First Balkenende cabinet

The first Balkenende cabinet was the executive branch of the Netherlands government from 22 July 2002 until 27 May 2003. The cabinet was formed by the Christian-democratic Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), the nationalistic Pim Fortuyn List (LPF) and the conservative-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) after the election of 2002. The cabinet was a right-wing coalition and had a substantial majority in the House of Representatives with Christian Democratic Leader Jan Peter Balkenende serving as Prime Minister. Prominent economist Eduard Bomhoff served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport, while prominent Liberal politician Johan Remkes served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations.

The cabinet served during the early unstable 2000s. Domestically, it had to deal with the fallout of the assassination of Pim Fortuyn, and internationally, with the start of the war on terror. The cabinet suffered several major internal conflicts including multiple cabinet resignations. The internal conflicts between the cabinet members of the Pim Fortuyn List led to the fall of the cabinet just 87 days into its term on 16 October 2002 and it continued in a demissionary capacity until it was replaced following the election of 2003.

Formation

thumb|left|Composition of the cabinet in relation to the rest of the legislature

On 17 May 2002 Queen Beatrix appointed Member of the Council of State Piet Hein Donner (CDA) as "informateur", to investigate the possibilities for a new government. A coalition between CDA, LPF and VVD was established relatively quickly, despite some initial resistance by the VVD. By 4 July a detailed coalition agreement had been drawn up and the Queen appointed Jan Peter Balkenende, the lijsttrekker for the CDA, as formateur to form a new cabinet. The cabinet was named on 16 July and was sworn in on 22 July. The first Balkenende cabinet comprised 14 ministers and 14 State Secretaries, with each post allocated to one of the coalition parties. Each of the ministers headed a department, with the exception of one "minister without a portfolio" to deal with "foreigners policy and integration", accommodated by the Ministry of Justice.

Term

Incidents and scandals

The first Balkenende cabinet was very unstable from the beginning. Elections had been held in the very recent aftermath of the assassination of Pim Fortuyn, the leader of the newly established Pim Fortuyn List. Emotions in the Netherlands had run very high. The LPF was catapulted into enormous wins, but was unprepared for cabinet participation.

Only three of the 27 cabinet members had previous experience in government, leading to speculation that it wouldn't last long. As it turned out, personality conflicts and the general inexperience of LPF cabinet members led to the rapid implosion of the cabinet after a little more than two months.

Resignation of State Secretary Bijlhout

The first scandal in the new government came only nine hours after it took office. Philomena Bijlhout, the State Secretary for Social Affairs and Employment and a member of the LPF, resigned after RTL 4 reported that she had been a member of a militia of Surinamese military dictator Dési Bouterse in 1982 and 1983. This was during the period when the militia had committed the political murders known as the "December Murders". Bijlhout, who was born in Suriname, had never denied being part of the militia, but claimed she'd left prior to the December Murders.

Power struggles within the LPF and resignation of the cabinet

In the months following the election, the LPF was beset by power struggles between various factions. A big incident was when Immigration and Integration Minister Hilbrand Nawijn declared to be in favour of the death penalty. The cabinet was officially opposed to the death penalty. Nawijn responded that he made his remark as leader of the LPF. The party in its turn declared that it was opposed to the death penalty. Nawijn was highly criticised when he declared that it was a personal remark, because it was normal that a minister in a coalition cabinet could make remarks as a party member outside his ministerial responsibility.

In September and October Herman Heinsbroek speculated in public about leading a new party and resigning from the government. This led to tension between him and his supporter Steven van Eyck and Bomhoff. VVD-leader Zalm tried to convince the LPF ministers to replace both Bomhoff and Heinsbroek but his real aim was to use these resignations to call for new elections and to repair the huge losses of his VVD party in the election after the murder of Fortuyn. Disregarding Bomhoff's warnings, the other LPF ministers took the bait and told Bomhoff and Heinsbroek to resign, which they did on 16 October. Immediately, Zalm broke his commitment to the remaining LPF ministers to accept replacements for Bomhoff and Heinsbroek and called for fresh elections. Meetings with the Queen did not take place until the week after the resignation, since she had travelled to Italy immediately after the funeral. On 21 October she accepted the resignation and new elections were called for 22 January 2003. The cabinet remained in place as a demissionary cabinet, without Bomhoff and Heinsbroek, until the elections and formation of the second Balkenende cabinet.

On 12 December 2002 Benk Korthals resigned as caretaker Minister of Defence after a commission of inquiry into building industry fraud accused him of giving false information to the Lower House during the previous cabinet. After resigning he said he still denied the allegations.

After the ensuing new elections, the LPF lost two-thirds of its seats in the House of Representatives. The party was never a significant force in Dutch politics again, and dissolved in 2008.

The term of 87 days (counting the first and last days in full and excluding its "caretaker" function that continued for months afterwards) was the shortest since the fifth cabinet of Hendrikus Colijn (25 July 1939 – 10 August 1939).

Actions

Revoking a planned ban on mink farming initiated by the previous cabinet.
Approval of an expansion of the European Union.
Support for the United States in its plan to invade Iraq.
Cuts to Ad Melkert's subsidised jobs scheme, the Melkertbanen.
Removal of price controls on certain popular medical interventions (knee and hip operations, cataract operations) in an effort to reduce waiting lists.
Reorganisation of defence, including budget cuts and the termination of 4800 jobs.
Reduction of spending on public transport by 39 million euros.
Cuts to the budgets of most government departments, countered by increased spending in health and some other areas.

Cabinet members

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! colspan=3 | Ministers

! colspan=3 | Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s)

! Term of office

! Party

| style="background:;"|

| 120px|Jan Peter Balkenende

| Dr. Jan Peter Balkenende (born 1956)

| Prime Minister

| General Affairs

| 22 July 2002 – 14 October 2010

| Christian Democratic Appeal

| rowspan=2 style="background:;"|

| rowspan=2 | 120px|Johan Remkes

| rowspan=2 | Johan Remkes (born 1951)

| Deputy Prime Minister

| rowspan=2 | Interior and Kingdom Relations

| rowspan=2 |

| 22 July 2002 – 27 May 2003

| rowspan=2 | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

| Minister

| 22 July 2002 – 22 February 2007

| rowspan=2 style="background:;"|

| rowspan=2 | 120px|Eduard Bomhoff

| rowspan=2 | Dr. Eduard Bomhoff (born 1944)

| Minister

| rowspan=2 | Health, Welfare and Sport

| rowspan=2 |

| rowspan=2 | 22 July 2002 – 16 October 2002

| rowspan=2 | Pim Fortuyn List

| rowspan=2 | Deputy Prime Minister

| rowspan=2 style="background:;"|

| rowspan=2 | 120px|Roelf de Boer

| rowspan=2 | Roelf de Boer (born 1949)

| rowspan=2 | Transport and Water Management

| rowspan=2 |

| 18 October 2002 – 27 May 2003

| rowspan=2 | Pim Fortuyn List

| Minister

| 22 July 2002 – 27 May 2003

| style="background:;"|

| 120px|Jaap de Hoop Scheffer

| Jaap de Hoop Scheffer (born 1948)

| Minister

| Foreign Affairs

| 22 July 2002 – 3 December 2003

| Christian Democratic Appeal

| rowspan=2 style="background:;"|

| rowspan=2 | 120px|Hans Hoogervorsts

| rowspan=2 | Hans Hoogervorst (born 1956)

| Minister

| Finance

| 22 July 2002 – 27 May 2003

| rowspan=2 | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

| Minister

| Economic Affairs

| 16 October 2002 – 27 May 2003

| style="background:;"|

| 120px|Piet Hein Donner

| Piet Hein Donner (born 1948)

| Minister

| Justice

| 22 July 2002 – 21 September 2006

| Christian Democratic Appeal

| style="background:;"|

| 120px|Herman Heinsbroek

| Herman Heinsbroek (born 1951)

| Minister

| Economic Affairs

| 22 July 2002 – 16 October 2002

| Pim Fortuyn List

| style="background:;"|

| 120px|Benk Korthals

| Benk Korthals (born 1944)

| rowspan=2 | Minister

| rowspan=2 | Defence

| rowspan=2 |

| 22 July 2002 – 12 December 2002

| People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

| rowspan=2 style="background:;"|

| rowspan=2 | 120px|Henk Kamp

| rowspan=2 | Henk Kamp (born 1952)

| 12 December 2002 – 22 February 2007

| rowspan=2 | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

| Minister

| Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment

| 22 July 2002 – 27 May 2003

| rowspan=2 style="background:;"|

| rowspan=2 | 120px|Aart Jan de Geus

| rowspan=2 | Aart Jan de Geus (born 1955)

| Minister

| Health, Welfare and Sport

| 16 October 2002 – 27 May 2003

| rowspan=2 | Christian Democratic Appeal

| Minister

| Social Affairs and Employment

| 22 July 2002 – 22 February 2007

| style="background:;"|

| 120px|Maria van der Hoeven

| Maria van der Hoeven (born 1949)

| Minister

| Education, Culture and Science

| 22 July 2002 – 22 February 2007

| Christian Democratic Appeal

| style="background:;"|

| 120px|Cees Veerman

| Dr. Cees Veerman (born 1949)

| Minister

| Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries

| 22 July 2002 – 1 July 2003

| Christian Democratic Appeal

! colspan=3 | Minister without portfolio

! colspan=3 | Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s)

! Term of office

! Party

| style="background:;"|

| 120px|Hilbrand Nawijn

| Hilbrand Nawijn (born 1948)

| Minister

| Justice

| • Immigration and Asylum • Integration • Minorities

| 22 July 2002 – 27 May 2003

| Pim Fortuyn List

! colspan=3 | State Secretaries

! colspan=3 | Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s)

! Term of office

! Party

| style="background:;"|

| 120px

| Rob Hessing (born 1942)

| State Secretary

| Interior and Kingdom Relations

| • Public Security • Emergency Services • Emergency Management

| 22 July 2002 – 27 May 2003

| Pim Fortuyn List

| style="background:;"|

| 120px|Agnes van Ardenne

| Agnes van Ardenne (born 1950)

| rowspan=2 | State Secretary

| rowspan=2 | Foreign Affairs

| • Development Cooperation

| 22 July 2002 – 27 May 2003

| Christian Democratic Appeal

| style="background:;"|

| 120px|Atzo Nicolaï

| Atzo Nicolaï (1960–2020)

| • European Union • Benelux

| 22 July 2002 – 7 July 2006

| People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

| style="background:;"|

| 120px|Steven van Eijck

| Steven van Eijck (born 1959)

| State Secretary

| Finance

| • Fiscal Policy • Tax and Customs • Governmental Budget

| 22 July 2002 – 27 May 2003

| Pim Fortuyn List

| style="background:;"|

| 120px|Joop Wijn

| Joop Wijn (born 1969)

| State Secretary

| Economic Affairs

| • Trade and Export • Consumer Protection • Telecommunication • Postal Service • Tourism

| 22 July 2002 – 27 May 2003

| Christian Democratic Appeal

| style="background:;"|

| 120px|Cees van der Knaap

| Cees van der Knaap (born 1951)

| State Secretary

| Defence

| • Human Resources • Equipment

| 22 July 2002 – 18 December 2007

| Christian Democratic Appeal

| style="background:;"|

| 120px

| Clémence Ross- van Dorp (born 1957)

| State Secretary

| Health, Welfare and Sport

| • Elderly Care • Youth Care • Disability Policy • Medical Ethics • Sport

| 22 July 2002 – 22 February 2007

| Christian Democratic Appeal

| style="background:;"|

| 120px|Mark Rutte

| Mark Rutte (born 1967)

| rowspan=3 | State Secretary

| rowspan=3 | Social Affairs and Employment

| • Social Security • Unemployment • Occupational Safety • Social Services

| 22 July 2002 – 17 June 2004

| People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

| style="background:;"|

| 120px|Philomena Bijlhout

| Philomena Bijlhout (born 1957)

| rowspan=2 | • Family policy • Equality • Emancipation

| 22 July 2002 – 24 July 2002

| Pim Fortuyn List

| style="background:;"|

| Khee Liang Phoa (born 1955)

| 9 September 2002 – 27 May 2003

| Pim Fortuyn List

| style="background:;"|

| 120px|Annette Nijs

| Annette Nijs (born 1961)

| rowspan=2 | State Secretary

| rowspan=2 | Education, Culture and Science

| • Higher Education • Adult Education • Science Policy

| 22 July 2002 – 9 June 2004

| People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

| style="background:;"|

| 120px

| Cees van Leeuwen (born 1951)

| • Media • Culture • Art

| 22 July 2002 – 27 May 2003

| Pim Fortuyn List

| style="background:;"|

| 120px|Melanie Schultz van Haegen

| Melanie Schultz van Haegen (born 1970)

| State Secretary

| Transport and Water Management

| • Public Infrastructure • Public Transport • Aviation • Rail Transport • Water Management • Weather Forecasting

| 22 July 2002 – 22 February 2007

| People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

| style="background:;"|

| Jan Odink (1944–2018)

| State Secretary

| Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries

| • Fisheries • Forestry • Animal Welfare

| 22 July 2002 – 27 May 2003

| Pim Fortuyn List

| style="background:;"|

| 120px|Pieter van Geel

| Pieter van Geel (born 1951)

| State Secretary

| Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment

| • Environmental Policy

| 22 July 2002 – 22 February 2007

| Christian Democratic Appeal

References

External links

Kabinet-Balkenende I Parlement & Politiek
Kabinet Balkenende I Rijksoverheid