<!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see WP:SDNONE -->
thumb|Former Romanian president [[Klaus Iohannis with former American president Joe Biden, 7 May 2024|355x355px]]
The foreign relations of Romania is the policy arm of the Government of Romania which guides its interactions with other nations, their citizens and foreign organizations, as well as its status as a member of the European Union, NATO and other international organizations Romania is part of.
Previously a totalitarian state that has faced a revolution and changed its regime at the end of the Cold War, Romania transitioned to a foreign policy centered on Euro-Atlantic integration. Romania joined NATO on March 29, 2004, and the European Union on January 1, 2007, which inadvertently led to positive relations with countries affiliated with those blocks and diminishing of relations with former communist allies such as North Korea, China, Russia or states from the Middle East.
Romania is often classified as a middle power given its strategic geographic position, economic growth capabilities and participation in multilateral institutions that shape geopolitical outcomes of major importance. Romania fosters regional cooperation through initiatives such as BSEC, the Three Seas Initiative, Bucharest Nine, Craiova Group and is also part of the Schengen Area.
As a semi-presidential state widely recognized as democratic, Romania prioritizes multilateralism, collective security and democratic values and maintains close to very close relations with each of its five neighbours given mutual past cooperation, culture or other aspects.
Diplomatic relations
List of countries which Romania maintains diplomatic relations with:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
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|||<!--Start date-->1881-07-05||See Romania–Spain relations
- Romania has an embassy in Madrid.
- Spain has an embassy in Bucharest.
- Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Start date-->1916-03-18||See Romania–Sweden relations
- Romania has an embassy in Stockholm.
- Sweden has an embassy in Bucharest.
- Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
|}
Europe (Outside of the European Union)
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal relations began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Start date--> 1913-12-28
|See Albania–Romania relations
|- valign="top"
|||1991-12-17||See Armenia–Romania relations
- Armenia has an embassy in Bucharest.
- Romania has an embassy in Yerevan.
- Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
|- valign="top"
|||1992-02-14||See Belarus–Romania relations
|- valign="top"
|||1996-03-01||See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Romania relations
|- valign="top"
|||1921-02-18||See Georgia–Romania relations
|- valign="top"
| ||1920-06-12||See Holy See–Romania relations
|- valign="top"
|||1991-08-27<!--Start date-->||See Moldova–Romania relations
- Moldova and Romania enjoy an extraordinary relation ever since Moldova achieved its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Moldova is the subject of a popular irredentist movement in Romania calling for Moldova's incorporation in Romania, Pan-Romanianism being a key feature in politics of both countries.
- Moldova has been part of modern Romania from 1918 to 1940. Romanian is the official language of Moldova. Moldovans and Romanians share common traditions, folklore and are often considered the same ethnic group.
- Romania and Moldova are neighbouring countries sharing 681 km of border. Romania is a member state of the European Union, while Moldova is a candidate since 2022. Romania is a strong supporter of Moldova's European integration.
- Romania has an embassy in Chișinău, consulate-generals in Chișinău, Bălți and Cahul and a consular office in Ungheni. Moldova has an embassy in Bucharest, a consulate-general in Iași and honorary-consulates in Timișoara, Cluj-Napoca and Baia Mare.
- Moldovans represent the biggest foreign ethnic group that are the subject of immigration to Romania, accounting for more than 40% of foreign-born residents of Romania. Around 30% of Moldova's residents hold Romanian citizenship as a result of citizenship laws passed by the Government of Romania.
|- valign="top"
|||2006-08-09||See Montenegro–Romania relations
|- valign="top"
|||1917-05-03||See Norway–Romania relations
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Start date-->1878-10-12||See Romania–Russia relations
- As a member of the European Union and NATO, Romania is on Russia's "unfriendly country list"
|- valign="top"
|||1841-04-19||See Romania–Serbia relations
- Romania and Serbia are neighbouring countries sharing 546 km of border. Romania is a member state of the European Union, while Serbia is a candidate since 2012. Romania is a strong supporter of Serbia's European integration.
- Romania has an embassy in Belgrade and a consulate-general in both Vršac and Zaječar. Serbia has an embassy in Bucharest and a consulate-general in Timișoara.
- Romania and Serbia have traditionally held close relations between them and achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire at the same time.
- Romania is a strong supporter of Serbia's territorial integrity and is one of the five countries member of the European Union that has not recognized Kosovo's declaration of independence from Serbia in 2008.
- Romanian is one of the official languages in Serbia's Autonomous Province of Vojvodina.
|- valign="top"
|||1992|| See Foreign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
- The diplomatic representation of Romania with SMOM is handled by the Romanian embassy in the Vatican (Holy See).
- Sovereign Military Order of Malta has an embassy in Bucharest.
|- valign="top"
|||1911-05-09||See Romania–Switzerland relations
|- valign="top"
|||1879-10-22||See Romania–Turkey relations
- Romania has an embassy in Ankara and consulates-general in Istanbul and İzmir.
- Turkey has an embassy in Bucharest and consulates-general in Constanța.
- Both countries are full members of NATO.
|- valign="top"
|||1918-02-09||See Romania–Ukraine relations
- Romania and Ukraine are neighbouring countries sharing 619 km of border. Romania is a member state of the European Union, while Ukraine is a candidate since 2022. Romania is a strong supporter of Ukraine's Euro-Atlantic integration.
- Romania has an embassy in Kyiv, a consulate-general in both Chernivtsi and Odesa and a consulate in Solotvyno. Ukraine has an embassy in Bucharest and formerly had a consulate-general in Suceava, that was closed in 2014, with Romania committing to open another consulate-general in Sighetu Marmației.
- After Ukraine's independence from the Soviet Union and the Romanian Revolution, the two countries were engaged in a diplomatic skirmish over the territorial waters of each, that was solved in 2009. Nowadays, Romania is a strong supporter of Ukraine's territorial integrity and has intensively aided Ukraine both militarily and humanitarian during its war with Russia, which also saw spillovers on Romanian territory.
|- valign="top"
||| 1880-02-20 ||See Romania–United Kingdom relations
thumb|right|[[Prime Minister of Romania|Romanian Prime Minister Marcel Ciolacu with British Prime Minister Keir Starmer in 10 Downing Street, November 2024.]]
Romania established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 20 February 1880.
- Romania maintains an embassy in London, and consulate generals in Edinburgh and Manchester. Romania also maintains honorary consulates in Hirwaun, Leeds, Morpeth-Newcastle and Southampton.
- The United Kingdom is accredited to Romania through its embassy in Bucharest.
Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OSCE, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Defence Cooperation Agreement, and a Double Taxation Convention.
|}
Asia
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal relations began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|||1958-06-05||See Foreign relations of Afghanistan
- Romania has an embassy in Kabul.
|- valign="top"
|||1992-06-19||See Azerbaijan–Romania relations
- Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bucharest.
- Romania has an embassy in Baku.
- Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
|- valign="top"
|||1949-10-05||See China–Romania relations
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Start date-->1902-07-24||See Iran–Romania relations
- Iran has an embassy in Bucharest.
- Romania has an embassy in Tehran.
|- valign="top"
|||1958-08-14||See Iraq–Romania relations
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Start date-->1948-06-11||See Israel–Romania relations
|- valign="top"
|||1948-10-26||See North Korea–Romania relations
- Romania has an embassy in Pyongyang.
|- valign="top"
|||1965-01-06||See Lebanon–Romania relations
- Lebanon has an embassy in Bucharest and an honorary consulate in Constanța.
- Romania has an embassy in Beirut an honorary consulate in Tripoli. In March 2002 Romania and Singapore signed a double-taxation agreement. In November 2008, Singapore signed an open skies agreement (OSA) with Romania to allow greater flexibility on air services.
In 2000, trade between Romania and Singapore was US$15.5 million, roughly balanced. The Romanian market, with a relatively cheap and skilled labor force and advantageous tax laws, has been attractive to several Singapore companies who have established joint ventures in Romania. Forte, created in 1990 as a Romanian-Singapore joint venture for computer assembly, is an example. (However, in 2006 Forte was acquired by Siemens.)
- Romania has an embassy in Singapore.
|- valign="top"
|||1990-03-30||See Romania–South Korea relations
- The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Romania and South Korea started on 30 March 1990.
- South Korea's Investment in Romania in 2012 was about 560 million.
- South Korea has an embassy in Bucharest, Romania.
- Romania has an embassy in Seoul South Korea.
- The number of South Koreans living in Romania is about 500.
- Bilateral Trade in 2014
- Exports 5.98 billion US dollars
- Imports 6.42 billion US dollars
- Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relations with South Korea
- South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about the relations with Romania
- Foreign relations of South Korea#Europe. and an honorary consulate in Pattaya.
- Thailand has an embassy in Bucharest.
|- valign="top"
|||1995-10-06||See Romania–Uzbekistan relations
|}
Africa: Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Start date-->1962-02-20||See Morocco–Romania relations
|- valign="top"
|||1963-12-16||See Romania–Tunisia relations
|}
Africa: Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;" | Country
! style="width:12%;" | Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|||1969-07-15||See Chad–Romania relations
|}
Africa: East African Community (EAC)
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;" | Country
! style="width:12%;" | Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|||1968-06-22||See Foreign relations of Kenya
Romania opened its embassy in Kenya in 1974.
- Romania has an embassy in Nairobi.
|}
North America and the Caribbean
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|||1919-08-19||See Canada–Romania relations
- Canada has an embassy in Bucharest.
- Romania has an embassy in Ottawa and consulates-general in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver.
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Start date-->1935-07-20||See Mexico–Romania relations
- Mexico has an embassy in Bucharest.
- Romania has an embassy in Mexico City
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Start date-->1880-06-14||See Romania–United States relations
Although diplomatic relations between the two countries started in 1880, the United States recognized Romania's independence on October 14, 1878. The relations were severed between 1941 and 1946 and remained strained until the 1960s. The bilateral relations began improving after the fall of communism in Romania.
- Romania has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and consulates-general in Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami and New York City.
- United States has an embassy in Bucharest.
|}
South and Central America
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Start date-->1931-04-24||See Argentina–Romania relations
- Romania has an embassy in Buenos Aires and an honorary consulate in Mendoza.
- The Argentine Republic has an embassy in Bucharest.
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Start date-->1928-01-07||See Brazil–Romania relations
- Romania has an embassy in Brasília, a consulate-general in Rio de Janeiro and 6 honorary consulates (in Aracaju, Belo Horizonte, Curitiba, Fortaleza, Porto Alegre and Recife).
- Brazil has an embassy in Bucharest.
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Start date-->1925-02-05||See Chile–Romania relations
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Start date-->1939-10-10||
- Romania has an embassy in Lima and an honorary consulate in Arequipa.
- The Republic of Peru has an embassy and an honorary consulate, both in Bucharest.
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Start date-->1925-07-24||See Romania–Uruguay relations
- Romania has an embassy in Montevideo.
- The Oriental Republic of Uruguay has an embassy in Bucharest.
|}
Oceania
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|||1968-03-18||See Australia–Romania relations
Romania and Australia have concluded an Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement, signed in 1994, a Trade and Economic Agreement (signed with full effect for Australia in July 2002 and for Romania in January 2003) and an Agreement for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion, signed in 2001.
- Romania has an embassy in Canberra, a general consulate in Sydney, and an honorary consulate in Melbourne.
- The Commonwealth of Australia has no embassy in Romania, only an honorary consulate in Bucharest. The Australian embassy in Athens, Greece, is concurrently accredited to Romania.
|}
International organisations
Romania is a member of the following international organisations:
- Council of Europe
- International Atomic Energy Agency
- International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
- International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
- NATO
- United Nations
- International Maritime Organization
- Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation
- Black Sea Trade and Development Bank
- Union for the Mediterranean
- Antarctic Treaty System (without consulting status)
- Asia–Europe Meeting
- European Patent Organisation
- Interpol
- European Space Agency
See also
- List of diplomatic missions in Romania
- List of diplomatic missions of Romania
- List of Romanian diplomats
- Romania's foreign policy in the years preceding the outbreak of the World War I