(22 October 1197 – 7 October 1242) of the Jōgen (Kamakura period) was the 84th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1210 through 1221, a part of Japan's Kamakura Period.

Genealogy

Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his imina) was .

He was the third son of Emperor Go-Toba. His mother was Shigeko (重子), the daughter of Fujiwara Hanki (藤原範季)

  • Empress (chūgū): Kujō Fujiwara no Ritsushi (?) (九条（藤原）立子) later Higashiichijō-in (東一条院), Kujo Yoshitsune's daughter
  • Second daughter: Imperial Princess Taiko (諦子内親王; 1217–1243) later Gekgimon'in (明義門院)
  • Third son: Imperial Prince Kanenari (懐成親王) later Emperor Chūkyō
  • Lady-in-waiting: Toku-Naishi (督典侍), Fujiwara Norimitsu's Daughter
  • Fourth son: Prince Hikonari (彦成王; 1219–1286)
  • Sixth son: Imperial Prince Yoshimune (善統親王; 1233–1317)
  • Consort: Fujiwara Noriko (藤原位子), Bomon Nobukiyo's daughter
  • First Daughter: Imperial Princess Jōko (穠子内親王; 1216-1279）later Eianmon'in（永安門院)
  • Consort: Fujiwara Kiyotaka's Daughter
  • First Son: Imperial Prince Priest Sonkaku (尊覚法親王; 1215–1264)
  • Second Son: Imperial Prince Priest Kaku'e (覚恵法親王; b.1217)
  • Fifth son: Prince Iwakura no Miya Tadanari (岩倉宮忠成王; 1222–1279)
  • Consort: Saishō-no-Tsubone (宰相局), Priest's daughter
  • Son: Kangan Giin
  • Mother unknown:
  • Daughter: Princess Yoshiko (慶子女王; 1225-1286）
  • Daughter: Princess Tadako (忠子女王; 1232-1249）
  • Son: Prince Chitose (千歳宮; 1237-1254）

Events of Juntoku's life

Morinari-shinnō became Crown Prince in 1200. He was elevated to the throne after Emperor Go-Toba pressured Emperor Tsuchimikado into abdicating.

  • 12 December 1210 (Jōgen 1, 25th day of the 11th month): In the 12th year of Tsuchimikado-tennōs reign (土御門天皇十二年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (senso) was received by his younger brother, the second son of the former-Emperor Go-Toba. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Juntoku is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).

In actuality, Emperor Go-Toba wielded effective power as a cloistered emperor during the years of Juntoku's reign.

In 1221, he was forced to abdicate because of his participation in Go-Toba's unsuccessful attempt to displace the Kamakura bakufu with re-asserted Imperial power. This political and military struggle was called the Jōkyū War or the Jōkyū Incident (Jōkyū-no ran).

200px|thumb|Imperial tomb of Emperor Juntoku and Emperor Go-Toba, Kyoto

After the Jōkyū-no ran, Juntoku was sent into exile on Sado Island (佐渡島 or 佐渡ヶ島, both Sadogashima), where he remained until his death in 1242.

This emperor is known posthumously as Sado-no In (佐渡院) because his last years were spent at Sado. He was buried in a mausoleum, the Mano Goryo, on Sado's west coast.

Kugyō

Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During juntoku's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:

  • Kampaku, Konoe Iezane, d. 1242.
  • Sadaijin
  • Udaijin
  • Nadaijin
  • Dainagon

Eras of Juntoku's reign

The years of Juntoku's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.

  • Jōgen (1207–1211)
  • Kenryaku (1211–1213)
  • Kempō (1213–1219)
  • Jōkyū (1219–1222)

Ancestry

See also

  • Emperor of Japan
  • List of Emperors of Japan
  • Imperial cult

Notes

thumb|right|120px|[[Imperial Seal of Japan|Japanese Imperial kamon — a stylized chrysanthemum blossom]]

References

  • Bornoff, Nicholas. (2005). National Geographic Traveler Japan. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society.
  • Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [ Jien, c. 1220], Gukanshō (The Future and the Past, a translation and study of the Gukanshō, an interpretative history of Japan written in 1219). Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Mostow, Joshua S., ed. (1996). Pictures of the Heart: The Hyakunin Isshu in Word and Image. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
  • Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
  • Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.
  • Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1359], Jinnō Shōtōki (A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki. New York: Columbia University Press.