<!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see WP:SDNONE -->
thumb|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia
Mongolia has diplomatic relations with all 192 UN states, the Holy See, the State of Palestine and the European Union.
Its geopolitical position is defined by its geographical location, situated between Russia and China, relying on trade with both sides. Officially, it maintains a neutral stance on international matters. It has a modest number of missions abroad.
Diplomatic relations
List of countries which Mongolia maintains diplomatic relations with:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="3" |frameless|425x425px
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!#
!Country
!Date
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|8
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|9
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|10
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|11
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|12
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|13
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|14
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|15
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|16
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|17
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|18
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|19
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|20
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|21
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|22
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|23
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|24
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|25
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|26
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|27
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|28
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|29
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|30
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|31
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|32
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|33
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|34
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|35
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|36
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|37
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|38
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|39
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|40
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|41
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|42
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|43
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|44
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|45
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|46
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|47
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|48
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|49
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|50
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|51
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|52
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|53
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|54
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|55
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|56
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|57
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|58
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|59
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|60
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|61
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|62
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|63
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|64
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|65
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|66
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|67
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|68
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|69
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|70
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|71
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|72
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|73
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|74
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|75
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|76
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|77
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|78
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|79
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|80
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|81
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|82
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|83
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|84
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|85
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|86
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|87
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|88
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|89
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|90
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|91
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|92
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|93
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|94
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|95
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|96
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|97
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|98
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|99
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|100
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|101
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|102
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|103
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|—
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|104
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|105
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|106
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|107
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|108
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|109
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|110
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|111
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|112
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|113
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|114
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|115
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|116
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|—
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|117
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|118
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|119
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|120
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|121
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|122
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|123
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|124
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|125
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|126
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|127
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|128
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|129
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|130
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|131
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|132
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|133
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|134
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|135
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|136
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|137
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|138
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|139
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|140
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|141
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|142
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|143
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|144
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|145
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|146
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|147
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|148
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|149
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|150
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|151
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|152
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|153
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|154
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|155
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|156
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|157
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|158
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|159
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|160
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|161
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|162
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|163
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|164
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|165
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|166
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|167
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|168
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|169
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|170
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|171
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|172
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|173
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|174
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|175
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|176
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|177
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|178
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|179
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|180
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|181
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|182
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|183
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|184
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|185
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|186
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|187
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|188
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|189
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|190
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|191
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|192
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|}
Africa
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|||||
Diplomatic relations between Egypt and Mongolia were established in 1964. Cairo currently hosts Mongolia's only embassy on the African continent. In 2001, Mongolia sent policemen to Egypt to attend trainings sessions on anti-terrorism and the prevention of drug trafficking. Mongolian President Natsagiin Bagabandi and his wife Azadsurengiin Oyunbileg paid an official visit to Egypt in April 2004, during which he invited Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak to pay him a return visit in Mongolia. Almost exactly one year later, Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Aboul Gheit visited Mongolia, during which he began the planning of mutual visits of the ministers of finance of the two countries.
Bilateral relations between Mongolia and Egypt
|}
Americas
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|||1973-11-30
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Date started-->1975-09-24||
In October 2001, Mexican President Vicente Fox paid an official visit to Mongolia.
- Mexico is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Seoul, South Korea and maintains an honorary consulate in Ulaanbaatar.
- Mongolia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.
|- valign="top"
|||2003-06-17
|- valign="top"
|||2021-02-24||
|- valign="top"
|||1987-01-27 Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld visited in October 2005 and Speaker of the House of Representatives Dennis Hastert visited Mongolia in August 2005. Agriculture Secretary Johanns led a presidential delegation in July 2006 in conjunction with Mongolia's celebration of its 800th anniversary. President Enkhbayar visited the White House in October 2007 and the two presidents signed the Millennium Challenge Compact for Mongolia.
In 2008, the IRS presented a discussion of US Federal income tax to Director General Zorig Luvsandash from the General Department of National Taxation of the Republic of Mongolia.
In August 2011, Joe Biden made the first visit to Mongolia by a sitting U.S. Vice President since Henry Wallace toured the region in 1944.
|}
East Asia
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|||1949-10-16 Bilateral trade reached US$1.13 billion by the first nine months of 2007, registering an increase of 90% from 2006. China offered to allow the use of its Tianjin port to give Mongolia and its goods access to trade with the Asia Pacific region. However, as of November 2006, Miyeegombyn Enkhbold, Mongolia's prime minister, officially denied the existence of such camps. One scholar estimated that 500 North Korean refugees enter Mongolia each month, along with some legal migrant labourers who come under an inter-governmental agreement to work in light industry and infrastructure projects.
|- valign="top"
|||1990-03-26 Mongolia established its embassy in Seoul in 1991. The relationship between the two countries has been defined by the Joint Mongolia-South Korean notice made during the visit of South Korean president Kim Dae-jung to Mongolia in 1990.
|}
South East Asia
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|||1960-11-30
- Cambodia is accredited to Mongolia through its embassy in Beijing, China.
|- valign="top"
|||1956-12-21
- For diplomatic affairs, the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Beijing, China, doubles as the Indonesian representative for Mongolia. Meanwhile, Mongolia has an embassy in Jakarta and honorary consulates in Jakarta and Surabaya.
|- valign="top"
|||1971-09-08
|- valign="top"
|||1970-06-11 4,804 Singaporeans visited Mongolia in 2017–2018.
- Around 250 Mongolians live in Singapore; 7,196 Mongolians visited Singapore in 2017–2018. Mongolia has an embassy in Vietnam. The countries signed a Friendship and Cooperation Treaty in 1961, renewed it in 1979, and signed a new one in 1995.
|}
South Asia
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|||1962-02-01
|- valign="top"
|||1955-12-24
- Armenia is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in Beijing, China.
|- valign="top"
|||1921-11-05 establishing a new basis of equality in the relationship. Mongolian President Bagabandi visited Moscow in 1999, and Russian President Vladimir Putin visited Mongolia in 2000
|- valign="top"
|||1967-07-31
|- valign="top"
|||1969-06-24
- There are around 134 Turks who live in Mongolia.
|- valign="top"
|||1992-01-25
|}
Europe
Mongolia seeks closer relations with countries in Europe and hopes to receive most-favoured-nation status from the European Union (EU). During 1991, Mongolia signed investment promotion and protection agreements with Germany and France and an economic cooperation agreement with the United Kingdom. Germany continued former East German cooperative programs and also provided loans and aid.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|||1989-08-01
|- valign="top"
|||1993-03-10
- Cyprus is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in Beijing, China.
- Mongolia is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria.
|- valign="top"
|||1993-01-01 However, in the 1990s, trade volumes declined sharply, though the Czech Republic still accounts for about 1% of Mongolia's imports. The Embassy of the Czech Republic in Ulaanbaatar was formally reopened in 1999. As of 2005, annual bilateral trade between the two countries was valued at US$5 million. The Czech government has also been involved in various water supply development programs in Mongolia.
|- valign="top"
|||1968-08-05
- Denmark has one general consulate in Ulaanbaatar.
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Date started-->||
- France has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar.
- Mongolia has an embassy in Paris.
|- valign="top"
|||1974-01-31
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Date started-->||
- Italy has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar.
- Mongolia has an embassy in Rome.
|- valign="top"
||| style="background:gray;"|none
|Mongolia does not recognize Kosovo as a country.
|- valign="top"
|||1972-03-06
- Romania has an honorary consulate in Ulaanbaatar, with diplomatic representation being handled by the Romanian embassy in Beijing, China.
- Mongolia has an honorary consulate in Bucharest, with diplomatic representation being handled by the Mongolian embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria.
- Chairman Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal visited Bucharest on 9 September 1957 and President Nicolae Ceaușescu visited Ulaanbaatar on 21–24 June 1971.
|- valign="top"
||| style="background:gray;"|none||
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Date started-->||
- Mongolia is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
- Spain is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing, China.
|- valign="top"
|||<!--Date started-->||
- Mongolia has an embassy in Stockholm.
- Sweden is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing, China.
|- valign="top"
|||1992-01-21
- Mongolia maintains an embassy in London.
- The United Kingdom is accredited to Monglia through its embassy in Ulaanbaatar.
Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Air Services Agreement, a Development Partnership, a Double Taxation Agreement, and an Investment Agreement.
|}
Oceania
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|||1972-09-15 Sükhbaataryn Batbold became the first head of government to visit Australia in 2011.
Australia opened its embassy in Ulaanbaatar in December 2015.
|}
International organisation participation
AsDB, ASEAN (observer), ASEM, CICA, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, SCO (observer)
Mongolia did not join the UN until 1961 because of repeated threats to veto by the Republic of China, which considered Mongolia to be part of its territory (see China and the United Nations).
Mongolia has been a member of The Forum of Small States (FOSS) since the group's founding in 1992.
See also
- List of diplomatic missions in Mongolia
- List of diplomatic missions of Mongolia
- Visa requirements for Mongolian citizens
References
External links
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Permanent Mission of Mongolia to the United Nations
- List of countries with established diplomatic relations