Fatima bint Asad ( ' 555–626 CE) was the wife of Abu Talib and the mother of their son Ali ibn Abi Talib.
Fatima bint Asad and her husband, Abu Talib, acted as the Prophet's adopted parents for fifteen years, after Muhammad had lost his mother when he was six (his father had died before he was born). Years later, Muhammad repaid the love he had received from Fatima bint Asad by adopting Ali, Fatima's youngest child, as his son.
Giving birth to Ali is recorded as a miraculous event in the life of Fatima bint Asad by both Shias and Sunnis. According to some traditions, the Kaaba's wall split open in order for Fatima to go in the house and give birth to her son, Ali.
After Muhammad's wife, Khadija bint Khuwaylid, Fatima bint Asad was the second woman who entered the fold of Islam. Ali ibn Abi Talib was given the name of Haydar, meaning lion, by his mother.
Ancestry
Fatima bint Asad was the wife of Abu Talib, who was Muhammad's uncle. She was the daughter of Asad ibn Hashim and Fatima bint Qays, hence a member of the Hashim clan of the Quraysh.
The maternal grandfather of Muhammad's wife Khadija bint Khuwaylid, Za'ida ibn al-Asamm ibn Rawaha, was the cousin of Fatima's mother.
Biography
Raising Muhammad
Muhammad's father, Abdullah, died before he was born. Then at the age of six, he was orphaned by the death of his mother. After that, his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, took care of Muhammad for two years before he too died when Muhammad was eight. Then in the year 578 Muhammad was adopted by Fatima bint Asad and Abu Talib as their son.
It is said that Fatima loved Muhammad more than her own children. In his later years, Muhammad used to say of her that she would have let her own children go hungry rather than him.
Years later, Muhammad got the opportunity to pay back the love he had received from the family, as he and his wife, Khadija, adopted Ali as their son to help Abu Talib get through the famine affecting Mecca. Moreover, it is said that Muhammad named his own daughter Fatima after Fatima bint Asad, although Khadija's mother was also called Fatima.
Giving birth to Ali
Ali was her youngest child, who was born in the year 600. A wall of the Kaaba then slivered open from a corner and Fatima went inside and delivered her child in the house of God. After three days, according to both Shia and Sunni accounts, she walked out of the Kaaba, with the child in her arms. Fatima named the child, Haydar, which means Lion in Arabic.
Following Abu Talib's death in 620, Muhammad would regularly visit her home and take his afternoon rest there. They had seven children:
- Talib.
- Fakhitah (aka "Hind" & "Umm Hani").
- Aqil.
- Jumanah.
- Ja'far.
- Rayta (aka "Asmā'" & "Umm Ṭālib").
- Ali, who was the husband of Muhammad's daughter Fatima.