Panama's foreign relations are conventional in outlook, with Panama being especially aligned with United States since the 1989 US invasion to topple the regime of General Manuel Noriega. The United States cooperates with the Panamanian government in promoting economic, political, security, and social development through U.S. and international agencies.
Diplomatic relations
List of countries which Panama maintains diplomatic relations with:
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Bilateral relations
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|||
- Panama has an embassy in Ottawa and consulates-general in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver.
|- valign="top"
|||
On June 12, 2017, President Juan Carlos Varela announced that Panama has established a diplomatic relationship with People's Republic of China, and Panama has severed diplomatic relationship with the Republic of China (Taiwan).
- China has an embassy in Panama City.
- Panama has an embassy in Beijing and consulates-general in Hong Kong, Guangzhou and Shanghai.
|- valign="top"
|||1 March 1908
- Panama has an embassy in Santiago and a consulate-general in Valparaíso.
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Date started-->9 July 1924||See Colombia–Panama relations
- Colombia has an embassy in Panama City and consulates in Colón, Jaqué and Puerto Obaldía.
- Panama has an embassy in Bogotá and a consulate-general in Barranquilla.
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Date started-->29 December 1903||See Costa Rica–Panama relations
- Panama has an embassy in San José.
- Costa Rica has an embassy in Panama City and a consulate in David.
|- valign="top"
|||
- India has an embassy in Panama City.
- Panama has an embassy in New Delhi and a consulate-general in Mumbai.
|- valign="top"
|||27 August 2013||
Panama officially recognised the independence of the Republic of Kosovo on 16 January 2009. Kosovo and Panama established diplomatic relations on 27 August 2013, following the establishment of diplomatic relations Kosovo announced it would be opening an embassy in Panama and that this embassy would be Kosovo's 'gateway to Latin America'.
Kosovo has an embassy in Panama City. Both countries enjoy excellent relationships.
|- valign="top"
|||29 May 1923
- Panama has an embassy in Mexico City and a consulate-general in Veracruz City.
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Date started-->2 March 1908||
- Panama has an embassy in Lima.
- Peru has an embassy in Panama City.
|- valign="top"
|||21 November 1903
- Russia has an embassy in Panama city.
|- valign="top"
|||1 June 1979 Panama also has the oldest Sahrawi embassy in Latin America. Relations were suspended from 20 November 2013 to 7 January 2016;.
|- valign="top"
|||2006
- Both countries are full members of the Organization of American States.
|- valign="top"
|||1953
- A number of bilateral agreements have been concluded and are in force between both countries.
|- valign="top"
|||1995
- Panama has an embassy Pretoria.
- South Africa is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Lima, Peru.
- South Korea has an embassy in Panama City.
|- valign="top"
|||10 May 1904
- Spain has an embassy in Panama City.
|- valign="top"
|||20 August 1982||
- Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 August 1982.
- Turkey has an embassy in Panama.
- The United Kingdom is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Panama City.
Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Central America–United Kingdom Association Agreement. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention, and an Investment Agreement.
|- valign="top"
|||13 November 1903<br />3 April 1964
- United States has an embassy in Panama City.
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Date started-->28 October 1904||See Panama–Uruguay relations
- Panama has an embassy in Montevideo.
- Uruguay has an embassy in Panama City.
|-
|
|1717
Severed Relations in 2024
|See Panama–Venezuela relations
|}
See also
- List of diplomatic missions in Panama
- List of diplomatic missions of Panama
References
Further reading
- Ealy, Lawrence O. The Republic of Panama in world affairs, 1903-1950 (U of Pennsylvania Press, 1951). online
- Farnsworth, David N., and James W. McKenney. US-Panama relations, 1903–1978: A study in linkage politics (Routledge, 2020).
- Major, John. "‘Pro mundi beneficio’? The Panama Canal as an international issue, 1943–8." Review of International Studies 9.1 (1983): 17–34.
- Williams Jr, Harold E. Panamanian-US Relations Towards 2000: An Opportunity for Partnership (Naval Postgraduate School, 1995) online.