The Tank, Heavy Assault, A33 (Excelsior) was a British experimental heavy tank based on the Cromwell (A27) design developed in the Second World War. It was developed when there were concerns as to performance of the Churchill tank.
Development
After the Dieppe Raid in August 1942, there was concern that the Churchill infantry tank was slow and too unreliable and it was suggested that production of the Churchill stop in 1943 in order to manufacture more of the A27 (Cromwell) design, which was performing well in trials. While two lines of tanks were still policy, there was interest in a "universal tank chassis" from which infantry tanks, cruiser tanks, and other vehicles could be built. Until then an interim design based on the A27 to replace the Churchill as an infantry tank was considered.
Rolls-Royce proposed an up-armoured A27M (Cromwell): A31 was a Cromwell with more armour and A32 was a more thorough redesign of the A27 with stronger suspension and armour equivalent to the Churchill. English Electric, contracted to build Cromwells, proposed using the A27 hull and turret with extra armour and the track and suspension of the 50-ton US M6 Heavy Tank which had been developed for both US and British use.
Survivors
The second pilot vehicle is in the collection of The Tank Museum in Bovington, UK.
See also
- A38 Valiant – a heavily armoured lightweight assault tank
- Comet – a fast cruiser tank also developed from the Cromwell
Tanks of comparable role, performance, and era
- British Churchill – heavy tank, entered service in 1941
- American-British T14 – another prototype heavy assault tank with similar specifications to Excelsior
- American M6 – heavy tank, saw trials but never entered service
- Soviet KV-1 – heavy tank, entered service in 1939
Notes
References
Bibliography
- White BT, British Tanks 1915-1945 Ian Allan pp. 68–69
- Chamberlain, P and Ellis, C British and American Tanks of World War II 1981 Arco publishing