Filippino Lippi

right|thumb|280px|[[Apparition of The Virgin to St Bernard (Filippino Lippi)|Apparition of The Virgin to St. Bernard (1485–1487)]]

thumb|280px|right|Allegory of Music (c. 1500), tempera on panel, 61 × 51 cm. Gemaldegalerie, Berlin, Germany

Filippino Lippi (probably 1457 – 18 April 1504) was an Italian Renaissance painter mostly working in Florence, Italy during the later years of the Early Renaissance and first few years of the High Renaissance. He also worked in Rome for a period from 1488, and later in the Milan area and Bologna.

He worked in oils, tempera and fresco, mostly painting religious subjects, with a few portraits and secular allegories or scenes from classical mythology.

Biography

Filippino Lippi was born, probably in 1457, at Prato, Tuscany, the illegitimate son to Lucrezia Buti and the painter Fra Filippo Lippi. The couple had both broken vows of celibacy, and though after Filippino's birth they received a papal dispensation to marry (arranged by Lorenzo di Medici), Vasari says that they never did. Filippino's sister Alessandra was born in 1465.

Filippino first trained under his father in his workshop. They moved to Spoleto, where Filippino served as workshop assistant during the construction of Spoleto Cathedral. When his father died in 1469, Filippino was aged twelve and was among the assistants to his father who completed the frescoes with Storie della Vergine ("Life of the Virgin") in the cathedral.

Filippino later completed his apprenticeship in the workshop of Botticelli, who had been a pupil of Filippino's father. In the 1472 records of the Painters' guild it is noted that Botticelli had only Filippino Lippi as an assistant, and that he was living in his master's house. The two artists often worked together on the same project. The shared works include the panels belonging to a later dismantled pair of cassoni, the panels being now divided among the Louvre, the National Gallery of Canada, the Musée Condé in Chantilly, and the Galleria Pallavicini in Rome. Works by Botticelli and Filippino from these years include many paintings of the Madonna and Child which are often difficult to distinguish from one another.

thumb|280px|Mystic Wedding of St Catherine (1501) [[Basilica of San Domenico, Bologna, Italy]]

Filippino's early solo works greatly resemble those of Botticelli, but perhaps with less sensitivity and subtlety. The first ones (dating from 1475 onward) were attributed to an anonymous "Amico di Sandro" (i.e. "Friend of Botticelli"), a term introduced by Bernard Berenson in 1899, though by 30 years later Berenson's "lists" ascribed most of them to Lippi. Eventually Lippi's style evolved, becoming more personal and effective during the period 1480–1485. Works of this early period include: the Madonnas of Berlin, London, and Washington, D.C., the Journeys of Tobia of the Galleria Sabauda, Turin, the Madonna of the Sea of the Galleria dell'Accademia, Florence, and the Histories of Ester.

Together with Perugino (another pupil of his father), Ghirlandaio, and Botticelli, Filippino Lippi worked on the decoration of Lorenzo de' Medici's villa at Spedaletto. On 31 December 1482, he was commissioned to decorate a wall of the Sala dell'Udienza of the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, a work never begun.

Soon after, probably in 1483–84, he was called to complete Masaccio's decoration of the Brancacci Chapel in the Santa Maria del Carmine di Firenze, that had been left unfinished when the artist died in 1428. There Filippino painted Stories of Saint Peter, in the following frescoes: Quarrel with Simon Magus in face of Nero, Resurrection of the Son of Teophilus, Saint Peter Jailed, Liberation, and Crucifixion of Saint Peter. Filippino's self-portrait at age twenty-five is at the right hand portion of the central panel, Disputation with Simon Magus and Crucifixion of St. Peter (see detail at info box).

Filippino Lippi's work on the Sala degli Otto di Pratica, in the Palazzo Vecchio, was completed on 20 February 1486. It is now in the Uffizi Gallery. At about this time, Piero di Francesco del Pugliese asked him to paint the altarpiece with the Apparition of the Virgin to St. Bernard, which is now in the Badia Fiorentina, Florence. This is Filippino Lippi's most popular painting: a composition of unreal items, with its very particular elongated figures, backed by a phantasmagorical scenario of rocks and almost anthropomorphic trunks. The work is dated to 1485–1487.

Major works

Madonna with Child, St. Anthony of Padua and a Friar (before 1480)—Tempera on panel, 57 × 41.5 cm, Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest
The Coronation of the Virgin (c. 1480)—Tempera on panel, 90.2 × 223 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
Tobias and the Angel (c. 1480)—Tempera on panel, 33 × 23 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
Three Angels with Young Tobias (1485)—Oil on panel, 100 × 127 cm, Galleria Sabauda, Turin
Portrait of an Old Man (1485)—Detached fresco, 47 × 38 cm, Uffizi, Florence
Self-portrait—Detached fresco on flat tile, 50 × 31 cm, Uffizi, Florence
Portrait of a Youth (c. 1485)—Panel, 51 × 35.5 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
Signoria Altarpiece (Pala degli Otto) (1486)—Tempera on panel, 355 × 255 cm, Uffizi, Florence
Apparition of the Virgin to St. Bernard (1486)—Oil on panel, 210 × 195 cm, Church of Badia, Florence
Annunciation with St. Thomas and Cardinal Carafa (1488–1493)—Fresco, Santa Maria sopra Minerva, Rome
Madonna with Child and Saints (c. 1488)—Oil on panel, Santo Spirito, Florence
St. Jerome (1490s)—Oil on panel, 136 × 71 cm, Uffizi, Florence
Apparition of Christ to the Virgin ()—Oil on panel, 156.1 × 146.7 cm, Alte Pinakothek, Munich
Adoration of the Magi (1496)—Oil on panel, Uffizi, Florence
Madonna and Child with Saints (1498)—Fresco, 239 × 141 × 71 cm, Museo Civico, Prato
Allegory (c. 1498)—Oil on panel, 29 × 22 cm, Uffizi, Florence
Allegory of Music (Erato) (c. 1500)—Tempera on panel, 61 × 51 cm, Staatliche Museen, Berlin
Crucifixion, c. 1501— tempera on panel, 31.2 × 23.4 cm, Museo Civico, Prato
Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine (c. 1501–1503)—Panel, Basilica di San Domenico, Bologna
Madonna and Child, St. Stefan and St. John the Baptist (1502–1503)—Tempera on panel, 132 × 118 cm, Museo Civico, Prato
Deposition (1504, finished by Perugino in 1507)—Oil on panel, 333 × 218 cm, Galleria dell'Accademia, Florence

School works

Following works are permitted to be cited as Filippino's school works.

the Madonna, Child and St. John—tondo, Keglevich collection, Budapest,
Cenacolo di S. Apollonia—Florence
the Virgin giving her girdle to St. Thomas—Florence