The Eurovision Song Contest 1979 was the 24th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, held on 31 March 1979 at the Menachem Ussishkin auditorium of the International Convention Centre in Jerusalem, Israel, and presented by Daniel Pe'er and Yardena Arazi. It was organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster the Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA), who staged the event after winning the for with the song "A-Ba-Ni-Bi" by Izhar Cohen and the Alphabeta. This was the first time that the Eurovision Song Contest was held outside Europe.
Broadcasters from nineteen countries participated in the contest, with deciding not to participate after Arab countries had pressured it into not participating in a contest held in Israel. , which had missed the 1977 and 1978 contests, also did not take part in or broadcast the contest this year for political reasons, despite an earlier public poll in which almost 100,000 people supported a Yugoslav return to the contest.
The winner was , with the song "Hallelujah", composed by Kobi Oshrat, written by Shimrit Orr, and performed by the group Milk and Honey featuring Gali Atari. It was the second victory for Israel and the third time any country had won the contest two consecutive time; did so in 1969 (in a four-way tie) and did so in 1973.
, , and rounded out the top five.
Location
200px|thumb|left|International Convention Center, Jerusalem – host venue of the 1979 contest.
The 1979 contest took place in Jerusalem, Israel, following the win of Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA) at the with the song "A-Ba-Ni-Bi" performed by Izhar Cohen and Alphabeta. IBA staged the contest at the Menachem Ussishkin auditorium of the International Convention Centre, also called . The venue, inside the largest convention center in the Middle East, seats an audience of 3,104 and traditionally hosts other musical events.
Participants
Initially, (TRT) intended to participate in the contest. would have appeared 11th on stage (between Israel and France), represented by the song "" performed by Maria Rita Epik and 21. Peron. However TRT later ended up withdrawing from the contest following pressure from Arab states, who objected to a predominantly Muslim country taking part in a contest held in Israel.
Several of the performing artists had previously competed as lead artists representing the same country in past editions: Peter, Sue and Marc had represented and ; Xandra had represented the along with Andres Holten and as Sandra Reemer; and Anita Skorgan had represented . In addition, Anne-Marie David representing France, had won the contest for .
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sticky-header"
|-
|+ Eurovision Song Contest 1979 participants
| Dschinghis Khan
| ""
| German
|
| Norbert Daum
|-
! scope="row" |
| ERT
| Elpida
| "" <small>()</small>
| Greek
|
| Lefteris Halkiadakis
|-
! scope="row" |
| RTÉ
| Cathal Dunne
| "Happy Man"
| English
| Cathal Dunne
| Proinnsías Ó Duinn
|-
! scope="row" |
| IBA
| Milk and Honey
| "Hallelujah" <small>()</small>
| Hebrew
|
| Kobi Oshrat
|-
! scope="row" |
| RAI
| Matia Bazar
| ""
| Italian
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |
| CLT
| Jeane Manson
| ""
| French
|
| Hervé Roy
|-
! scope="row" |
| TMC
| Laurent Vaguener
| ""
| French
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |
| NOS
| Xandra
| "Colorado"
| Dutch
|
| Harry van Hoof
|-
! scope="row" |
| NRK
| Anita Skorgan
| "Oliver"
| Norwegian
|
| Sigurd Jansen
|-
! scope="row" |
| RTP
| Manuela Bravo
| ""
| Portuguese
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |
| TVE
| Betty Missiego
| ""
| Spanish
| Fernando Moreno
| José Luis Navarro
|-
! scope="row" |
| SR
| Ted Gärdestad
| ""
| Swedish
|
| Lars Samuelson
|-
! scope="row" |
| SRG SSR
| Peter, Sue and Marc, Pfuri, Gorps and Kniri
| ""
| German
|
| Rolf Zuckowski
|-
! scope="row" |
| BBC
| Black Lace
| "Mary Ann"
| English
| Peter Morris
| Ken Jones
|}
Production
The contest was organised and broadcast by the Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA) and the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). The event was produced by Alex Gilady, directed by Yossi Zemach, musically directed by Izhak Graziani who conducted the IBA Symphony Orchestra, and overseen by the EBU with scrutineer Frank Naef. The event showcased stage decorations of several types of flora which represent the Land of Israel, and a film of Jerusalem's varied ancient, modern and religious scenery. The left side of the stage where the presentation was held, was decorated with prickly pear cactus, date, pomegranate, and orange plants. The film which opened the programme and repeated over its closing credits, screened Jerusalem's biblical and medieval monuments sacred to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam with residents and visitors who frequent them while its opening and concluding images showcased the city's cultural and governmental institutions along with different types of people outside the ancient walls.
This year, the postcards between each song featured mime artists rather than the participating singers. The mime artists featured were the Yoram Boker Mime Group, and included some of Israel's leading mime artists, among them Ezra Dagan and Hanoch Rozen. The group performed on a background of illustrations created by Dudu Geva and Yochanan Lakitzevitz, that featured landmarks and typical landscapes of the respective countries.
Contest overview<span class="anchor" id="Results"></span><span class="anchor" id="Participants and results"></span>
<!-- Anchor in the header is the old section name -->
The following tables reflect the confirmed, verified scores, which were adjusted after the live broadcast. During the voting announcement, mistakes kept appearing as some spokespersons gave multiple votes of the same amount to two countries. Importantantly, due to a misunderstanding by the presenter Yardena Arazi, Spain appeared to award 10 points to both Portugal and Israel and these scores were added to the scoreboard. After the programme, verification confirmed that Portugal should only have received six points, leaving the total Portuguese score reduced by four points to 64.
The intermission between the songs and the voting was presented by a performance of the Shalom '79 Dancing Ensemble, who performed a variety of Israeli folk dances. The performance was directed by the ensemble's manager and choreographer Gavri Levy.
{| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders sticky-header"
|-
|+ Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1979
|-
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | Artist
! scope="col" | Song
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Points
! scope="col" | Place
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 1
|
|
| ""
| 64
| 9
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 2
|
| Matia Bazar
| ""
| 27
| 15
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 3
|
|
| "Disco Tango"
| 76
| 6
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 4
|
|
| "Happy Man"
| 80
| 5
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 5
|
| Katri Helena
| ""
| 38
| 14
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 6
|
|
| ""
| 12
| 16
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 7
|
| Elpida
| ""
| 69
| 8
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 8
|
| Peter, Sue and Marc, Pfuri, Gorps and Kniri
| ""
| 60
| 10
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 9
|
| Dschinghis Khan
| ""
| 86
| 4
|- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 10
|
| Milk and Honey
| "Hallelujah"
| 125
| 1
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 11
|
|
| ""
| 106
| 3
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 12
|
|
| "Hey Nana"
| 5
| 18
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 13
|
|
| ""
| 44
| 13
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 14
|
| Xandra
| "Colorado"
| 51
| 12
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 15
|
| Ted Gärdestad
| ""
| 8
| 17
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 16
|
|
| "Oliver"
| 57
| 11
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 17
|
| Black Lace
| "Mary Ann"
| 73
| 7
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 18
|
|
| ""
| 5
| 18
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 19
|
|
| ""
| 116
| 2
|}
Spokespersons
Each participating broadcaster appointed a spokesperson who was responsible for announcing the votes for its respective country via telephone. Known spokespersons at the 1979 contest are listed below.
- Kaarina Pönniö
- Ivo Niehe
- Sven Lindahl
- Colin Berry
Detailed voting results<span class="anchor" id="Scoreboard"></span>
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Each participating broadcaster assembled a jury who awarded 12, 10, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 point(s) for their top ten songs. This was the last year in which the points were announced via order of appearance, as opposed to order of preference. From the next year's contest onwards, the points were announced in ascending order instead. This has remained in place ever since.
The voting was extremely close. Israel gained a good lead in the early stages of the voting, but Spain eventually caught up and took a good lead themselves. At the close of the penultimate jury's votes, Israel were one point behind Spain, and only the Spanish jury had yet to give their votes. Spain ended up giving Israel 10 points, thus giving the victory to the latter country for the second time in a row.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|+ Detailed voting results
|-
! colspan="2" |
! scope="col"
! scope="col"
! scope="col"
! scope="col"
! scope="col"
! scope="col"
! scope="col"
! scope="col"
! scope="col"
! scope="col"
! scope="col"
! scope="col"
! scope="col"
! scope="col"
! scope="col"
! scope="col"
! scope="col"
! scope="col"
! scope="col"
! scope="col"
|-
! rowspan="19"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:#f2f2f2;" | Portugal
| style="text-align:right; background:#f2f2f2;" | 64 || style="text-align:left; background:#aaa;" | || 6 || || || 2 || 5 || || 4 || 4 || || 10 || 5 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 6 || || 7 || 6
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:#f2f2f2;" | Italy
| style="text-align:right; background:#f2f2f2;" | 27 || 8 || style="text-align:left; background:#aaa;" | || || || 8 || || || || || || || || || || || 3 || || || 8
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:#f2f2f2;" | Denmark
| style="text-align:right; background:#f2f2f2;" | 76 || || || style="text-align:left; background:#aaa;" | || 2 || || 3 || 12 || 1 || 10 || 12 || 6 || 7 || 4 || 8 || 1 || || 3 || 3 || 4
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:#f2f2f2;" | Ireland
| style="text-align:right; background:#f2f2f2;" | 80 || 5 || 5 || 5 || style="text-align:left; background:#aaa;" | || 6 || || 10 || 6 || 6 || 3 || || 10 || 7 || || 8 || 5 || 4 || ||
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:#f2f2f2;" | Finland
| style="text-align:right; background:#f2f2f2;" | 38 || || 7 || || || style="text-align:left; background:#aaa;" | || || 7 || 8 || 5 || || 5 || || 6 || || || || || ||
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:#f2f2f2;" | Monaco
| style="text-align:right; background:#f2f2f2;" | 12 || 1 || 2 || 4 || || || style="text-align:left; background:#aaa;" | || || || || || 3 || || || || || || || || 2
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:#f2f2f2;" | Greece
| style="text-align:right; background:#f2f2f2;" | 69 || 10 || || 1 || 4 || || 7 || style="text-align:left; background:#aaa;" | || 7 || 2 || 10 || 4 || 1 || 5 || 7 || 2 || || || 2 || 7
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:#f2f2f2;" | Switzerland
| style="text-align:right; background:#f2f2f2;" | 60 || || || 7 || 1 || 10 || 2 || 2 || style="text-align:left; background:#aaa;" | || 7 || 4 || 7 || || || || || 8 || || 12 ||
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:#f2f2f2;" | Germany
| style="text-align:right; background:#f2f2f2;" | 86 || 2 || 1 || 12 || 5 || 3 || 12 || || || style="text-align:left; background:#aaa;" | || 6 || 12 || 4 || 1 || 2 || 6 || || 8 || || 12
|- style="background:gold;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; font-weight:bold; background:gold;" | Israel
| style="text-align:right; font-weight:bold;" | 125 || 12 || || 6 || 12 || 12 || 8 || 4 || 5 || || style="text-align:left; background:#aaa;" | || 1 || 2 || 8 || 1 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 8 || 10
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:#f2f2f2;" | France
| style="text-align:right; background:#f2f2f2;" | 106 || 6 || 10 || || || 1 || 10 || 8 || 10 || || 5 || style="text-align:left; background:#aaa;" | || 6 || 12 || 12 || 5 || 7 || 6 || 5 || 3
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:#f2f2f2;" | Belgium
| style="text-align:right; background:#f2f2f2;" | 5 || || || 2 || || || || || || 1 || || || style="text-align:left; background:#aaa;" | || || || || || 2 || ||
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:#f2f2f2;" | Luxembourg
| style="text-align:right; background:#f2f2f2;" | 44 || 7 || || || 3 || 4 || 4 || 5 || 3 || || || 2 || || style="text-align:left; background:#aaa;" | || 4 || || 2 || 10 || ||
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:#f2f2f2;" | Netherlands
| style="text-align:right; background:#f2f2f2;" | 51 || || || 8 || 10 || 5 || || 3 || || 3 || 7 || || 3 || || style="text-align:left; background:#aaa;" | || 4 || 4 || || 4 ||
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:#f2f2f2;" | Sweden
| style="text-align:right; background:#f2f2f2;" | 8 || || || || 6 || || || 1 || || || 1 || || || || || style="text-align:left; background:#aaa;" | || || || ||
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:#f2f2f2;" | Norway
| style="text-align:right; background:#f2f2f2;" | 57 || 3 || 3 || || 8 || || 6 || || || || 2 || || 8 || 2 || 6 || 10 || style="text-align:left; background:#aaa;" | || 7 || 1 || 1
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:#f2f2f2;" | United Kingdom
| style="text-align:right; background:#f2f2f2;" | 73 || 4 || 8 || 10 || 7 || 7 || 1 || || 2 || 8 || || || || || 5 || || 10 || style="text-align:left; background:#aaa;" | || 6 || 5
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:#f2f2f2;" | Austria
| style="text-align:right; background:#f2f2f2;" | 5 || || 4 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || 1 || style="text-align:left; background:#aaa;" | ||
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:#f2f2f2;" | Spain
| style="text-align:right; background:#f2f2f2;" | 116 || || 12 || 3 || || || || 6 || 12 || 12 || 8 || 8 || 12 || 10 || 10 || 7 || 1 || 5 || 10 || style="text-align:left; background:#aaa;" |
|}
12 points
Below is a summary of all 12 points in the final:
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | N.
! scope="col" | Contestant
! scope="col" | Nation(s) giving 12 points
|-
! scope="row" | 6
|
| , , , , ,
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | 4
|
| , , ,
|-
|
| , , ,
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | 2
|
| ,
|-
|
| ,
|-
! scope="row" | 1
|
|
|}
Broadcasts<span class="anchor" id="Broadcasters and commentators"></span>
<!-- Anchor in the header is the old section name -->
Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants". Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers.
In addition to the participating countries, the contest was also reportedly broadcast in Hong Kong, Iceland, and Romania. The contest was not broadcast in Yugoslavia for the first time since 1960, as the nation had no diplomatic ties with Israel. Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sticky-header"
|-
|+ Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries
|-
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | Broadcaster
! scope="col" | Channel(s)
! scope="col" | Commentator(s)
! scope="col" |
|-
! scope="row" |
| ORF
| FS1
| Ernst Grissemann
|
|-
! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2" |
| BRT
| TV1
|
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| RTBF
| RTBF1
| Paule Herreman
|-
! scope="row" |
| DR
| DR TV
| Jørgen de Mylius
|
|-
! scope="row" |
| YLE
| TV1,
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |
| colspan="2" | TF1
| Marc Menant
|
|-
! scope="row" |
| ERT
| ERT, A Programma
|
|
|-
! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" | RTÉ
| RTÉ 1
| Mike Murphy
|
|-
| RTÉ Radio
|
|
|-
! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2" |
| IBA
| Israeli Television
|
|
|-
| colspan="2" | Army Radio
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |
| RAI
|