Foreign relations of Japan

{| class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="width:360px; border:1px black; float:right; margin-left:1em;"

|+ style="background:#f99;" colspan="2"|Results of 2017 BBC World Service poll Views of Japan's influence by country (sorted by pos − neg)

!Country polled !! Positive !! Negative !! Neutral !! Pos − Neg

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The are handled by Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Japan maintains diplomatic relations with every United Nations member nations except for North Korea, in addition to UN observer states Holy See, as well as Kosovo, Cook Islands, and Niue.

In 19th century, Japanese foreign relations had an earliest beginnings in 5th century and after their opening to the world in 1854 with the Convention of Kanagawa. Japan had rapidly modernized and built a strong military. In early 20th century, Japan was imperialistic seeking control of nearby areas—with major wars against China and Russia. It gained control parts of China including Manchuria, Korea, Taiwan, Okinawa, and as well as Southeast Asia and Pacific islands. Empire of Japan has lost in World War II to then-American President Harry S. Truman and allies, and was stripped of all of its foreign conquests and possessions. (See History of Japanese foreign relations). American General Douglas MacArthur, acting for Allied powers, supervised occupied Japan between 1945 and 1951. Since the occupation ended diplomatic policy, Japan has been based on close partnership with the United States of America after Truman left from office and seeking trade agreements. In the Cold War (1947–1991), Japan was demilitarized, but it allied with America, Mexico, Canada, Britain, Australia, New Zealand, and among other allied countries in the confrontation with the Soviet Union. It played a major support role in Korean War (1950–1953). In a rapid economic developments in between early 1960s and 1980s, Japan was one of the major greatest economic powers in the world.

Since the death of Emperor Hirohito in January 1989, by early 1990s, Japan became more active assertive, moving from a passive, reactive posture to one of greater international engagement, especially participated in peacekeeping operations by the United Nations, and sent troops to Cambodia, Mozambique, Golan Heights, and East Timor.

In the beginning of 21st century, in early 2001, Japan had focused on maintaining its core relationship with America, especially response to the war on terror, and participating in regional diplomacy, which included supporting stabilization efforts in Afghanistan. Despite the war on terror after 9/11 terror attacks hit America in September 2001, Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force also dispatched their troops to Southern Iraq for the restoration of basic infrastructures. Also, Japanese maritime naval vessels have been assigned to resupply duties in Indian Ocean to the present date.

Foreign policy

Beyond its immediate neighbors, Japan has pursued a more active foreign policy in recent years, recognizing the responsibility which accompanies its economic strength. Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda stressed a changing direction in a policy speech to the National Diet: "Japan aspires to become a hub of human resource development as well as for research and intellectual contribution to further promote cooperation in the field of peace-building." This follows the modest success of a Japanese-conceived peace plan which became the foundation for nationwide elections in Cambodia in 1998.

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Bilateral relations

Africa

Japan is increasingly active in Africa. In May 2008, the first Hideyo Noguchi Africa Prize will be awarded at Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV), which signals a changing emphasis in bilateral relations.

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"

!width="15%"| Country

!width="12%"| Formal relations began

!Notes

|--valign="top"

|||1962||See Algeria–Japan relations

|--valign="top"

|||September 1976||See Angola–Japan relations

Angola–Japan relations were established in September 1976, shortly after Angola received formal sovereignty. As of 2007, economic relations played "a fundamental role in the bilateral relations between the two governments". News World Centers

|--valign="top"

|||1922||See Egypt–Japan relations

Japan considers Egypt to be a key player in the Middle East and, as such, sees Egypt as a vital part of its diplomacy in the region. The two heads of government have been known to support each other on issues pertaining to the peace process in the Middle East.

Additionally, the two countries claim to share a common vision for world peace. The two countries maintain a "Joint Committee" dedicated to exploring developments in areas of mutual interest to the two countries.

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|||1963||See Japan–Kenya relations

Japan has an embassy in Nairobi.
Kenya has an embassy in Tokyo.

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|||1957||See Japan–Libya relations

Japan has an embassy in Tripoli.
Libya has an embassy in Tokyo.

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|||||See Foreign relations of Madagascar

Japan has an embassy in Antananarivo.
Madagascar has an embassy in Tokyo.

|-- valign="top"

|||January 1977||See Japan–Mozambique relations

Japan has an embassy in Maputo.
Mozambique has an embassy in Tokyo.

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|||||See Japan-Nigeria relations

Japan and Nigeria engage in strong economic and political cooperation. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960.

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|||July 1960||See Japan–Somalia relations

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|||1910||See Japan–South Africa relations

Japan has an embassy in Pretoria.
South Africa has an embassy in Tokyo.

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|||June 1956||See Foreign relations of Tunisia

Japan and Tunisia have a mutual free visa agreement.

Japan has an embassy in Cité Mahrajène, Tunis.
Tunisia has an embassy in Kudanminami, Chiyoda, Tokyo.

Americas

Japan has continued to extend significant support to development and technical assistance projects in Latin America.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"

! style="width:15%;"| Country

! style="width:12%;"| Formal relations began

!Notes

|- valign="top"

|||3 February 1898

|See Argentina–Japan relations

Argentina maintains an embassy in Tokyo and Japan maintains an embassy in Buenos Aires. Diplomatic relations were restored by the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty in 1952. Argentine president Arturo Frondizi visited Japan in 1960, and subsequently bilateral trade and Japanese investment into Argentina have increased in importance. Japanese imports were primarily foodstuffs and raw materials, while exports were mostly machinery and finished products.

Members of the Imperial Family of Japan have visited Argentina on a number of occasions, including Prince and Princess Takamado in 1991, Emperor and Empress Akihito in 1997 and Prince and Princess Akishino in 1998. Argentine President Raúl Alfonsín visited Japan in 1986, as did President Carlos Menem in 1990, 1993 and 1998.

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|||29 August 1967

Japan has an embassy in La Paz and a consular office in Santa Cruz de la Sierra.
There are around 15,000 Bolivians who are of Japanese descent. (See also Japanese Bolivians)

|- valign="top"

|||1895||See Brazil–Japan relations

Brazil has an embassy in Tokyo and consulates-general in Hamamatsu and Nagoya.
Japan has an embassy in Brasília and consulates-general in Belém, Curitiba, Manaus, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and consular offices in Recife and Porto Alegre.

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|||21 January 1928 and in that same year, Japan its Ottawa consulate to legation form.

Some Canadian–Japanese contacts predate the mutual establishment of permanent legations. The first known Japanese immigrant to Canada, Manzo Nagano, landed in New Westminster, British Columbia in 1877. Japan's consulate in Vancouver was established in 1889, 40 years before its embassy was opened in Ottawa in 1929.

Canadians G. G. Cochran helped in founding Doshisha University in Kyoto, and Davidson McDonald helped in establishing Aoyama Gakuin University in Tokyo.

Canadian military attaché Herbert Cyril Thacker served in the field with Japanese forces in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05), for which the Japanese government awarded him the Order of the Sacred Treasure, Third Class and the Japanese War medal for service during that campaign.

Canada and Japan have had diplomatic relations since 1928. Both countries are characterized by their active role in the Asia-Pacific community, as well as a relationship consisting of important economic, political, and socio-cultural ties. As major international donors, both Canada and Japan are strongly committed to promoting human rights, sustainable development and peace initiatives.

Canada–Japan relations are underpinned by their partnership in multilateral institutions: the G-7/8; the United Nations; the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Quad (Canada, the European Union, Japan and the United States), and by their common interest in the Pacific community, including participation in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC) and the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF).

Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko visited Canada in 2009.

|- valign="top"

|||||See Chile–Japan relations

Chile and Japan established diplomatic relations on 25 September 1897. During World War II, relations between both countries were severed. Chilean President Juan Antonio Ríos suspended relations with Japan on 20 January 1943 and in February 1945, he declared a "state of belligerancy". Finally, on 12 April 1945, Chile declared war against Japan. Relations were re-established on 7 October 1952 after the signing of San Francisco Peace Treaty.
Japan has an embassy in Santiago de Chile
Chile has an embassy and a consulate-general in Tokyo and three honorary consulates in Osaka, Sapporo and Nagasaki.

|- valign="top"

|||25 May 1908||See Colombia–Japan relations

The relationship was officially established in 1908, only interrupted between 1942 and 1954 with the surge of World War II. Relations are mostly based on commercial trade that has favored Japan interests such as Colombian coffee (which Japan imports a lot), cultural exchanges and technological and philanthropic aid to Colombia.

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|||||See Cuba–Japan relations

Cuba and Japan established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1929.

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||26 August 1918||See Ecuador–Japan relations

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|||30 November 1888 which overshadows Tokugawa Ieyasu's pre-Edo period initiatives which sought to establish official relations with the New Spain in Mexico.

In 1897, the 35 members of the so-called Enomoto Colonization Party settle in the Mexican state of Chiapas. This was the first organized emigration from Japan to Latin America.

In 1952, Mexico becomes the second country to ratify the San Francisco Peace Treaty, preceded only by the United Kingdom.

Japan has an embassy in Asunción.
Paraguay has an embassy in Tokyo.
There are around 10,000 Paraguayans who are of Japanese descent, whose ancestors came to Paraguay between 1936 and 1959. (See also Japanese Paraguayans)
Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Paraguay

|- valign="top"

|||21 August 1873||See Japan–Peru relations

Japan has an embassy in Lima.
Peru has an embassy in Tokyo and a consulate-general in Nagoya.

|- valign="top"

|||May 1964||See Japan–Trinidad and Tobago relations

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|||29 July 1858

After Japan's defeat in World War II, the Japanese-ruled Northern Mariana Islands came under control of the United States.

Although its constitution and government policy preclude an offensive military role for Japan in international affairs, Japanese cooperation with the United States through the 1960 U.S.–Japan Security Treaty has been important to the peace and stability of East Asia.

Uruguay has an embassy in Tokyo.
There are several thousand people of Japanese descent living in Uruguay. (See also Japanese Uruguayans)
Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Uruguay

|- valign="top"

|||19 August 1938||See Japan–Venezuela relations

Formal diplomatic relations between the countries were established in August 1938. Venezuela broke off diplomatic ties with Japan (and the other Axis powers) in December 1941, shortly after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

In 1999, Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez made a three-day trip to Japan. He made another two-day trip in 2009, during which he met Prime Minister Tarō Asō.

In February 2019, Japan recognized Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaido as Venezuelan legitimate president.

Asia

{| class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="width:360px; border:1px black; float:right; margin-left:1em;"

|+ style="background:#f99;" colspan="2"|Results of 2013 Pew Research Center poll Asia/Pacific views of Japan by country (sorted by fav − unfav)

!Country polled !! Positive !! Negative !! Neutral !! Pos − Neg

| ||||||6||-86

| ||||||1||-55

| ||||||42||44

| ||||||4||60

| ||||||6||62

| ||||||9||67

| ||||||14||74

|}</div>

Southeast Asia

thumb|Embassy of Indonesia in Japan

By 1990 Japan's interaction with the vast majority of Asia-Pacific countries, especially its burgeoning economic exchanges, was multifaceted and increasingly important to the recipient countries. The developing countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) regarded Japan as critical to their development. Japan's aid to the ASEAN countries totaled US$1.9 billion in Japanese fiscal year (FY) 1988 versus about US$333 million for the United States during U.S. FY 1988.

Prime Minister Toshiki Kaifu signaled a broadening of Japan's interest in South Asia with his swing through the region in April 1990.

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"

! scope="col" width="15%"| Country

! scope="col" width="12%"| Formal relations began

! scope="col"| Notes

|--valign="top"

|||19 November 1930||See Afghanistan–Japan relations

Afghan–Japanese relations have existed as far back as World War II, and have been mainly positive. The Japanese government in 1974 started feasibility study under grant aid to develop and built television in Afghanistan.

|- valign="top"

|||27 January 1992||See Azerbaijan–Japan relations

Azerbaijan has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Baku.

|- valign="top"

|||15 May 1974||See Bahrain–Japan relations

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|||February 1972 Japan is Bangladesh's 11th-largest export market; imports from Bangladesh make up 26% of all Japanese imports from the least developed countries, second only to those from Cambodia. Common imports from Bangladesh to Japan include leather goods, ready-made garments, and shrimp. By 2004, Japan had become Bangladesh's fourth-largest source of foreign direct investment, behind the United States, United Kingdom, and Malaysia. Japan's political goals in its relationship with Bangladesh include gaining support for their bid to join the United Nations Security Council, and securing markets for their finished goods. Japan is a significant source of development aid to Bangladesh.

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|||28 March 1986 Relations has been established since 2 April 1984.

In 2006, Japanese and Cambodian governments signed an agreement outlining a new Japanese aid program worth US$59 million.

The Japanese Government has provided significant assistance for demining and education.

|--valign="top"

|||1972]]

Throughout history, bilateral foreign relations between Japan and India have generally been friendly and strong. In December 2006, Prime Minister Singh's visit to Japan culminated in the signing of the "Joint Statement Towards Japan–India Strategic and Global Partnership".

According to Prime Minister Shinzō Abe's arc of freedom theory, it is in Japan's interests to develop closer ties with India, world's most populous democracy, while its relations with China remain chilly. To this end, Japan has funded many infrastructure projects in India, most notably in New Delhi's metro subway system and Maruti.India and Japan have signed a deal to build high speed trains in India

Indian applicants have been welcomed in 2006–07 to the JET Programme, starting with just one slot available in 2006 and 41 in 2007.

India and Japan signed a security cooperation agreement in which both will hold military exercises, police the Indian Ocean and conduct military-to-military exchanges on fighting terrorism, making India one of only three countries, the others being the United States and Australia, with which Japan has such a security pact.

Japan is aiding India in building the High Speed Railway by giving India money and there are plans to export Japan's Shinkansen to India.

Iran and Japan signed a visa-free travel arrangement in 1974, but it was terminated in April 1992 due to large-scale illegal Iranian migration to Japan. Iran and Japan also cooperate on regional foreign policy issues in the Middle East, such as the reconstruction of Afghanistan and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Since 2004, Japan has been working on developing Iran's largest on-shore oil field, located at Azadegan.

|- valign="top"

|||15 May 1952

|See Israel–Japan relations

The Japanese government refrained from appointing a Minister Plenipotentiary to Israel until 1955. Relations between the two states were distant at first, but after 1958, as demand no break occurred. This had been at the same time that OPEC had imposed an oil embargo against several countries, including Japan.

Recently ties between Israel and Japan have strengthened significantly, with many mutual investments between the two nations. Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe visited Israel twice – once in 2015 and a second time in 2018.

Israel has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Tel Aviv and an honorary consulate in Jerusalem.

|14 July 1954

|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 July 1954.

Japan is one of Jordan's biggest donors.

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|||5 March 1955

The embassy of Lebanon in Japan is located in Nagatachō, Chiyoda, Tokyo.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan: Japan–Lebanon Relations

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|||31 August 1957

Mongolia has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs- Mongolia
Mongolian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: list of bilateral treaties with Japan (in Mongolian)

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|||1 December 1954 Japan strongly supports the U.S. in its efforts to encourage North Korea to abide by the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and its agreements with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

Sri Lanka has an embassy in Tokyo

|- valign="top"

|||December 1953

|See Japan–Syria relations

Japan has an embassy in Damascus
Syria has an Embassy of Syria in Tokyo.

|--valign="top"

|||1952

Turkey has an embassy in Tokyo.
There are 10,000 Turks living in Japan.

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|||21 September 1973

Albania has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Tirana.

|- valign="top"

|||7 September 1992

|See Armenia–Japan relations

Armenia has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Yerevan.
Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Armenia

|- valign="top"

|||18 October 1869||See Austria–Japan relations

Austria has an embassy in Tokyo and 4 honorary consulates (in Hiroshima, Nagoya, Osaka and Sapporo).
Japan has an embassy in Vienna and an honorary consulate in Salzburg.

|- valign="top"

|||1 August 1866||See Belgium–Japan relations

Belgium has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Brussels.

|- valign="top"

|||1890s||See Bulgaria–Japan relations

Bulgaria has an embassy in Tokyo and an honorary consulate in Yokohama.
Japan has an embassy in Sofia.
Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Bulgaria

|- valign="top"

|||5 March 1992||See Croatia–Japan relations

Croatia has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Zagreb.

|- valign="top"

|||12 January 1920||See Czech Republic–Japan relations

The Czech Republic has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Prague.

|- valign="top"

|||1867||See Denmark–Japan relations

Denmark has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Copenhagen.

|- valign="top"

|||26 January 1921;10 October 1991||See Estonia–Japan relations

Estonia has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Tallinn.

|- valign="top"

|||1959||See Japan–European Union relations

|- valign="top"

|||6 September 1919||See Finland–Japan relations

Finland has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Helsinki.

|- valign="top"

|||9 October 1858||See France–Japan relations

The history of goes back to the early 17th century, when a Japanese samurai and ambassador on his way to Rome landed for a few days in Southern France, creating a sensation. France and Japan have enjoyed a very robust and progressive relationship spanning centuries through various contacts in each other's countries by senior representatives, strategic efforts, and cultural exchanges.

France has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Paris.

|- valign="top"

|||3 August 1992||See Georgia–Japan relations

Japan has extended foreign aid to Georgia for various economic and cultural development projects.
The balance of trade between the two nations is heavily in favor of Japan, with Japan exporting automobiles and manufactured goods, and Georgia exporting food products and chemicals.
Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze made an official visit to Japan in March 1999 and President Mikheil Saakashvili visited Japan in March 2007.
Since November 2006, Georgia has maintained an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Tbilisi.
Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relations with Georgia

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|||24 January 1861||See Germany–Japan relations

Regular meetings between the two countries have led to several cooperations. In 2004 German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder and Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi agreed upon cooperations in the assistance for reconstruction of Iraq and Afghanistan, the promotion of economic exchange activities, youth and sports exchanges as well as exchanges and cooperation in science, technology and academic fields.

Germany has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Berlin.

|- valign="top"

|||June 1899||See Greece–Japan relations

There has been a Greek embassy in Tokyo since 1960, and a Japanese embassy in Athens since the same year, when it was decided to upgrade the Japanese Consulate which had opened in 1956. Since then the two countries have enjoyed excellent relations in all fields, and cooperate closely.

Greece has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Athens.

|- valign="top"

|||March 1942||See Holy See–Japan relations

The first Papal visit to Japan took place in 1981. the present Apostolic Nuncio to Japan is Joseph Chennoth (since 2011) Japan first sent an ambassador, Ken Harada, to the Vatican during World War II.

|- valign="top"

|||1921||See Hungary–Japan relations

Hungary has an embassy in Tokyo and two honorary consulates (in Hamamatsu and Osaka).
Japan has an embassy in Budapest.
Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Hungary

|- valign="top"

|||8 December 1956||See Iceland–Japan relations

Iceland has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Reykjavík.

|- valign="top"

|||March 1957||See Ireland–Japan relations

Ireland has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Dublin.

|- valign="top"

|||25 August 1866||See Italy–Japan relations

Italy has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Rome and a consulate-general in Milan.
Foreign Affairs Ministers of both nation held informal talks on the margins of the G7 Foreign Ministers’ meeting in Tokyo in early November 2023.

|- valign="top"

|||25 February 2009||See Japan–Kosovo relations

Japan recognised it on 18 March 2008. The first Ambassador of Japan to the Republic of Kosovo is Akio Tanaka. He is subordinate to the Japanese Embassy in Vienna, Austria.

|- valign="top"

|||10 October 1991||See Japan–Latvia relations

Latvia has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Riga.

|June 1996

|See Japan–Liechtenstein relations

Japan has an honorary consulate in Schaan.
The two countries signed a tax treaty in 2012.

|- valign="top"

|||1919;10 October 1991||See Japan–Lithuania relations

Japan has an embassy in Vilnius, established in 1997.
In 1998, Lithuania has an embassy in Tokyo.
Ambassador to Lithuania is Miyoko Akashi, ambassador to Japan is Dainius Kamaitis.
In 2007 the Emperor and Empress of Japan Akihito and Michiko paid an official visit in Lithuania.

|- valign="top"

|||||See Japan–Luxembourg relations

Luxembourg has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Luxembourg City.

|- valign="top"

|||||See Japan–Malta relations

Malta has a consulate in Tokyo.
Japan has a consulate in Valletta.

|- valign="top"

|||16 March 1992||

Japan has a non-resident ambassador in Ukraine.
Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Moldova, Nicolae Tăbăcaru paid a visit to Japan from 31 January to 4 February 1999. It was a first official visit of a Cabinet Member of the Republic of Moldova to Japan. The visit has strengthened the friendly relations between Japan and the Republic of Moldova.
Since 2000 Japan implements in Moldova the grant programme for the improvement of agriculture and private farming.
Japanese ministry of foreign affairs about Moldova

|- valign="top"

|||24 July 2006 ||See Japan–Montenegro relations

Japan recognised Montenegro on 16 June 2006 and established diplomatic relations on 24 July 2006. Montenegro had declared war on Japan in 1905 during the Russo-Japanese War and never signed a peace treaty until 2006, shortly before the opening of diplomatic relations. The war lasted for 101 years. Trade, mostly related to electronics, exports from Japan to Montenegro (163 million yen per annum) outweigh Japan's imports (2 million yen per annum).

Japan is accredited to Montenegro from its embassy in Belgrade, Serbia.
Montenegro is accredited to Japan from its embassy in Beijing, China.

|- valign="top"

|||1609||See Japan–Netherlands relations

The relations between Japan and the Netherlands after 1945 have been a triangular relationship. The invasion and Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies during World War II brought about the destruction of the colonial state in Indonesia, as the Japanese removed as much of the Dutch government as they could, weakening the post-war grip the Netherlands had over the territory. Under pressure from the United States, the Netherlands recognised Indonesian sovereignty in 1949 (see United States of Indonesia).

Japan has an embassy in The Hague.
Netherlands has an embassy in Tokyo.

|- valign="top"

|||1905–11||See Japan–Norway relations

Japan has an embassy in Oslo.
Norway has an embassy in Tokyo.

|- valign="top"

||| March 1919||See Japan–Poland relations

Japan has an embassy in Warsaw.
Poland has an embassy in Tokyo

|- valign="top"

|||3 August 1860||See Japan–Portugal relations

Japan has an embassy in Lisbon.
Portugal has an embassy in Tokyo.

|- valign="top"

||| 18 June 1902||See Foreign relations of Romania#Asia: East Asia

The first representation of Romania in Japan was opened in 1921.
Japan was represented in Romania through its embassy in Vienna (Austria).
After World War II, both states resumed their diplomatic relations in 1959.
Japan has an embassy in Bucharest.
Romania has an embassy in Tokyo and four honorary consulates (in Atami, Osaka, Nagoya and Yokohama).
Japanese Ministry of Foreign affairs about relations with Romania

|- valign="top"

|||7 February 1855||See Japan–Russia relations

Japan's relations with Russia are hampered by the two sides' inability to resolve their territorial dispute over the four islands that make up the Northern Territories (Kuriles), which the Soviet Union seized towards the end of World War II.

|- valign="top"

||| reestablished in 1952||See Japan–Serbia relations

Japan has an embassy in Belgrade.
Serbia has an embassy in Tokyo and an honorary consulate in Osaka.

|- valign="top"

|||12 October 1992

Japan has an embassy in Ljubljana.
Slovenia has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Slovenia

|- valign="top"

|||First contact in 1584, officialized in 1868. Relations were broken on 11 April 1945 and reestablished in 1952

|See Japan–Spain relations

Japan has an embassy in Madrid and consulates in Barcelona and Las Palmas.
Spain has an embassy in Tokyo.
Since 1997, every year a Japan–Spain Symposium for the cultural exchange between the two countries is held.
Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Spain

|- valign="top"

|||1868

Switzerland has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Switzerland
Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Japan

|--valign="top"

|||26 January 1992||See Japan–Ukraine relations

Japan extended diplomatic recognition to the Ukrainian state on 28 December 1991, immediately after the breakup of the Soviet Union
Ukraine maintains an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan maintains an embassy in Kyiv.

|- valign="top"

|||26 August 1858||See Japan–United Kingdom relations

thumb|right|[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom| British Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba at a G20 summit in Rio de Janeiro, November 2024.]]

Japan established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom in 26 August 1858.

The United Kingdom is accredited to Japan through its embassy in Tokyo.

Both countries share common membership of CPTPP, the G7, the G20, the International Criminal Court, OECD, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, a Double Taxation Convention, and a Reciprocal Access Agreement.

Oceania

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"

! style="width:15%;"| Country

! style="width:12%;"| Formal relations began

!Notes

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|||1947 New Zealand Parliament sends condolences to the people of Japan, and the government donated $2 million to the Japanese Red Cross Society to support relief efforts.

New Zealand has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Wellington and two consulates-general in Auckland and Christchurch.

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|||2 November 1994 Japan is Tonga's leading donor in the field of technical aid. South Korea's assertions concerning Liancourt Rocks (Japanese: "Takeshima", Korean: "Dokdo") are acknowledged, but not accepted by Japan. Japan has strained relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (Taiwan) over the Senkaku Islands; and with the People's Republic of China over the status of Okinotorishima.

References

External links

Various articles and discussion papers on Japan's foreign relations in the electronic journal of contemporary Japanese studies
Rwanda: Kagame Addresses Japanese Senate
from the

Foreign policy

Bilateral relations

Africa

Americas

Asia

Southeast Asia

Oceania

See also

References

Further reading

External links