Electron configurations of the elements

This page shows the electron configurations of the neutral gaseous atoms in their ground states. For each atom the subshells are given first in concise form, then with all subshells written out, followed by the number of electrons per shell. For phosphorus (element 15) as an example, the concise form is [Ne] 3s² 3p³. Here [Ne] refers to the core electrons which are the same as for the element neon (Ne), the last noble gas before phosphorus in the periodic table. The valence electrons (here 3s² 3p³) are written explicitly for all atoms.

Electron configurations of elements beyond hassium (element 108) have never been measured; predictions are used below.

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As an approximate rule, electron configurations are given by the Aufbau principle and the Madelung rule. However there are numerous exceptions; for example the lightest exception is chromium, which would be predicted to have the configuration , written as , but whose actual configuration given in the table below is .

Note that these electron configurations are given for neutral atoms in the gas phase, which are not the same as the electron configurations for the same atoms in chemical environments. In many cases, multiple configurations are within a small range of energies and the irregularities shown below do not necessarily have a clear relation to chemical behaviour. For the undiscovered eighth-row elements, mixing of configurations is expected to be very important, and sometimes the result can no longer be well-described by a single configuration.

{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"

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! colspan=19 | Legend

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| 1s || 2s || 2p || 3s || 3p || 3d || 4s || 4p || 4d || 4f || 5s || 5p || 5d || 5f || 6s || 6p || 6d || 7s || 7p

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 1 H --> 1 H hydrogen : 1s¹

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|1s¹ || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|1 ||colspan=2 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 style="background: | <!-- 2 He --> 2 He helium : 1s²

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|1s² || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 3 Li --> 3 Li lithium : [He] 2s¹

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|1s² ||2s¹ || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |1 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 4 Be --> 4 Be beryllium : [He] 2s²

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|1s² ||2s² || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |2 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 5 B --> 5 B boron : [He] 2s² 2p¹

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p¹ || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |3 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 6 C --> 6 C carbon : [He] 2s² 2p²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p² || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |4 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 7 N --> 7 N nitrogen : [He] 2s² 2p³

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p³ || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |5 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 8 O --> 8 O oxygen : [He] 2s² 2p⁴

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁴ || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |6 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 9 F --> 9 F fluorine : [He] 2s² 2p⁵

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁵ || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |7 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 style="background: | <!-- 10 Ne --> 10 Ne neon : [He] 2s² 2p⁶

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 11 Na --> 11 Na sodium : [Ne] 3s¹

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s¹ || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |1 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 12 Mg --> 12 Mg magnesium : [Ne] 3s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 13 Al --> 13 Al aluminium : [Ne] 3s² 3p¹

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p¹ || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |3 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 14 Si --> 14 Si silicon : [Ne] 3s² 3p²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p² || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |4 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 15 P --> 15 P phosphorus : [Ne] 3s² 3p³

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p³ || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |5 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 16 S --> 16 S sulfur : [Ne] 3s² 3p⁴

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁴ || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |6 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 17 Cl --> 17 Cl chlorine : [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁵ || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |7 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 style="background: | <!-- 18 Ar --> 18 Ar argon : [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |8 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 19 K --> 19 K potassium : [Ar] 4s¹

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ || ||4s¹ || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |8 ||colspan=4 |1 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 20 Ca --> 20 Ca calcium : [Ar] 4s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ || ||4s² || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |8 ||colspan=4 |2 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 21 Sc --> 21 Sc scandium : [Ar] 3d¹ 4s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹ ||4s² || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |9 ||colspan=4 |2 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 22 Ti --> 22 Ti titanium : [Ar] 3d² 4s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d² ||4s² || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |10 ||colspan=4 |2 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 23 V --> 23 V vanadium : [Ar] 3d³ 4s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d³ ||4s² || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |11 ||colspan=4 |2 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 24 Cr --> 24 Cr chromium : [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d⁵ ||4s¹|| || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |13 ||colspan=4 |1 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 25 Mn --> 25 Mn manganese : [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d⁵ ||4s² || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |13 ||colspan=4 |2 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 26 Fe --> 26 Fe iron : [Ar] 3d⁶ 4s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d⁶ ||4s² || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |14 ||colspan=4 |2 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 27 Co --> 27 Co cobalt : [Ar] 3d⁷ 4s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d⁷ ||4s² || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |15 ||colspan=4 |2 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 28 Ni --> 28 Ni nickel : [Ar] 3d⁸ 4s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d⁸ ||4s² || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |16 ||colspan=4 |2 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 29 Cu --> 29 Cu copper : [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s¹ || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |1 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 30 Zn --> 30 Zn zinc : [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² || || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |2 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 31 Ga --> 31 Ga gallium : [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p¹ || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |3 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 32 Ge --> 32 Ge germanium : [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p² || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |4 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 33 As --> 33 As arsenic : [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p³

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p³ || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |5 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 34 Se --> 34 Se selenium : [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁴

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁴ || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |6 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 35 Br --> 35 Br bromine : [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁵ || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |7 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 style="background: | <!-- 36 Kr --> 36 Kr krypton : [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ || || || || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |8 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 37 Rb --> 37 Rb rubidium : [Kr] 5s¹

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ || || ||5s¹ || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |8 ||colspan=4 |1 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 38 Sr --> 38 Sr strontium : [Kr] 5s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ || || ||5s² || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |8 ||colspan=4 |2 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 39 Y --> 39 Y yttrium : [Kr] 4d¹ 5s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹ || ||5s² || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |9 ||colspan=4 |2 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 40 Zr --> 40 Zr zirconium : [Kr] 4d² 5s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d² || ||5s² || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |10 ||colspan=4 |2 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 41 Nb --> 41 Nb niobium : [Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d⁴ || ||5s¹ || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |12 ||colspan=4 |1 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 42 Mo --> 42 Mo molybdenum : [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s¹

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d⁵ || ||5s¹ || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |13 ||colspan=4 |1 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 43 Tc --> 43 Tc technetium : [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d⁵ || ||5s² || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |13 ||colspan=4 |2 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 44 Ru --> 44 Ru ruthenium : [Kr] 4d⁷ 5s¹

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d⁷ || ||5s¹ || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |15 ||colspan=4 |1 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 45 Rh --> 45 Rh rhodium : [Kr] 4d⁸ 5s¹

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d⁸ || ||5s¹ || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |16 ||colspan=4 |1 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 46 Pd --> 46 Pd palladium : [Kr] 4d¹⁰

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ || || || || || || || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=4 | ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 47 Ag --> 47 Ag silver : [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s¹

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ || ||5s¹ || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=4 |1 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 48 Cd --> 48 Cd cadmium : [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ || ||5s² || || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=4 |2 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 49 In --> 49 In indium : [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p¹

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ || ||5s² ||5p¹ || || || || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=4 |3 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 50 Sn --> 50 Sn tin : [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ || ||5s² ||5p² || || || || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=4 |4 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 51 Sb --> 51 Sb antimony : [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p³

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ || ||5s² ||5p³ || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=4 |5 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 52 Te --> 52 Te tellurium : [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁴

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ || ||5s² ||5p⁴ || || || || || || ||

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|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=4 |6 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 53 I --> 53 I iodine : [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁵

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ || ||5s² ||5p⁵ || || || || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=4 |7 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 style="background: | <!-- 54 Xe --> 54 Xe xenon : [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ || ||5s² ||5p⁶ || || || || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=4 |8 ||colspan=3 | ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 55 Cs --> 55 Cs caesium : [Xe] 6s¹

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ || ||5s² ||5p⁶ || || ||6s¹ || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=4 |8 ||colspan=3 |1 ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 56 Ba --> 56 Ba barium : [Xe] 6s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ || ||5s² ||5p⁶ || || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=4 |8 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 57 La --> 57 La lanthanum : [Xe] 5d¹ 6s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ || ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹ || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=4 |9 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 58 Ce --> 58 Ce cerium : [Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹ || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |19 ||colspan=4 |9 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 59 Pr --> 59 Pr praseodymium : [Xe] 4f³ 6s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f³ ||5s² ||5p⁶ || || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |21 ||colspan=4 |8 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 60 Nd --> 60 Nd neodymium : [Xe] 4f⁴ 6s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ || || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |22 ||colspan=4 |8 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 61 Pm --> 61 Pm promethium : [Xe] 4f⁵ 6s²

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|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f⁵ ||5s² ||5p⁶ || || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |23 ||colspan=4 |8 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

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! colspan=19 | <!-- 62 Sm --> 62 Sm samarium : [Xe] 4f⁶ 6s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f⁶ ||5s² ||5p⁶ || || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |24 ||colspan=4 |8 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 63 Eu --> 63 Eu europium : [Xe] 4f⁷ 6s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f⁷ ||5s² ||5p⁶ || || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |25 ||colspan=4 |8 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 64 Gd --> 64 Gd gadolinium : [Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f⁷ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹ || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |25 ||colspan=4 |9 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 65 Tb --> 65 Tb terbium : [Xe] 4f⁹ 6s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f⁹ ||5s² ||5p⁶ || || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |27 ||colspan=4 |8 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 66 Dy --> 66 Dy dysprosium : [Xe] 4f¹⁰ 6s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁰ ||5s² ||5p⁶ || || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |28 ||colspan=4 |8 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 67 Ho --> 67 Ho holmium : [Xe] 4f¹¹ 6s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹¹ ||5s² ||5p⁶ || || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |29 ||colspan=4 |8 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 68 Er --> 68 Er erbium : [Xe] 4f¹² 6s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹² ||5s² ||5p⁶ || || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |30 ||colspan=4 |8 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 69 Tm --> 69 Tm thulium : [Xe] 4f¹³ 6s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹³ ||5s² ||5p⁶ || || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |31 ||colspan=4 |8 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 70 Yb --> 70 Yb ytterbium : [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 6s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ || || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |8 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 71 Lu --> 71 Lu lutetium : [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹ 6s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹ || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |9 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 72 Hf --> 72 Hf hafnium : [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d² || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |10 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 73 Ta --> 73 Ta tantalum : [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d³ 6s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d³ || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |11 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 74 W --> 74 W tungsten : [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁴ 6s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d⁴ || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |12 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 75 Re --> 75 Re rhenium : [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁵ 6s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d⁵ || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |13 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 76 Os --> 76 Os osmium : [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁶ 6s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d⁶ || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |14 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 77 Ir --> 77 Ir iridium : [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁷ 6s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d⁷ || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |15 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 78 Pt --> 78 Pt platinum : [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁹ 6s¹

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d⁹ || ||6s¹ || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |17 ||colspan=3 |1 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 79 Au --> 79 Au gold : [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ || ||6s¹ || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=3 |1 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 80 Hg --> 80 Hg mercury : [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ || ||6s² || || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=3 |2 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 81 Tl --> 81 Tl thallium : [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p¹

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ || ||6s² ||6p¹ || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=3 |3 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 82 Pb --> 82 Pb lead : [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ || ||6s² ||6p² || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=3 |4 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 83 Bi --> 83 Bi bismuth : [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ || ||6s² ||6p³ || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=3 |5 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 84 Po --> 84 Po polonium : [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁴

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ || ||6s² ||6p⁴ || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=3 |6 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 85 At --> 85 At astatine : [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁵

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ || ||6s² ||6p⁵ || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=3 |7 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 style="background: | <!-- 86 Rn --> 86 Rn radon : [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁶

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ || ||6s² ||6p⁶ || || ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=3 |8 ||colspan=2 |

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 87 Fr --> 87 Fr francium : [Rn] 7s¹

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ || ||6s² ||6p⁶ || ||7s¹ ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=3 |8 ||colspan=2 |1

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 88 Ra --> 88 Ra radium : [Rn] 7s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ || ||6s² ||6p⁶ || ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=3 |8 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 89 Ac --> 89 Ac actinium : [Rn] 6d¹ 7s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ || ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d¹ ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=3 |9 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 90 Th --> 90 Th thorium : [Rn] 6d² 7s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ || ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d² ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |18 ||colspan=3 |10 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 91 Pa --> 91 Pa protactinium : [Rn] 5f² 6d¹ 7s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f² ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d¹ ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |20 ||colspan=3 |9 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 92 U --> 92 U uranium : [Rn] 5f³ 6d¹ 7s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f³ ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d¹ ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |21 ||colspan=3 |9 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 93 Np --> 93 Np neptunium : [Rn] 5f⁴ 6d¹ 7s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f⁴ ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d¹ ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |22 ||colspan=3 |9 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 94 Pu --> 94 Pu plutonium : [Rn] 5f⁶ 7s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f⁶ ||6s² ||6p⁶ || ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |24 ||colspan=3 |8 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 95 Am --> 95 Am americium : [Rn] 5f⁷ 7s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f⁷ ||6s² ||6p⁶ || ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |25 ||colspan=3 |8 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 96 Cm --> 96 Cm curium : [Rn] 5f⁷ 6d¹ 7s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f⁷ ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d¹ ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |25 ||colspan=3 |9 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 97 Bk --> 97 Bk berkelium : [Rn] 5f⁹ 7s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f⁹ ||6s² ||6p⁶ || ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |27 ||colspan=3 |8 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 98 Cf --> 98 Cf californium : [Rn] 5f¹⁰ 7s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹⁰ ||6s² ||6p⁶ || ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |28 ||colspan=3 |8 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!-- 99 Es --> 99 Es einsteinium : [Rn] 5f¹¹ 7s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹¹ ||6s² ||6p⁶ || ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |29 ||colspan=3 |8 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!--100 Fm --> 100 Fm fermium : [Rn] 5f¹² 7s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹² ||6s² ||6p⁶ || ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |30 ||colspan=3 |8 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!--101 Md --> 101 Md mendelevium : [Rn] 5f¹³ 7s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹³ ||6s² ||6p⁶ || ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |31 ||colspan=3 |8 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!--102 No --> 102 No nobelium : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹⁴ ||6s² ||6p⁶ || ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=3 |8 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!--103 Lr --> 103 Lr lawrencium : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s² 7p¹ <!--YES, REALLY. THIS IS NOT A MISTAKE, BUT HAS BEEN EXPERIMENTALLY VERIFIED. SEE OUR MAIN LAWRENCIUM ARTICLE-->

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹⁴ ||6s² ||6p⁶ || ||7s² || 7p¹

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=3 |8 ||colspan=2 |3

|-

! colspan=19 | <!--104 Rf --> 104 Rf rutherfordium : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d² 7s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹⁴ ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d² ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=3 |10 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!--105 Db --> 105 Db dubnium : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d³ 7s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹⁴ ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d³ ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=3 |11 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!--106 Sg --> 106 Sg seaborgium : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁴ 7s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹⁴ ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d⁴ ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=3 |12 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!--107 Bh --> 107 Bh bohrium : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁵ 7s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹⁴ ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d⁵ ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=3 |13 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!--108 Hs --> 108 Hs hassium : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁶ 7s²

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹⁴ ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d⁶ ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=3 |14 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!--109 Mt --> 109 Mt meitnerium : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁷ 7s² (predicted)

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹⁴ ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d⁷ ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=3 |15 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!--110 Ds --> 110 Ds darmstadtium : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁸ 7s² (predicted) <!--BECAUSE OF RELATIVISTIC EFFECTS, 7s IS LOWER THAN 6d IN ENERGY, SO THE IRREGULARITY OF PLATINUM IS NOT EXPECTED TO BE MATCHED-->

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹⁴ ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d⁸ ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=3 |16 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!--111 Rg --> 111 Rg roentgenium : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁹ 7s² (predicted) <!--BECAUSE OF RELATIVISTIC EFFECTS, 7s IS LOWER THAN 6d IN ENERGY, SO THE IRREGULARITY OF GOLD IS NOT EXPECTED TO BE MATCHED-->

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹⁴ ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d⁹ ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=3 |17 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!--112 Cn --> 112 Cn copernicium : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² (predicted)

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹⁴ ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d¹⁰ ||7s² ||

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=2 |2

|-

! colspan=19 | <!--113 Nh --> 113 Nh nihonium : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p¹ (predicted)

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹⁴ ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d¹⁰ ||7s² ||7p¹

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=2 |3

|-

! colspan=19 | <!--114 Fl --> 114 Fl flerovium : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p² (predicted)

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹⁴ ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d¹⁰ ||7s² ||7p²

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=2 |4

|-

! colspan=19 | <!--115 Mc --> 115 Mc moscovium : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p³ (predicted)

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹⁴ ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d¹⁰ ||7s² ||7p³

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=2 |5

|-

! colspan=19 | <!--116 Lv --> 116 Lv livermorium : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁴ (predicted)

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹⁴ ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d¹⁰ ||7s² ||7p⁴

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=2 |6

|-

! colspan=19 | <!--117 Ts --> 117 Ts tennessine : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁵ (predicted)

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹⁴ ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d¹⁰ ||7s² ||7p⁵

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=2 |7

|-

! colspan=19 style="background: | <!--118 Og --> 118 Og oganesson : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁶ (predicted)

|-

|1s² ||2s² ||2p⁶ ||3s² ||3p⁶ ||3d¹⁰ ||4s² ||4p⁶ ||4d¹⁰ ||4f¹⁴ ||5s² ||5p⁶ ||5d¹⁰ ||5f¹⁴ ||6s² ||6p⁶ ||6d¹⁰ ||7s² ||7p⁶

|-

|2 ||colspan=2 |8 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=4 |32 ||colspan=3 |18 ||colspan=2 |8

|}

:

See also

• Periodic table (electron configurations) – The above information in a periodic table layout
• Extended periodic table#Electron configurations – Predictions for undiscovered elements 119–173 and 184

References

All sources concur with the data above except in the instances listed separately:

NIST

• http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/IonEnergy/ionEnergy.html ; retrieved July 2005, (elements 1&ndash;104) based on:
• Atomic Spectroscopy, by W.C. Martin and W.L. Wiese in Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics Handbook, ed. by G.W.F. Drake (AIP, Woodbury, NY, 1996) Chapter 10, pp.&nbsp;135–153.

This website is also cited in the CRC Handbook as source of Section 1, subsection Electron Configuration of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State.

• 91 Pa : [Rn] 5f²(³H₄) 6d 7s²
• 92 U : [Rn] 5f³(⁴I^o_9/2) 6d 7s²
• 93 Np : [Rn] 5f⁴(⁵I₄) 6d 7s²
• 103 Lr : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s² 7p¹ question-marked
• 104 Rf : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d² 7s² question-marked

CRC

• David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 1, Basic Constants, Units, and Conversion Factors; Electron Configuration of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State. (elements 1&ndash;104)
• Also subsection Periodic Table of the Elements, (elements 1&ndash;103) based on:
• G. J. Leigh, Editor, Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1990.
• Chemical and Engineering News, 63(5), 27, 1985.
• Atomic Weights of the Elements, 1999, Pure Appl. Chem., 73, 667, 2001.

WebElements

• http://www.webelements.com/ ; retrieved July 2005, electron configurations based on:
• Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics Handbook, Ed. Gordon W. F. Drake, American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, New York, 1996.
• J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter in Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edition, Harper Collins, New York, 1993.
• R.L. DeKock and H.B. Gray in Chemical Structure and bonding, Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, California, 1980.
• A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
• 103 Lr : [Rn].5f¹⁴.7s².7p¹ tentative ; 2.8.18.32.32.9.2 [inconsistent]
• 104 Rf : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d².7s² tentative
• 105 Db : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d³.7s² (a guess based upon that of tantalum) ; 2.8.18.32.32.11.2
• 106 Sg : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d⁴.7s² (a guess based upon that of tungsten) ; 2.8.18.32.32.12.2
• 107 Bh : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d⁵.7s² (a guess based upon that of rhenium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.13.2
• 108 Hs : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d⁶.7s² (a guess based upon that of osmium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.14.2
• 109 Mt : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d⁷.7s² (a guess based upon that of iridium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.15.2
• 110 Ds : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d⁹.7s¹ (a guess based upon that of platinum) ; 2.8.18.32.32.17.1
• 111 Rg : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d¹⁰.7s¹ (a guess based upon that of gold) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.1
• 112 Cn : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d¹⁰.7s² (a guess based upon that of mercury) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.2
• 113 Nh : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d¹⁰.7s².7p¹ (a guess based upon that of thallium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.3
• 114 Fl : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d¹⁰.7s².7p² (a guess based upon that of lead) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.4
• 115 Mc : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d¹⁰.7s².7p³ (a guess based upon that of bismuth) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.5
• 116 Lv : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d¹⁰.7s².7p⁴ (a guess based upon that of polonium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.6
• 117 Ts : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d¹⁰.7s².7p⁵ (a guess based upon that of astatine) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.7
• 118 Og : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d¹⁰.7s².7p⁶ (a guess based upon that of radon) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.8

Lange

• J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), online version, McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4, Table 4.1 Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements. (Elements 1&ndash;103)
• 97 Bk : [Rn] 5f⁸ 6d 7s²
• 103 Lr : [Rn] 4f¹⁴ [sic] 6d 7s²

Hill and Petrucci

• Hill and Petrucci, General Chemistry: An Integrated Approach (3rd edition), Prentice Hall. (Elements 1&ndash;106)
• 58 Ce : [Xe] 4f² 6s²
• 103 Lr : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹ 7s²

Hoffman, Lee, and Pershina

This book contains predicted electron configurations for the elements up to 172, as well as 184, based on relativistic Dirac–Fock calculations by B. Fricke in