Eudoxius of Antioch (; died 370) was the fifth archibishop of Constantinople from 27 January 360 to early 370, previously bishop of Germanicia and of Antioch. Eudoxius was one of the most influential Arians.

Biography

Eudoxius was from Arabissos of Asia Minor. Eudoxius came to Eustathius, bishop of Antioch between 324 and 331, seeking holy orders. However, Eustathius found his doctrine unsound and refused him. Nevertheless, when Eustathius was deposed, the Arians or Eusebius of Nicomedia had everything their own way and admitted Eudoxius to orders and made him bishop of Germanicia, on the confines of Syria, Cilicia, and Cappadocia. This bishopric he held at least 17 years, the period of the principal intrigues against Athanasius of Alexandria, and of the reigns of Constantine the Great's sons.

In 341 the council of the Dedication or Encaenia was held under Placillus at Antioch. Eudoxius of Antioch attended. He was an Arian pure and simple, a disciple of Aëtius of Antioch, a friend of Eunomius of Cyzicus. The council produced four creeds, in which the Eusebian party succeeded in making their doctrine as plausible as might be, and the second of these became known as the "Creed of the Dedication". Athanasius says that Eudoxius was sent with Martyrius of Antioch and Macedonius I of Constantinople to take the new creed of Antioch to Italy. This new creed may, however, have been the Macrostich, or Long Formula, drawn up at a later council of Antioch.

In 343 or 347 the rival councils of Serdica and Philippopolis were held. At the latter was drawn up a creed more Arian than those of Antioch, and it was signed by Eudoxius. Between 355 and 359 Eudoxius was in attendance on the emperor in the West when news came of the death of Leontius of Antioch. Against the canons, he took over the see of Antioch. these tore the church to pieces by their captious subtilties.

Eudoxius consecrated his friend Eunomius to the see of Cyzicus, but such complaints were brought to the Roman emperor Constantius II that he ordered Eudoxius to depose him. Eudoxius acquiesced to the emperor's command and quietly persuaded Eunomius to retire.

In 365 an attack was made on Eudoxius by the semi-Arians, now called Macedonians. Holding a meeting at Lampsacus, they signed the "Creed of the Dedication", cited Eudoxius and his party before them, and, as they did not come, sentenced them to deprivation; but Roman emperor Valens refused to confirm the proceedings.

In 367 Valens, as he was setting out for the Gothic War, was induced by his wife Domnica to receive baptism from Eudoxius. In the same year, he issued, likely under the advice of Eudoxius, an order that such bishops as had been banished by Constantius II and had returned under Roman emperor Julian should again be exiled.

The years during which Eudoxius and Valens acted together were allegedly troubled by portents, which Homoousians attributed to the anger of Heaven at Valens' banishment of bishops who would not admit Eudoxius to their communion. Eudoxius died in 370.

Notes and references

Attribution

  • Sinclair cites:
  • Athanasius of Alexandria, ad Solit., in Patrologia Graeca, xxvi, 572, 219, 589, 274, 580, 713, 601;
  • Epiphanius of Cyprus de Haeres, lxxiii, 2;
  • H. E.; II, 16, 38, 40;
  • Hilary of Poitiers, de Synod., Patrologia Latina, X, 471;
  • Liber contr. Const. Imp. §§ 665, 680, 573;
  • Sozomenus. H. E.; IV, 26;
  • Socrates Scholasticus H. E.; II, 19, 37, 40, 43;
  • Theodoret, H. E.; II, 25; Haer. Fab., IV, 3;
  • Theophanes the Confessor Chronogr., § 38; Niceph. Callist. H. E.; XI, 4.