build an oil refinery that Vietnam lacks. On the 2006 visit, Chávez praised Vietnam's revolutionary history as he attacked the United States for its "imperialist" crimes in the Vietnam War. On the 2008 visit Triết returned similar comments as he lauded a group of Venezuelans who captured a US soldier during the Vietnam war in an unsuccessful bid to prevent the execution of a Vietnamese revolutionary.

In March 2008 an agreement was signed to cooperate in tourism between Vietnam and Venezuela. President Nguyễn Minh Triết received the PDVSA's vice president Asdrubal Chavez and stated that oil and gas cooperation would become a typical example of their multi-faceted cooperation. In 2009 the Venezuelan government approved $46.5 million for an agricultural development project with Vietnam.

Asia

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"

! style="width:15%;"| Country

! style="width:12%;"| Formal relations began

! style="width:50%;"| Notes

|- valign="top"

|||16 September 1974||

Vietnam had an embassy in Kabul from 1978 to 1992.

|- valign="top"

|||14 July 1992||

Diplomatic relations between Armenia and Vietnam were established on 14 July 1992.
Vietnam is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
Armenia has an embassy in Hanoi.

|- valign="top"

|||2 November 1973||See Bangladesh–Vietnam relations

|- valign="top"

|||29 February 1992||See Brunei–Vietnam relations

Brunei has an embassy in Hanoi, and Vietnam has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.

|- valign="top"

|||24 June 1967||See Cambodia–Vietnam relations

Since the 1990s, relations between these nations have been improving. Both countries are members of multilateral regional organizations ASEAN and the Mekong–Ganga Cooperation. Both have opened and developed cross-border trade and sought to relax visa regulations to that end. Both governments have set official targets of increasing bilateral trade by 27% to US$2.3 billion by 2010 and to $6.5 billion by 2015. Vietnam exported US$1.2 billion worth of goods to Cambodia in 2007. While Cambodia is only the 16th largest importer of Vietnamese goods, Vietnam is Cambodia's third-largest export market. Both governments have set the target of increasing trade volume to US$10 billion by 2010. Both sides have also launched joint ventures such as the Thai Nguyen Steel Complex, which produces hundreds of thousands of tonnes of steel products. In the 2003 joint declaration, India and Vietnam envisaged creating an "Arc of Advantage and Prosperity" in Southeast Asia; to this end, Vietnam has backed a more important relationship and role between India and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and its negotiation of an Indo-ASEAN free trade agreement. India and Vietnam have also built strategic partnerships, including extensive cooperation on developing nuclear power, enhancing regional security and fighting terrorism, transnational crime and drug trafficking.

|- valign="top"

||| 30 December 1955|| See Indonesia–Vietnam relations

Vietnam and Indonesia are both members of (ASEAN), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
President Megawati Sukarnoputri of Indonesia visited Vietnam in June 2003. At this time the two countries signed a "Declaration on the Framework of Friendly and Comprehensive Cooperation Entering the 21st Century".
In May 2005 President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono of Indonesia visited Vietnam. In the December of the same year festivities were organized in the respective capital cities to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties. Due to the ongoing South China Sea disputes, both Vietnam and Indonesia has supported a restraint in militarizing the issue. China claims the EEZ of the Natuna Island of Indonesia, while it also claims most of the South China Sea including the Vietnam-claimed Paracel and Spratly islands.

|- valign="top"

|||4 August 1973||See Iran–Vietnam relations

|- valign="top"

|||10 July 1968||

See Iraq–Vietnam relations

Since December 1969, Iraq has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam is accredited to Iraq from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.

|- valign="top"

|||12 July 1993 ||See Israel–Vietnam relations

Since December 1993, Israel has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam has an embassy in Tel Aviv.
See also History of the Jews in Vietnam
Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Israel

|- valign="top"

|||1605 (Tokugawa shogunate) 21 September 1973||See Japan-Vietnam relations

Lord Nguyễn Hoàng started to send national letter to Tokugawa Ieyasu to invite Japanese merchant to come to Hội An in 1605
Prince Cường Để exiled in Japan in 1905
Việt Nam Duy Tân Hội (Vietnam Modernization Association) created in 1904 by Phan Bội Châu, The Vietnamese nationalist who wished to bring his people to Japan to study through Đông Du Movement
Empire of Japan invaded French Indochina in 1940
Surrender of Japan in 1945
Both nation established relation on 21 September 1973
Following 23 October 1991 Final Act of the International Paris Conference on Cambodia among the Cambodian parties, Indonesia (as co-chair with France), and the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, Japan promptly established diplomatic relations and ended economic restrictions with Cambodia and Vietnam. In November 1992, Tokyo offered Vietnam US$370 million in aid. Japan also took a leading role in peacekeeping activities in Cambodia. Japan's Akashi Yasushi, UN Undersecretary General for Disarmament, was head of the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia, and Japan pledged US$3 million and even sent approximately 2,000 personnel, including members of the SDF, to participate directly in maintaining the peace. Despite the loss of a Japanese peacekeeper killed in an ambush, the force remained in Cambodia until the Cambodians were able to elect and install a government.

Japan is the single biggest country donor to Vietnam. It has pledged US$890 million in aid for the country this year, or 6.5 percent higher than the 2006 level of $US 835.6 million.

|- valign="top"

|||5/9/1962||See Laos-Vietnam relations

Although Vietnam's historical record of leadership in the revolution and its military power and proximity will not cease to exist, Laos struck out ahead of Vietnam with its New Economic Mechanism to introduce market mechanisms into its economy. In so doing, Laos has opened the door to rapprochement with Thailand and China at some expense to its special dependence on Vietnam. Laos might have reached the same point of normalization in following Vietnam's economic and diplomatic change, but by moving ahead resolutely and responding to Thai and Chinese gestures, Laos has broadened its range of donors, trading partners, and investors independent of Vietnam's attempts to accomplish the same goal. Thus, Vietnam remains in the shadows as a mentor and emergency ally, and the tutelage of Laos has shifted dramatically to development banks and international entrepreneurs.

Laos has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulates-general in Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City.
Vietnam has an embassy in Vientiane and consulates-general in Luang Prabang, Pakse and Savannakhet

|- valign="top"

|||30 March 1973||See Malaysia-Vietnam relations

Vietnam has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia has an embassy in Hanoi and consulate-general in Ho Chi Minh City.

|- valign="top"

|||1280 (Yuan dynasty) 17 November 1954||See Mongolia–Vietnam relations

The countries signed a Friendship and Cooperation Treaty in 1961, renewed it in 1979, and signed a new one in 1995.

There have been 13 sessions of the Vietnam-Mongolia inter-governmental committee on cooperation in trade, economics and sci-tech, with the next to be held in Ulaanbaatar in 2010. On 25 May 2004 in Ulaanbaatar, the countries signed agreements on railway transport and scientific and technological cooperation. Other agreements have covered areas such as plant protection and quarantine regulations, customs, health and education.

|- valign="top"

|||8 November 1972||See Pakistan–Vietnam relations

Pakistan opened its embassy in Hanoi in 1973. However, due to economic reasons, Pakistan closed the embassy in 1980. Vietnam also opened its embassy in Islamabad in 1978 and had to close it down in 1984 due to its own economic difficulty. Bilateral relations between Pakistan and Vietnam in recent years have considerably improved. Both countries' leaders expressed their willingness to strengthen their existing relations, not only in the political sphere but also in other areas such as trade and economics, and exchange more visits from one to another's country, including both high-ranking and working visits. Pakistan reopened its embassy in Hanoi in October 2000. Vietnam also reopened its embassy in Islamabad in December 2005 and trade office in Karachi in November 2005.

|- valign="top"

|||12 July 1976||See Philippines–Vietnam relations

Ever since the end of the Cold War relations between the Philippines and Vietnam has warmed rapidly. Today the Philippines and Vietnam are economic allies and have a free trade deal with each other. Both nations are a part of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). The Philippines and Vietnam have conducted joint military exercises together in the South China Sea and are trying to find ways to turn the Spratly Islands from an area of conflict to an area of cooperation. Vietnam is also sometimes called the only communist military ally of the Philippines. The Philippines and Vietnam are also monitoring China's expansion into the South China Sea making sure that China is no threat to either Philippine or Vietnamese islands in the South China Sea. The Philippines also imports a large amount of writing material, clothes and other products from Vietnam. In May 2009, The Philippines has inked an agreement with Vietnam to cooperate in the fight against crimes and ensuring social order. In January 2010, the Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE) has signed a memorandum of understanding with the Vietnam bourse "for mutual collaboration and communication of information and experience" to facilitate the development and efficient operations of both securities markets. In 2012, Vietnam sent two military assets for a good will visit to the Philippines. Both Vietnam and the Philippines have the same stand on the South China Sea disputes, patronizing multilateral talks and international court rulings to solve the issue, tactics which China has avoided. In 2016, the Philippines strengthened its stand on the dispute through a court ruling in an international court not associated with UN and poised to create stronger relations with Vietnam for strategic defense and economic cooperation.

|- valign="top"

|||8 February 1993||See Qatar–Vietnam relations

Qatar has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam has an embassy in Doha.

|- valign="top"

|||||See Saudi Arabia–Vietnam relations

Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam has an embassy in Riyadh.

|- valign="top"

|||1 August 1973||See Singapore–Vietnam relations

Singapore has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam has an embassy in Singapore.

|- valign="top"

|||1226 (Goryeo) 22 December 1992||See South Korea–Vietnam relations

History

Prince Lý Long Tường of the Lý dynasty fled and exiled in Kingdom of Goryeo in 1226 to avoid the execution of the Trần dynasty
Both had some meetings when both of them sent envoys to pay tribute to China Empire.
South Korea recognised Capitalist ally South Vietnam
President Park Chung Hee sent ROK troops to fight in Vietnam war in 1960s.

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Republic of Korea started on 22 December 1992.

1994 August Prime Minister Lee Young-deok
1996 November President Kim Young-sam
1998 December President Kim Dae-jung
2002 April Prime Minister Lee Han-dong
2004 October President Roh Moo-hyun
2006 January Speaker of National Assembly Kim Won-ki
2006 November President Roh Moo-hyun (APEC)
2008 April Speaker of National Assembly Lim Chae-jung
2009 May Presidential Envoy Lee Byung-suk
2009 October President Lee Myung-bak
2009 November Speaker of National Assembly Kim Hyong-o
2010 October President Lee Myung-bak
2013 January Speaker of National Assembly Kang Chang Hee
2013 September President Park Geun-hye(G20).

|- valign="top"

|||960 (Song) unofficial relation (Now)||see Taiwan–Vietnam relations

Taiwan had full relation with former South Vietnam
Taiwan–Vietnam relations are conducted on an unofficial level, as Hanoi adheres to a one-China policy and officially recognises the People's Republic of China only. However, this has not stopped bilateral visits and significant flows of migrants and investment capital between Taiwan and Vietnam. Taiwan has been the largest source of foreign direct investment in Vietnam since 2006. Both countries maintain representative offices; Taiwan is represented by branches of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, while Vietnam is represented by the Vietnam Economic and Cultural Office in Taipei.

|- valign="top"

|||6/8/1976||See Thailand–Vietnam relations

Thailand has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate-general in Ho Chi Minh City.
Vietnam has an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate-general in Khon Kaen.

|- valign="top"

|||1978||See Turkey–Vietnam relations

Vietnam has an embassy in Ankara.
There are direct flights from Istanbul to Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City since 27 June 2016.|| See Belarus–Vietnam relations
Since 1997, Belarus has an embassy in Hanoi.
Since November 2003, Vietnam has an embassy in Minsk.

|- valign="top"

|||8 February 1950||See Bulgaria–Vietnam relations

Bulgaria has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam has an embassy in Sofia.
In 2006, the Bulgarian Government agreed to a healthcare cooperation plan with Vietnam. The two-year plan includes cooperation in many areas, mainly in public healthcare, inpatient and outpatient help, food security, medical education.

|- valign="top"

|||2 February 1950 (as Czechoslovakia)||See Czech Republic–Vietnam relations

The Czech Republic has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam has an embassy in Prague.

|- valign="top"

|||25 November 1971||See Denmark–Vietnam relations

Since 1 April 1994, Denmark has an embassy in Hanoi.
Since 12 August 2000, Vietnam has an embassy in Copenhagen.
There are around 8,500 Vietnamese living in Denmark.
June 2002, Nguyễn Dy Niên, Vietnamese Foreign Minister, visited Denmark
October 2004, Per Stig Møller Danish Minister of Foreign Affairs attended the 5th Asia–Europe Meeting in Hanoi
March 2007, Ulrik Federspiel Secretary of State for Foreign Affair visited Vietnam
Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Denmark

|- valign="top"

|||||See Finland–Vietnam relations

Finland has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam has an embassy in Helsinki.

|- valign="top"

|||12 April 1973||See France–Vietnam relations

France has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate-general in Ho Chi Minh City.
Vietnam has an embassy in Paris.

|- valign="top"

|||3 February 1955 (with East Germany and unified Germany) 23 September 1975 (with West Germany)||See Germany–Vietnam relations

Germany has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam has an embassy in Berlin and a consulate-general in Frankfurt.

|- valign="top"

|||15 April 1975||See Greece–Vietnam relations

Greece has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam has an embassy in Athens.

|- valign="top"

|||No relation||See Holy See–Vietnam relations

|- valign="top"

|||3 February 1950||See Hungary–Vietnam relations

Hungary has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam has an embassy in Budapest.

|- valign="top"

|||23 March 1973||See Italy–Vietnam relations

Italy has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate-general in Ho Chi Minh City.
Vietnam has an embassy in Rome.

|- valign="top"

|||15 November 1973||See Luxembourg–Vietnam relations

Luxembourg is represented in Vietnam through its embassy in Beijing, China.
Vietnam is represented in Luxembourg through its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.

|- valign="top"

|||10 June 1994||

The countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1994.
Vietnam is represented in North Macedonia through its embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria. starting a long period of trading relations with the Portuguese established in Macau and in Malacca.
Portugal is accredited to Vietnam from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand and has honorary consulates both in Hanoi (31 Pho Duc Chinh, Truc Bach Ward, Ba Dinh District, Ha noi) and in Ho Chi Minh City (66/11 Pham Ngoc Thach, Q3, Ho Chi Minh)
Vietnam is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Paris, France.

|- valign="top"

|||30 January 1950 (as USSR) Russia (now)||See Russia–Vietnam relations

USSR was an ally of Vietnam.
On 30 January 1950 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics established an embassy to North Vietnam. The USSR was traditionally one of Vietnam's strongest allies.

|- valign="top"

|||10 March 1957 (as SFR Yugoslavia)||

Serbia is represented in Vietnam through its embassy in Jakarta (Indonesia).
Vietnam is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Bucharest (Romania).
Vietnam supports Serbia in Kosovo issue.
Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Vietnam
Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Serbia

|- valign="top"

|||2/2/1950 (as Czechoslovakia)||See Slovakia–Vietnam relations

Slovakia has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam has an embassy in Bratislava.

|- valign="top"

|||23 May 1977||See Spain–Vietnam relations

Spain has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam has an embassy in Madrid.

|- valign="top"

|||23 January 1992||See Ukraine–Vietnam relations

Ukraine has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam has an embassy in Kyiv.

|- valign="top"

||| 11 September 1973 ||See United Kingdom–Vietnam relations

thumb|right|[[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Vietnam)|Vietnamese Foreign Minister Bùi Thanh Sơn with British Foreign Secretary David Lammy in Kuala Lumpur, July 2025.]]

Vietnam established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 11 September 1973.

Vietnam maintains an embassy in London.
The UK is accredited to Vietnam through its embassy in Hanoi, and a Consulate General in Ho Chi Minh City.

The UK occupied Southern Vietnam and Saigon from 1945–1946.

Both countries share common membership of CPTPP, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement, a Free Trade Agreement, an Investment Agreement, and a Strategic Partnership.

Oceania

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"

! style="width:15%;"| Country

! style="width:12%;"| Formal relations began

! style="width:50%;"| Notes

|- valign="top"

||| 26 February 1973

|See Australia–Vietnam relations

Australian prime ministers Paul Keating and John Howard have visited Vietnam, in 1994 and 2006 respectively.
In the fiscal year 2006–2007 Australia Overseas Development Aid was 81.5million A$.
In 2006, the volume of bilateral trade was 4.75 US$ billion.
Australia has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate in Ho Chi Minh City. Vietnam has an embassy in Canberra.
Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs: VIETNAM – AUSTRALIA RELATIONS

|- valign="top"

|||19 June 1975||See New Zealand–Vietnam relations

References

Works cited

External links

Vietnam – US trade

Current issues

Diplomatic relations

Bilateral relations

Africa

Americas

Asia

Oceania

See also

References

Works cited

Further reading

External links